3/20/25, 7:38 WGU D115 Unit 7 + Shock & Burns Flashcards |
AM
WGU D115 UNIT 7 + SHOCK & BURNS EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED LATEST UPDATE
Terms in this set (50)
The major pathophysiologic characteristic 1. Inhibition of the sympathetic nervous system.
of gluten sensitivity is an autoimmune injury -Increased sympathetic stimulation is a hallmark sign of cardiogenic
to the shock; catecholamines concentration increase.
A person develops cardiogenic shock after 2. Stimulation of the renin-angiotensin system.
an acute MI. The nurse understands this will
-As cardiac output decreases, compensatory adaptive responses are activated, such
produce a(an)
as the renin-angiotensin, neurohormonal, and sympathetic nervous systems, that
lead to fluid retention, systemic vasoconstriction, and tachycardia.
1. Inhibition of the sympathetic
nervous system.
3.Decreased activation of the complement system.
-Activation of inflammatory response resulting in expression of inducible nitric oxide
2.Stimulation of the renin-angiotensin
synthase, activation of inflammatory cytokines, and activation of complement
system.
system appear to play an important role in pathogenesis and outcome of
cardiogenic shock.
3.Decreased activation of the complement
system.
4. Lowered production of catecholamine system.
-Catecholamines concentration increase, not decrease, with sympathetic
4. Lowered production of
activation in cardiogenic shock.
catecholamine system.
1/31
,3/20/25, 7:38 WGU D115 Unit 7 + Shock & Burns Flashcards |
AM
1. Hetastarches
-Hetastarches with molecular weights >200 dalton are not to be used in septic
shock. Hetastarches are not lab tests.
Which laboratory result should the nurse 2.Immunoglobulin E (IgE)
check for a person with suspected septic -Production of mast cells, IgE, and low-affinity IgE receptor (FceRI) is induced by
shock? cellular response to the antigen in anaphylactic shock.
1. Hetastarches 3. Lactate
-The current guidelines for severe sepsis and septic shock recommend immediate
2.Immunoglobulin E (IgE) resuscitation in people with lactate levels >4 mmol/L. Elevated lactate levels
indicate tissue hypoperfusion and patients should be entered in early goal directed
3. Lactate therapy or resuscitation within 6 hours, regardless of blood pressure level.
4.Antigen titer
4.Antigen titer
- Anaphylactic shock is the outcome of a widespread hypersensitivity to an allergen
that triggers a reaction known as anaphylaxis (an allergen is an antigen to which an
individual is hypersensitive).
1. A net procoagulant state.
-Coagulation mechanisms also are activated, and because tissue injury and
endothelial dysfunction are extensive, microvascular thrombosis occurs throughout
the body, resulting in impaired microvascular circulation and organ ischemia.
Endothelial cell dysfunction and mediator Concurrently, fibrinolytic mechanisms are activated. The tendency toward clotting,
release in multiple organ dysfunction however, is greater, resulting in a net procoagulant state that can lead to the
syndrome (MODS) produces development of DIC.
1. A net procoagulant state. 2.Vasoconstriction.
-eneralized vasodilation is produced during MODS.
2.Vasoconstriction.
3.A reduction in oxygen free radicals.
3.A reduction in oxygen free radicals. -Oxygen-free radical production is greatly increased by the respiratory burst of
neutrophils.
4. Decreased proteases.
4. Decreased proteases.
-Proteases are released from neutrophils and damage endothelium and neighboring
2/31
,3/20/25, 7:38 WGU D115 Unit 7 + Shock & Burns Flashcards |
AM
cells, resulting in increased capillary permeability and organ damage.
1. First-degree injury.
- A first-degree burn initially has local pain and erythema, but no blisters appear
until after about 24 hours.
A person arrives at the emergency
2. Superficial partial-thickness injury.
department with a burn injury. The burn
-The hallmark of superficial partial-thickness injury is the appearance of thin-walled,
area is covered with thin-walled, fluid-filled fluid-filled blisters that develop within just a few minutes after injury. Another
blisters and is very painful. The nurse dominant characteristic of superficial injury is pain. As blisters break or are
suspects this is a removed, nerve endings are exposed to air.
1. First-degree injury. 3.Deep partial-thickness injury.
-Deep partial-thickness burns involve the entire dermis, sparing skin appendages
2.Superficial partial-thickness injury. such as hair follicles and sweat glands. The burn often looks waxy white.
3.Deep partial-thickness injury. 4. Full-thickness injury.
-Full-thickness wounds often appear relatively innocuous when their color is white
and the delineation between normal and burned skin is not accompanied by a
4. Full-thickness injury.
marked color change. Elasticity of the dermis is absent, leaving the wound dry and
leathery in appearance and texture.
A nurse is assigned to care for a person 1. Hematocrit level
with a 40% deep partial-thickness injury. -Hematocrit is unreliable due to massive fluid shifts.
Which parameter will the nurse closely
monitor to best assess adequate fluid
2. Urine output
resuscitation?
-Urine output is the most reliable indicator of the adequacy of fluid resuscitation.
1. Hematocrit level
3.Heart rate
-Heart rate is elevated due to sympathetic nervous system activation, pain,
2.Urine output
hypovolemia, and is not a reliable indicator.
3.Heart rate
4. Blood pressure
-Blood pressure is not a reliable indicator of fluid resuscitations.
4. Blood pressure
1. Urinary output
-Urinary output is dependent on glomerular filtration rate, which is influenced by a
variety of factors including perfusion. Urinary output is the best indicator for fluid
3/31
, 3/20/25, 7:38 WGU D115 Unit 7 + Shock & Burns Flashcards |
AM
resuscitation in burn victims.
Which parameter will the nurse monitor to
best determine the systemic perfusion in
2.Partial pressure of arterial oxygen (Pao2)
a child?
-Pao2 is a measure of oxygen dissolved in plasma and is not an indicator of systemic
perfusion.
1. Urinary output
3. Serum lactate
2.Partial pressure of arterial oxygen (Pao2)
-Lactic acidosis (i.e., rise in serum lactate) may be the most sensitive indicator of
inadequate systemic perfusion in children; effective shock therapy should eliminate
3.Serum lactate lactic acidosis.
4. Systolic hypotension 4. Systolic hypotension
-Hypotension develops late in the course of any shock for children and is not a
useful indicator.
1. Spinal cord injury
-Distributive shock (including septic, anaphylactic, and neurogenic) results
from inappropriate distribution of blood flow, increased capillary
permeability, and
myocardial dysfunction (e.g., septic or anaphylactic shock) or central nervous
system injury (e.g., neurogenic or spinal shock).
An adolescent is in neurogenic shock.
Which finding would the nurse typically
4/31
AM
WGU D115 UNIT 7 + SHOCK & BURNS EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED LATEST UPDATE
Terms in this set (50)
The major pathophysiologic characteristic 1. Inhibition of the sympathetic nervous system.
of gluten sensitivity is an autoimmune injury -Increased sympathetic stimulation is a hallmark sign of cardiogenic
to the shock; catecholamines concentration increase.
A person develops cardiogenic shock after 2. Stimulation of the renin-angiotensin system.
an acute MI. The nurse understands this will
-As cardiac output decreases, compensatory adaptive responses are activated, such
produce a(an)
as the renin-angiotensin, neurohormonal, and sympathetic nervous systems, that
lead to fluid retention, systemic vasoconstriction, and tachycardia.
1. Inhibition of the sympathetic
nervous system.
3.Decreased activation of the complement system.
-Activation of inflammatory response resulting in expression of inducible nitric oxide
2.Stimulation of the renin-angiotensin
synthase, activation of inflammatory cytokines, and activation of complement
system.
system appear to play an important role in pathogenesis and outcome of
cardiogenic shock.
3.Decreased activation of the complement
system.
4. Lowered production of catecholamine system.
-Catecholamines concentration increase, not decrease, with sympathetic
4. Lowered production of
activation in cardiogenic shock.
catecholamine system.
1/31
,3/20/25, 7:38 WGU D115 Unit 7 + Shock & Burns Flashcards |
AM
1. Hetastarches
-Hetastarches with molecular weights >200 dalton are not to be used in septic
shock. Hetastarches are not lab tests.
Which laboratory result should the nurse 2.Immunoglobulin E (IgE)
check for a person with suspected septic -Production of mast cells, IgE, and low-affinity IgE receptor (FceRI) is induced by
shock? cellular response to the antigen in anaphylactic shock.
1. Hetastarches 3. Lactate
-The current guidelines for severe sepsis and septic shock recommend immediate
2.Immunoglobulin E (IgE) resuscitation in people with lactate levels >4 mmol/L. Elevated lactate levels
indicate tissue hypoperfusion and patients should be entered in early goal directed
3. Lactate therapy or resuscitation within 6 hours, regardless of blood pressure level.
4.Antigen titer
4.Antigen titer
- Anaphylactic shock is the outcome of a widespread hypersensitivity to an allergen
that triggers a reaction known as anaphylaxis (an allergen is an antigen to which an
individual is hypersensitive).
1. A net procoagulant state.
-Coagulation mechanisms also are activated, and because tissue injury and
endothelial dysfunction are extensive, microvascular thrombosis occurs throughout
the body, resulting in impaired microvascular circulation and organ ischemia.
Endothelial cell dysfunction and mediator Concurrently, fibrinolytic mechanisms are activated. The tendency toward clotting,
release in multiple organ dysfunction however, is greater, resulting in a net procoagulant state that can lead to the
syndrome (MODS) produces development of DIC.
1. A net procoagulant state. 2.Vasoconstriction.
-eneralized vasodilation is produced during MODS.
2.Vasoconstriction.
3.A reduction in oxygen free radicals.
3.A reduction in oxygen free radicals. -Oxygen-free radical production is greatly increased by the respiratory burst of
neutrophils.
4. Decreased proteases.
4. Decreased proteases.
-Proteases are released from neutrophils and damage endothelium and neighboring
2/31
,3/20/25, 7:38 WGU D115 Unit 7 + Shock & Burns Flashcards |
AM
cells, resulting in increased capillary permeability and organ damage.
1. First-degree injury.
- A first-degree burn initially has local pain and erythema, but no blisters appear
until after about 24 hours.
A person arrives at the emergency
2. Superficial partial-thickness injury.
department with a burn injury. The burn
-The hallmark of superficial partial-thickness injury is the appearance of thin-walled,
area is covered with thin-walled, fluid-filled fluid-filled blisters that develop within just a few minutes after injury. Another
blisters and is very painful. The nurse dominant characteristic of superficial injury is pain. As blisters break or are
suspects this is a removed, nerve endings are exposed to air.
1. First-degree injury. 3.Deep partial-thickness injury.
-Deep partial-thickness burns involve the entire dermis, sparing skin appendages
2.Superficial partial-thickness injury. such as hair follicles and sweat glands. The burn often looks waxy white.
3.Deep partial-thickness injury. 4. Full-thickness injury.
-Full-thickness wounds often appear relatively innocuous when their color is white
and the delineation between normal and burned skin is not accompanied by a
4. Full-thickness injury.
marked color change. Elasticity of the dermis is absent, leaving the wound dry and
leathery in appearance and texture.
A nurse is assigned to care for a person 1. Hematocrit level
with a 40% deep partial-thickness injury. -Hematocrit is unreliable due to massive fluid shifts.
Which parameter will the nurse closely
monitor to best assess adequate fluid
2. Urine output
resuscitation?
-Urine output is the most reliable indicator of the adequacy of fluid resuscitation.
1. Hematocrit level
3.Heart rate
-Heart rate is elevated due to sympathetic nervous system activation, pain,
2.Urine output
hypovolemia, and is not a reliable indicator.
3.Heart rate
4. Blood pressure
-Blood pressure is not a reliable indicator of fluid resuscitations.
4. Blood pressure
1. Urinary output
-Urinary output is dependent on glomerular filtration rate, which is influenced by a
variety of factors including perfusion. Urinary output is the best indicator for fluid
3/31
, 3/20/25, 7:38 WGU D115 Unit 7 + Shock & Burns Flashcards |
AM
resuscitation in burn victims.
Which parameter will the nurse monitor to
best determine the systemic perfusion in
2.Partial pressure of arterial oxygen (Pao2)
a child?
-Pao2 is a measure of oxygen dissolved in plasma and is not an indicator of systemic
perfusion.
1. Urinary output
3. Serum lactate
2.Partial pressure of arterial oxygen (Pao2)
-Lactic acidosis (i.e., rise in serum lactate) may be the most sensitive indicator of
inadequate systemic perfusion in children; effective shock therapy should eliminate
3.Serum lactate lactic acidosis.
4. Systolic hypotension 4. Systolic hypotension
-Hypotension develops late in the course of any shock for children and is not a
useful indicator.
1. Spinal cord injury
-Distributive shock (including septic, anaphylactic, and neurogenic) results
from inappropriate distribution of blood flow, increased capillary
permeability, and
myocardial dysfunction (e.g., septic or anaphylactic shock) or central nervous
system injury (e.g., neurogenic or spinal shock).
An adolescent is in neurogenic shock.
Which finding would the nurse typically
4/31
