Microbiology Midterm Study Guide
Midterm Micro Chp 1-13
1. Major Groups of Microorganisms
a. Bacteria-ubiquitous
b. Algae
c. Protozoa
d. Helminths
e. Fungi
2. Viruses
a. Noncellular/acellular
b. parasitic
c. Protein coated genetic elements that cause harm to the host cell
3. Parasites
a. Are always harmful to their host whether they are:
i. Bacterial
ii. Fungal
iii. Protozoan
iv. Viral
4. Louis Pasteur
a. Invented pasteurization
b. Swan flask shape was important as it was open to air but did not allow
bacteria to enter the flask
c. Bacteria along with dust particles settled in the lowest part of flask
d. Disapproved Spontaneous Generation Theory
5. Development of Medical Microbiology
a. Robert Koch
i. Established series of proofs that verified the germ theory of
disease
ii. Causes of infection
1. Linked a specific microorganism with a specific disease
2. Demonstrated that Anthrax is caused by bacteria
b. Joseph Lister
i. First utilized handwashing and misting operation rooms with
antiseptic chemicals
, c. Semmelweis
i. Advocated hand washing
ii. Savior of mothers
d. Alexander Flemming
i. Discovered the first antibiotic penicillin
6. Koch's Postulates
a. Involve the experimental infection of
susceptible host
b. ALL must be satisfied before an organism
can be proven to cause a particular
disease
i. Suspected agent must be found in
every case of disease and be
present in a healthy specimen
ii. Agent must be isolated and
grown(culture)
iii. When agent is introduced to a
healthy host, the host must get the
disease
iv. Same agent must be found in the
diseased experimental host
c. Cannot be used to demonstrate the cause
of all diseases
i. Diabetes
ii. Atherosclerosis
iii. Heart failure
1. Can NOT be explained by Koch’s Postulates
7. The Five I’s
a. Inoculation
i. purposeful addition of microorganisms into a laboratory nutrient
medium
b. Incubation
i. Use of incubators with controlled temps and gas to support growth of
newly inoculated microbes
c. Isolation
i. Separation of microbes
d. Inspection
i. Analyzing microbes
Midterm Micro Chp 1-13
1. Major Groups of Microorganisms
a. Bacteria-ubiquitous
b. Algae
c. Protozoa
d. Helminths
e. Fungi
2. Viruses
a. Noncellular/acellular
b. parasitic
c. Protein coated genetic elements that cause harm to the host cell
3. Parasites
a. Are always harmful to their host whether they are:
i. Bacterial
ii. Fungal
iii. Protozoan
iv. Viral
4. Louis Pasteur
a. Invented pasteurization
b. Swan flask shape was important as it was open to air but did not allow
bacteria to enter the flask
c. Bacteria along with dust particles settled in the lowest part of flask
d. Disapproved Spontaneous Generation Theory
5. Development of Medical Microbiology
a. Robert Koch
i. Established series of proofs that verified the germ theory of
disease
ii. Causes of infection
1. Linked a specific microorganism with a specific disease
2. Demonstrated that Anthrax is caused by bacteria
b. Joseph Lister
i. First utilized handwashing and misting operation rooms with
antiseptic chemicals
, c. Semmelweis
i. Advocated hand washing
ii. Savior of mothers
d. Alexander Flemming
i. Discovered the first antibiotic penicillin
6. Koch's Postulates
a. Involve the experimental infection of
susceptible host
b. ALL must be satisfied before an organism
can be proven to cause a particular
disease
i. Suspected agent must be found in
every case of disease and be
present in a healthy specimen
ii. Agent must be isolated and
grown(culture)
iii. When agent is introduced to a
healthy host, the host must get the
disease
iv. Same agent must be found in the
diseased experimental host
c. Cannot be used to demonstrate the cause
of all diseases
i. Diabetes
ii. Atherosclerosis
iii. Heart failure
1. Can NOT be explained by Koch’s Postulates
7. The Five I’s
a. Inoculation
i. purposeful addition of microorganisms into a laboratory nutrient
medium
b. Incubation
i. Use of incubators with controlled temps and gas to support growth of
newly inoculated microbes
c. Isolation
i. Separation of microbes
d. Inspection
i. Analyzing microbes
