multiculturalism - important to respect differences in culture, religious preference,
sexual orientation, disabilities, and gender
how many americans identify as multiracial - One in 50
important task when working w refugees - promoting a sense of safety
ADA 1992 (disabilities) - Prohibits discrimination in the hiring process; regarding
terms, conditions, and benefits of employment; and in access to work-related
amenities, facilities, and functions
victimization rates for those with disabilities - far exceed those of individuals who
don't have them
who had highest rate of violent victimization from 2009-2011 - people with cognitive
disabilities
ADA Amendments Act of 2008 - broaden protections afforded to disabled Americans
t/f all states have crime victims' bills of rights - true
remedy for the recovery of some measure of economic and psychological wholeness
- restitution or compensation; restore prior position
criminal courts - deal with determining guilt or innocence and metes out criminal
sanctions; allows victims to speak
civil courts - permits vindication of their rights and recovery of financial reparations
from the offenders
right of allocution - right to speak out during proceedings: bail hearing, sentence
hearing, parole board hearing
restorative justice - o Often initiated in religious organizations, and send
representatives to prisons where prison ministries operate
o Goal: involve a larger segment of the community in deciding what should be done
about criminal offending and the harm perpetrated on its victims
-associated with mediation
NCVS - Designed to measure the extent households/individuals are victims of rape,
other types of sexual assault, robbery, assault, burglary, car theft, and larceny
reported and not
NatSCEV - ♣ goal: provide comprehensive presentation of the nature and extent of
child/adolescent victimization in US
♣ measures maltreatment, bullying, community violence, domestic violence, and
sexual victimization
, what minority experiences experienced higher rates of violence - American
Indian/Alaska Native
1994-2010 overall rate of serious violent crime against youth - decreased by 77%
polyvictimization - repeated exposure to direct victimization of either same or
different crimes
t/f adolescents who had been physically abused are at the same risk to commit
violent behavior as those who had simply witnessed abuse - false
youth homicide risk - ♣ Middle childhood (6-11) risk is relatively low
♣ Teenagers (12-17) higher; usually not family members
mourning for families of murder victims - lasts longer, is more intense, more complex
co-victims response - may be more intense if they went through torture before death
how often is an American sexually assaulted - every 98 seconds
race that is twice as likely to be raped - American Indians
US prevalence of child sexual abuse - 25-27% of girls and 16% of boys
t/f abuse by fathers or stepfathers may have a more negative impact than by
perpetrators outside the home - true
CSAAS - children don't necessarily have an innate sense that sexual activity with an
adult is wrong
child sexual abuse questioning - Usually when they are questioned directly instead of
suggestively, they do not deny it
t/f there are specific syndromes that can discriminate between sexually abused
children and those who have experienced other trauma - false
common psychological reactions to sexual assault - PTSD, shame, helplessness,
anger, depression
♣ Rates of PTSD are significantly higher from rape rather than nonsexual assault
internet offenders - Many are not dangerous/violent
human trafficking - o The economic exploitation of an individual through force, fraud,
or coercion
o The third leading criminal enterprise in the world and fastest growing globally
instrument to collect data on human trafficking victims - No uniform system
texas rank in human trafficking - 2nd state in nation