NR 565 ADVANCED PHARM MIDTERM EXAM ACTUAL EXAM COMPLETE QUESTIONS WITH DETAILED VERIFIED ANSWERS (100% CORRECT ANSWERS) /ALREADY GRADED A

NR 565 ADVANCED PHARM MIDTERM EXAM ACTUAL EXAM COMPLETE QUESTIONS WITH DETAILED VERIFIED ANSWERS (100% CORRECT ANSWERS) /ALREADY GRADED A During what trimester is a pregnant woman most at risk for adverse drug reactions with potential long term consequences? - Answer1st trimester (fetus most at risk d/t rapid growth) What is BEERS criteria? - AnswerRecommendations of medications inappropriate for elderly (65 and older), prescriber ultimately decides What is the CYP450 (cytochrome P450) - Answerliver enzyme system where medications are metabolized, can either be inducers or inhibitors and create drug-drug interactions CYP450 inducers - AnswerSpeed up metabolism of drugs (drug is cleared faster), drug has lesser effect (decrease blood levels of drug), elevate CYP450 enzymes CYP450 inducers pneumonic - Answer"Bullshit Crap GPS INDUCES rage" CYP450 inducer drug names - AnswerBarbituates, St John wort, Carbamazepine, rifampin, alcohol, phenytoin, griseofulvin, phenobarbital, sulfonylureas CYP450 inhibitors - Answerinhibit metabolism, increase blood levels of medications CYP450 pneumonic - Answer"VISA credit card debt INHIBITS spending on designers like CK to look GQ" CYP450 inhibitors drug names - AnswerValproate, isoniazid, sulfonamides, amiodarone, chloramphenicol, ketoconazole, grapefruit juice, quinidine Physiological changes during pregnancy that impact pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetic properties of drugs? - Answerincrease glomerular filtration rate leads to increase durg excretion increase hepatic metabolism decrease tone and motility of bowel increase drug absorption Examples of medications that can be teratogenic - AnswerAntiepileptic drugs, antimicrobials such as tetracyclines and fluoroquinolones, vitamin A in large doses, some anticoagulants, and hormonal medications such as diethylstilbestrol (DES). How is absorption of intramuscular medications different in neonates? - Answerslow and erratic due to low blood flow in muscles first few days of life Why is absorption of medication in the stomach increased in infancy? - Answerdelayed gastric emptying Some medications that should be avoided in the pediatric patient? - Answerglucocorticoids, discoloration of developing teeth with tetracyclines, and kernicterus with sulfonamides, levofloxacin (antibiotics) aspirin (Severe intoxication from acute overdose) what should be included in medication administration patient education? - Answerdosage size and timing route and technique of administration duration of treatment drug storage nature and time course of desired responses nature and time course of adverse responses finish taking antibiotic What are some things that put the elderly patient at higher risk for adverse drug reactions? - Answerreduced renal function polypharmacy (the use of five or more medications daily) greater severity of illness presence of comorbidities use of drugs that have a low therapeutic index (e.g., digoxin) increased individual variation secondary to altered pharmacokinetics inadequate supervision of long-term therapy poor patient adherence