2025 EXAM COMPLETE QUESTIONS
AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS
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Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) - Answers - ✔✔The last stage of
infection caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), which most often results
in severe damage to the body's immunse system
Applicator - Answers - ✔✔A term referring to either single-use and reusable spatula or
similar devices
Antiseptic - Answers - ✔✔A chemical agent that destroys or inhibits microorganisms on
skin or tissue and has an effect of limiting optimally preventing infection
Autoclave - Answers - ✔✔Equipment used for the sterilization of heat resistant
instruments
Bacteria - Answers - ✔✔Microscopic organisms that are too small to be visible to the
naked eye. They are capable of causing infection when a person is exposed to them
under certain circumstances, such as through abraded skin (eg. staphylococci,
streptococci)
Bacterial Spores - Answers - ✔✔Some microorganisms are able to survive in very harsh
conditions by enveloping themselves with this thick wall. They make bacteria highly
resistant to killing. If they are introduced to the body where conditions become more
favorable—when there's more water or more food available—the bacteria "come to life"
again, transforming from a spore back to a vegetative cell that can cause serious
infection. They can be destroyed by sterilization only
Blood borne infections - Answers - ✔✔Infections caused by viruses found in the blood
such as hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), or human immunodeficiency
virus (HIV)
Body Fluids - Answers - ✔✔Fluids normally present in the body such as blood, mucous,
sweat, oil, saliva, urine, ooze from a festering sore, or tears. They may contain
infectious organisms.
, Cleaning - Answers - ✔✔Refers to the process of removing blood, other body fluids,
organic material, tissue, and dirt from the surface of an object by scrubbing with a
brush, detergent and water. It greatly reduces the number of microorganisms (including
bacterial endospores) on items and is a crucial step in processing. If items haven't first
been cleaned, further processing might not be effective.
Contamination - Answers - ✔✔A disinfected or sterile item or surface that becomes
soiled with microorganisms
Cross-contamination - Answers - ✔✔The transfer of microorganisms from one surface
to another or from something contaminated to something clean or sterile
Detergent - Answers - ✔✔A substance that enhances the cleaning action of water
(preferably warm/hot) or another liquid.
Disinfectant - Answers - ✔✔A chemical agent that destroys microorganisms, but does
not necessarily kill all microbial forms on inanimate objects
Disinfection - Answers - ✔✔A process that destroys or kills some, but not all, disease-
producing microorganism on an object or surface. (Does not kill spores)
Gloves - Answers - ✔✔Protective equipment that must be worn to protect against
exposure to blood and other potentially infectious materials. Disposable gloves are
single use that are disposed after each use. Most popular are made from latex, but
hypo-allergenic gloves, glove liners, powder less gloves, or other alternatives are
available for those allergic,
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) - Answers - ✔✔Infection of the liver, can cause a life long
infection, cirrhosis (scarring), cancer, liver failure, death. Takes 6 weeks to 6 months to
produce infection when the virus enters the body
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) - Answers - ✔✔Infection of liver cells, 6 weeks to 6 months to
produce infection once virus is present, found in the blood of person with disease.
Spread by contact with blood of infected person.
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) - Answers - ✔✔Virus that causes AIDS. Takes
from 1 to 6 months for blood to test positive for antibodies after virus enters the body.
Immunization - Answers - ✔✔Method to produce immunity (protection from infection)
using vaccines
Infection - Answers - ✔✔Condition resulting from presence and multiplication of
microorganisms in the body. Not all show signs of symptoms but it is still transmittable