WGU D386 Hardware and Operating Systems Essentials OBJECTIVE ASSESSMENT ACTUAL EXAM 2025/2026 COMPLETE QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED CORRECT ANSWERS || 100% GUARANTEED PASS NEWEST VERSION

WGU D386 Hardware and Operating Systems Essentials OBJECTIVE ASSESSMENT ACTUAL EXAM 2025/2026 COMPLETE QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED CORRECT ANSWERS || 100% GUARANTEED PASS NEWEST VERSION 1. Operating Systems - ANSWER Manages resources (CPU, memory, hard drive, peripherals) of a computer. Provides a GUI for the user to navigate. Examples: Windows, Mac, Linux (GNOME, KDE) 2. Multiprogramming - ANSWER Multiple programs execute at a time on a single device 3. Multitasking - ANSWER Allow multiple programs and processes to run on a computer system simultaneously 4. Preemptive - ANSWER Each process is allocated an equal share of computing resources 5. Cooperative - ANSWER Non-preemptive. Legacy technique allocates an entire CPU to a single process till the time a process is completed 6. Multithreading - ANSWER Allows the CPU to execute multiple threads of the same process simultaneously 7. Concurrency - ANSWER Ability of multiple threads to access shared resources simultaneously 8. Batch processing - ANSWER The method computers use to periodically complete high-volume, repetitive data jobs 9. HCL - ANSWER Hardware compatibility list. List of computer hardware compatible with a particular operating system or device management software 10. Process control block - ANSWER Manages processes in an operating system 11. CPU - ANSWER Principal part of any digital computer system, generally composed of the main memory, control unit, and arithmetic-logic unit 12. Arithmetic logic unit (ALU) - ANSWER Performs arithmetic, logical, and bitwise operations on integer binary numbers 13. Control unit (CU) - ANSWER Orchestrates the fetching, decoding, and execution of instructions in a CPU 14. NFR - ANSWER Non-Functional Requirement 15. A set of specifications that describe the system's operation capabilities and constraints. These are basically the requirements that outline how well it operates, including things like, speed, security, reliability, and data integrity. - ANSWER Non-Function Requirements 16. Define what a software product must do: its features and functions. - ANSWER Functional Requirements 17. The following are key types of what: 1) Performance 2) Scalability 3) Portability 4) Compatability 5) Reliability 6) Maintainability 7) Availability 8) Security 9) Usability - ANSWER NFRs 18. How fast a software system (or its component) responds to certain users' actions under a certain workload. It's the core type of nonfunctional requirements no system can do without. - ANSWER Performance 19. Assesses the highest workloads under which the system will still meet performance and usability requirements. Refers to the capacity of the system to handle growth in terms of both data volume and user load. - ANSWER Scalability 20. Determines if a system or its elements can work in different environments. It usually includes hardware, software, or other usage platform specifications. In other words, it establishes how well actions performed via one platform are run on another. Also, it prescribes how well system elements may be accessed and may interact from two different environments. - ANSWER Portability 21. defines how a system can coexist and interact with another system in the same environment. - ANSWER Compatibility 22. specifies how likely the system or its element would run without a failure for a given period of time under predefined conditions. Traditionally, this probability is expressed in percentages. - ANSWER Reliability 23. Defines the time needed for a solution or its component to be fixed, changed to increase performance or other qualities, or adapted to a changing environment. - ANSWER Maintainability 24. Describes how likely the system is accessible to a user at a given point in time. - ANSWER Availability 25. Defined by how well are the system and its data protected against attacks? - ANSWER Security 26. The degree to which a system is easy to learn and efficient and satisfying to use. - ANSWER Usability 27. IDE - ANSWER Integrated Development Environment 28. Provides a developer with a way to create a program, run the program, and debug the program all within one application. - ANSWER Integrated Development Environment (IDE) 29. Which feature of an IDE provides a list of variables that are already declared in the program as the developer starts typing? - ANSWER Autocomplete 30. Makes collaboration and cooperation between organizations possible and practical. - ANSWER Networking 31. Is the primary purpose of the communication. - ANSWER The Message 32. Any device that is capable of sending and/or receiving data electronically. - ANSWER Host or Node 33. To solve the related problems of channel availability and maximum utilization, there must be a way to break long messages into smaller units. These units are called what? - ANSWER Packets 34. Allows for the current passage of different messages. - ANSWER Multiplexing 35. Provides the path for the messages between the two communicating and nodes. - ANSWER Communication Channel 36. A communication channel is actually divided into segments called what? - ANSWER Links 37. The interface characteristics of the end points and the rate of speed with which data can be moved successfully through the channel, usually measured in bits per second and known as? - ANSWER bandwidth or bit rate 38. a communication channel medium to include radio waves, cellular phone, broadcast radio, microwave, wireless networking, infrared light, and satellite technologies. - ANSWER Unguided media 39. Limit communications to specific path constrained to a cable of some sort. - ANSWER Guided Media 40. The Sine wave that carries the data is called what? - ANSWER Carrier 41. Signaling is achieved by varying certain properties of the radio wave at the transmitter and detecting the variations at the receiver. This process is called? - ANSWER Modulation and Demodulation 42. A channel that carries messages in only one direction. - ANSWER Simplex Channel 43. A channel that carries messages in both directions, but only one direction at a time. - ANSWER Half-Duplex Channel 44. Channels that carry signals simultaneously in both directions - ANSWER Full-duplex Channels 45. Describes the fundamental configuration, or layout, of network. - ANSWER Network Topology 46. Networks that provide multiple paths between end nodes. The failure of an individual intermediate node will slow, but not stop network traffic as long as an alternative path is available. - ANSWER Mesh Network 47. Topology were each node is tapped into a bus along the bus. - ANSWER Bus Topology 48. Topology where all nodes are connected point‐to‐point to a central device. Nodes communicate through the central device. Switching in the central device connects pairs of nodes together to allow them to communicate directly and steers data from one node to another as required. - ANSWER Star Topology 49. This topology is used primarily for local area networks, although it is sometimes used in metropolitan and wide area networks to connect individual centers of activity to a central office. - ANSWER Star Topology 50. A topology that consists of a point‐to‐point connection from each node on the network to the next. The last node on the network is connected back to the first to form a closed ring. Each node re-transmits the signal that it receives from the previous node to the next node in the ring. Packets are placed on the loop at a node, and travel from node to node until the desired node is reached. - ANSWER Ring Topology 51. Describes the actual layout of the wiring for the network. - ANSWER Physical Topology 52. Defines the operational relationship between the various network components. - ANSWER Logical Topology 53. Is a network that connects computers and other supporting devices over a relatively small localized area, typically a room, the floor of a building, a building, or multiple buildings within close range of each other. - ANSWER Local Area Network (LAN) 54. Wi-Fi - ANSWER Wireless Ethernet 55. A network that provides the interconnections between LANs. This network also makes it possible to extend the overall range of the combined networks well beyond that of a single LAN. - ANSWER Backbone Network 56. Is an organizational network, where the user interfaces and applications are based primarily web services. aka a private network. - ANSWER Intranet 57. MAN - ANSWER Metropolitan Network 58. Is defined as a network larger in geographical scope than a local area network, but generally within a range of less than 30 miles or 50 kilometers. - ANSWER Metropolitan Network (MAN) 59. ISP - ANSWER Internet service Provider 60. WAN - ANSWER Wide Area Network 61. Networks designed to facilitate communications between users and applications over large distances—between the various corporate offices of an international organization that are located in cities all over the world - ANSWER Wide Area Network 62. PSTN - ANSWER Public switched Telephone Networks 63. Is a connection between a business and its business partners, used for the exchange of information and services, and for collaboration, coordination, and planning. - ANSWER Extranet 64. high speed fiber optics that carry traffic between large cities throughout the world. - ANSWER Internet backbones 65. NAP - ANSWER Network Access Point 66. Interchanges between backbones occur where? - ANSWER Network Access Point (NAP) 67. Networks created for the personal use of an individual. They generally have ranges of thirty feet or less, sufficient for an individual to interconnect his personal computing devices. - ANSWER Personal Area Networks (PANs) 68. Is a multi-link channel path that is established for communication between two end nodes. There are two types of virtual circuits: a permanent virtual circuit (PVC) is a virtual circuit that is created when a network is built; a switched virtual circuit (SVC) is set up temporarily when a connection is established and maintained until the connection is closed. - ANSWER Virtual Circuit 69. TCP/IP - ANSWER Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol 70. OSI - ANSWER Open Systems Interconnection Reference Model (OSI) 71. Each layer of the stack at the sending node contributes information that will be used by the corresponding peer layer at the receiving node. - ANSWER Hierarchical protocol stack 72. What are the layers of the TCP/IP model - ANSWER 1) Physical Layer 2) Data Link Layer 3) Network Layer 4) Transport Layer 5) Application Layer 73. The layer at which the communication actually takes place - ANSWER Physical Layer 74. The layer is responsible for the reliable transmission and delivery of packets across the communication link between two adjacent nodes. - ANSWER Data Link Layer 75. The address for each node on an Ethernet network is called what? - ANSWER MAC Address 76. The amount of time that it takes for a packet to get from one end of the network to the other is called what? - ANSWER Network Propagation Delay 77. collision avoidance MAC protocol - ANSWER Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Avoidance (CSMA/CA) 78. (CSMA/CA) - ANSWER Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Avoidance 79. Is responsible for the addressing and routing of packets from the source end node through intermediate nodes, step‐by‐step, to their proper final destination. - ANSWER Network Layer 80. Is responsible to take messages from network applications and provide services that support reliable end‐to‐end communications. - ANSWER Transport Layer