NU371 HESI CASE STUDY: PATHOPHYSIOLOGY PRACTICE QUIZ AND ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED GRADED A++ 2025/2026

NU371 HESI CASE STUDY: PATHOPHYSIOLOGY PRACTICE QUIZ AND ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED GRADED A++ 2025/2026 Terms in this set (25) A man who was recently diagnosed with Huntington's disease asks the nurse if his adolescent son should be tested for the disease. What response is best for the nurse to provide? a) Autosomal dominant disorders, such as Huntington's, cannot be inherited from the parent. b) Genetic counseling should be obtained prior to undertaking any genetic testing procedure. c) Testing is needed in adolescents because of the risk of passing the gene to each offspring. d) Positive genetic testing may contribute to insurance discrimination that denies coverage. b) Genetic counseling should be obtained prior to undertaking any genetic testing procedure. - Genetic counseling provides clients and families with facts to assist them in making informed decisions before any genetic testing procedure is undertaken. It also ensures that the client has voluntarily opted for the testing and not coerced and is also able to weigh the risks and benefits of knowing the result. After talking with the healthcare provider, a male client continues to have questions about the results of a prostatic surface antigen (PSA) screening test and asks the nurse how the PSA levels become elevated. The nurse should explain which pathophysiological mechanism? a) As the prostate gland enlarges, its cells contribute more PSA in the circulating blood. b) The PSA levels normally rise and fall, so multiple testings over time are necessary. c) Low PSA levels indicate that the prostate gland is not functioning properly. d) The PSA blood test is used to determine dosage for Viagra prescriptions. a) As the prostate gland enlarges, its cells contribute more PSA in the circulating blood. - PSA is a glycoprotein found in prostatic epithelial cells, and elevations are used as a specific tumor markers. Elevations in PSA are related to gland volume, i.e., benign prostatic hypertrophy, prostatitis, and cancer of the prostate, indicating (tumor) cell load. PSA levels are also used to monitor response to therapy. When observing a client for symptoms of a large bowel obstruction, the nurse should assess for which finding? a) Distention of the lower abdomen. b) Nausea with profuse vomiting. c) Upper abdominal discomfort. d) Fluid and electrolyte imbalances. a) Distention of the lower abdomen. - Among findings characteristic of a large bowel obstruction is the distention of the lower abdomen.The other options are findings associated with small bowel obstruction. Which rationale best supports an older client's risk of complications related to a dysrhythmia? a) An older client usually lives alone and cannot summon help when symptoms appear. b) An older clients is more likely to eat high-fat diets which predisposes to heart disease. c) Cardiac symptoms, such as confusion, are more difficult to recognize in an older client. d) An older client is intolerant of decreased cardiac output which may cause dizziness and falls. d) An older client is intolerant of decreased cardiac output which may cause dizziness and falls. - In an older client, cardiac output is decreased and a loss of contractility and elasticity reduces systemic and cerebral blood flow, so dysrhythmias, such as bradycardia or tachycardia is poorly tolerated, and increases the client's risk for syncope, falls, transient ischemic attacks, and possibly dementia. Which healthcare practice is most important for the nurse to teach a postmenopausal client? a) Wear layers of clothes if experiencing hot flashes. b) Use a water-soluble lubricant for vaginal dryness. c) Consume adequate foods rich in calcium. d) Participate in stimulating mental exercises. c) Consume adequate foods rich in calcium. - Bone density loss associated with osteoporosis increases at a more rapid rate when estrogen levels begin to fall, so the most important healthcare practice during menopause is ensuring an adequate calcium intake to help maintain bone density and prevent osteoporosis.