CARDIOVASCULAR NCLEX-RN EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED LATEST UPDATE

CARDIOVASCULAR NCLEX-RN EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED LATEST UPDATE Terms in this set (25) A female client calls the nurse at the clinic and reports that ever since the vein ligation and stripping procedure was performed, she has been experiencing a sensation as though the affected leg is falling asleep. The nurse should make which response to the client? 1, "Apply warm packs to the leg." 2. "Keep the leg elevated as much as possible." 3. "Contact your health care provider right away to report this problem." 4. "This normally occurs after surgery and will subside when the edema goes down." 3."Contact your health care provider right away to report this problem." Rationale: A sensation of pins and needles or feeling as though the surgical limb is falling asleep may indicate temporary or permanent nerve damage after surgery. The saphenous vein and the saphenous nerve run close together, and damage to the nerve will produce paresthesias. Options 1, 2, and 4 are inaccurate responses. An alternative to surgery is endovenous ablation of the saphenous vein. Ablation involves the insertion of a catheter that emits energy. This causes collapse and sclerosis of the vein. Potential complications include bruising, tightness along the vein, recanalization (reopening of the vein), and paresthesia. Endovenous ablation also may be done in combination with saphenofemoral ligation or phlebectomy. Transilluminated powdered phlebectomy involves the use of a powdered resector to destroy the varices and then removes the pieces via aspiration. An ambulatory care nurse measures the blood pressure of a client and finds it to be 156/94 mm Hg. Which statement indicates the client needs additional education? 1. "It is important that I limit protein intake." 2. "I need to maintain a regular exercise program." 3. "I understand that I need to avoid adding salt to foods." 4. "It is important that I begin reducing and then maintaining weight." 1."It is important that I limit protein intake." Rationale: Obesity and sodium intake are modifiable risk factors for hypertension. These are of the utmost importance because they can be changed or modified by the individual through a regular exercise program and careful monitoring of sodium intake. Protein intake has no relationship to hypertension. A nurse identifies that a client is having occasional premature ventricular contractions (PVCs) on the cardiac monitor. The nurse reviews the client's laboratory results and determines that which result would be consistent with the observation? 1. Serum sodium level of 145 mEq/L 2. Serum chloride level of 98 mEq/L 3. Serum calcium level of 10 mg/dL 4. Serum potassium level of 2.8 mEq/L 4.Serum potassium level of 2.8 mEq/L Rationale: The nurse should check the client's serum laboratory study results for hypokalemia. The client may experience PVCs in the presence of hypokalemia, because this electrolyte imbalance increases the electrical instability of the heart. The values noted in the remaining options are normal. A client's total cholesterol level is 344 mg/dL, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) level is 164 mg/dL, and high- density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) level is 30 mg/dL. Based on analysis of the data, how should the nurse direct client teaching? 1. The client should maintain the current dietary regimen but increase activity level. 2. Results are inconclusive unless the triglyceride level is also screened, so teaching is not indicated at this time. 3. The client is at high risk for cardiovascular disease, and measures to modify all identified risk factors should be taught. 4. The client is at low risk for cardiovascular disease, so the client should be encouraged to continue to follow the current regimen. 3.The client is at high risk for cardiovascular disease, and measures to modify all identified risk factors should be taught. Rationale: In the absence of documented cardiovascular disease, the desired goal is to have the total cholesterol level lower than 200 mg/dL. A desired LDL-C level for all individuals is lower than 100 mg/dL, and a desirable HDL-C level is higher than 40 mg/dL. Because the client's levels are outside the range for all three values to a significant degree, the client is at high risk for developing cardiovascular disease and requires teaching on risk factor reduction.