Genetics Final exam CH. 13 || ANSWERED || 2025/2026

Somatic mutation - Correct Answer Extends only the life of the organism affected and all daughter cells of that mutant cell. Only autosomal (body cells) are affected - mitosis. Germ line mutations - Correct Answer A heritable mutation, affects gametes Indeles - Correct Answer Leads to frameshift mutations (collectively insertions and deletions) Transition mutations - Correct Answer purine to purine or pyrimidine to pyrimidine. There are 4 possibilities Transvertion mutation - Correct Answer a purine to pyrimidine mutation or vice versa. There are 8 possibilities Anticipation and fragile X - Correct Answer hair pin loop allows more and more repeats to be made (fragile x is an example of anticipation) Forward mutation - Correct Answer a change from WT to mutant reversion mutation - Correct Answer change from mutants to WT (there are two kinds) Partial reversion - Correct Answer restores protein function, but not exact WT sequence Complete reversion - Correct Answer Restores WT protein coding sequence Suppressor mutations - Correct Answer suppresses effect of an earlier mutation (two kinds) Intergenic suppressor mutation - Correct Answer mutation in another gene that suppresses a forme