学位英语考点学习第一篇（超适合小白）
文章核心主题：美国学前教育政策及其对缩小贫富家庭儿童差距的作用。
The first year of school in America, known as kindergarten, usually begins between the ages
of five and six. Among rich countries such a late start is very strange. President Obama believes it
is an economic and social problem; his education secretary goes as far as to say that it is "morally
wrong." This statement has some support, as it is clear from research into vocabulary that
youngsters from poor families enter kindergarten well behind those from rich families -a
disadvantage that usually lasts a lifetime. Children from households on welfare knew 525 words
by the age of three, while the children of professionals had mastered 1 116.
Pre-school can help close this gap. So in a speech last month, Mr. Obama called for a
partnership between the federal government and the states to expand it to every American child.
It later became known that "every" meant those who come from families with incomes of up to
200% above the poverty line-equal to an income of $47 000 for a family of four.
Some critics say that sending children to school at the age of four does not work. The
evidence suggests otherwise. For example, on March 20th new results were announced from a
study of 9-to-11-year-olds in New Jersey. This report found that disadvantaged children who had
attended pre-school had better literacy, language, maths and science skills. And two years of pre-
kindergarten were better than one.
Some studies also follow the effects of early learning over lifetimes, such as its effect on
crime rates and other factors that may eventually burden society. Critics have singled out a
government scheme called Head Start, created in 1965, which provides poor households with a
range of services including school-based early education.
第一段
1. 原句:
[ðə] [fɜːrst] [jɪr] [əv] [skuːl] [ɪn] [əˈmerɪkə], [noʊn] [æz] [ˈkɪndərɡɑːrtn], [ˈjuːʒuəli] [bɪˈɡɪnz] [bɪ
ˈtwiːn] [ðə] [ˈeɪdʒɪz] [əv] [faɪv] [ænd] [sɪks].
The first year of school in America, known as kindergarten, usually begins between the ages of
five and six.
翻译: 美国学校教育的第一年（称为幼儿园）通常在五到六岁之间开始。
- 单词分析:
- kindergarten [ˈkɪndərɡɑːrtn] n. 幼儿园
- known [noʊn] v. (know 的过去分词) 被称为
- 短语分析:
- known as 被称为（过去分词短语作插入语）
- 语法:
- 主句结构：主语（The first year） + 谓语（begins） + 时间状语（between...six）
- 同位语 "known as kindergarten" 对主语进行解释
Grammar Analysis (语法分析):
页1
, 主句结构:
主语: "The first year of school in America"
（"学校教育的第一年"）
谓语动词: "begins"（"开始"）
时间状语: "between the ages of five and six"
（"五岁至六岁之间"）
同位语:非限制性同位语: ", known as kindergarten,"补充说明主语 "the first year of school"，
相当于插入语，可省略而不影响主句完整性。中文对应："被称为幼儿园"
介词短语分析:"in America"（地点状语）: 修饰主语 "the first year of school"，表示地点。
"of school"（后置定语）: 修饰 "the first year"，限定为 "学校教育的第一年"。
"between the ages of five and six"（时间状语）: 表示动作发生的时间范围，由介词 between
引导，强调年龄区间。
关键语法点:
介词 "between" 的用法:
原句使用 between...and... 结构表示年龄区间（五岁至六岁之间），比原错误句（ at the
ages）更准确，因为 "between" 明确表示范围，而非具体时间点。
同位语的标点使用:
同位语 ", known as kindergarten," 前后用逗号隔开，表明其非必要性（删除后句子仍成立）。
"known as kindergarten" 是 同位语，因为它对主语 "The first year of school in America" 进行了
具体解释，且删除后会影响句子的信息完整性。它提供了关于主语的额外信息，但并不是
对句子的补充说明或语气表达。
如果它是插入语，删除后句子应仍然完整，且不影响核心信息的表达。插入语是对句子的
补充说明，表达语气、态度或附加信息，删除后不影响句子的完整性。
最终结论：
"known as kindergarten" 是同位语，因为它解释并限定了主语的具体内容，而不是对句子的
补充说明。
2. 原句:
[əˈmʌŋ] [rɪtʃ] [ˈkʌntriz] [sʌtʃ] [ə] [leɪt] [stɑːrt] [ɪz] [ˈveri] [streɪndʒ].
Among rich countries such a late start is very strange.
翻译: 在富裕国家中，如此晚的入学起点显得非常奇怪。
- 单词分析:
- strange [streɪndʒ] adj. 奇怪的
- 短语分析:
- such a late start 如此晚的起点（such 修饰名词短语）
- 语法:
- 倒装句：表语（strange）提前强调，正常语序为 "Such a late start is very strange among
rich countries."
原句主干结构：
主语 (Subject): such a late start
谓语 (Predicate): is very strange（系动词 + 表语）
页2
文章核心主题：美国学前教育政策及其对缩小贫富家庭儿童差距的作用。
The first year of school in America, known as kindergarten, usually begins between the ages
of five and six. Among rich countries such a late start is very strange. President Obama believes it
is an economic and social problem; his education secretary goes as far as to say that it is "morally
wrong." This statement has some support, as it is clear from research into vocabulary that
youngsters from poor families enter kindergarten well behind those from rich families -a
disadvantage that usually lasts a lifetime. Children from households on welfare knew 525 words
by the age of three, while the children of professionals had mastered 1 116.
Pre-school can help close this gap. So in a speech last month, Mr. Obama called for a
partnership between the federal government and the states to expand it to every American child.
It later became known that "every" meant those who come from families with incomes of up to
200% above the poverty line-equal to an income of $47 000 for a family of four.
Some critics say that sending children to school at the age of four does not work. The
evidence suggests otherwise. For example, on March 20th new results were announced from a
study of 9-to-11-year-olds in New Jersey. This report found that disadvantaged children who had
attended pre-school had better literacy, language, maths and science skills. And two years of pre-
kindergarten were better than one.
Some studies also follow the effects of early learning over lifetimes, such as its effect on
crime rates and other factors that may eventually burden society. Critics have singled out a
government scheme called Head Start, created in 1965, which provides poor households with a
range of services including school-based early education.
第一段
1. 原句:
[ðə] [fɜːrst] [jɪr] [əv] [skuːl] [ɪn] [əˈmerɪkə], [noʊn] [æz] [ˈkɪndərɡɑːrtn], [ˈjuːʒuəli] [bɪˈɡɪnz] [bɪ
ˈtwiːn] [ðə] [ˈeɪdʒɪz] [əv] [faɪv] [ænd] [sɪks].
The first year of school in America, known as kindergarten, usually begins between the ages of
five and six.
翻译: 美国学校教育的第一年（称为幼儿园）通常在五到六岁之间开始。
- 单词分析:
- kindergarten [ˈkɪndərɡɑːrtn] n. 幼儿园
- known [noʊn] v. (know 的过去分词) 被称为
- 短语分析:
- known as 被称为（过去分词短语作插入语）
- 语法:
- 主句结构：主语（The first year） + 谓语（begins） + 时间状语（between...six）
- 同位语 "known as kindergarten" 对主语进行解释
Grammar Analysis (语法分析):
页1
, 主句结构:
主语: "The first year of school in America"
（"学校教育的第一年"）
谓语动词: "begins"（"开始"）
时间状语: "between the ages of five and six"
（"五岁至六岁之间"）
同位语:非限制性同位语: ", known as kindergarten,"补充说明主语 "the first year of school"，
相当于插入语，可省略而不影响主句完整性。中文对应："被称为幼儿园"
介词短语分析:"in America"（地点状语）: 修饰主语 "the first year of school"，表示地点。
"of school"（后置定语）: 修饰 "the first year"，限定为 "学校教育的第一年"。
"between the ages of five and six"（时间状语）: 表示动作发生的时间范围，由介词 between
引导，强调年龄区间。
关键语法点:
介词 "between" 的用法:
原句使用 between...and... 结构表示年龄区间（五岁至六岁之间），比原错误句（ at the
ages）更准确，因为 "between" 明确表示范围，而非具体时间点。
同位语的标点使用:
同位语 ", known as kindergarten," 前后用逗号隔开，表明其非必要性（删除后句子仍成立）。
"known as kindergarten" 是 同位语，因为它对主语 "The first year of school in America" 进行了
具体解释，且删除后会影响句子的信息完整性。它提供了关于主语的额外信息，但并不是
对句子的补充说明或语气表达。
如果它是插入语，删除后句子应仍然完整，且不影响核心信息的表达。插入语是对句子的
补充说明，表达语气、态度或附加信息，删除后不影响句子的完整性。
最终结论：
"known as kindergarten" 是同位语，因为它解释并限定了主语的具体内容，而不是对句子的
补充说明。
2. 原句:
[əˈmʌŋ] [rɪtʃ] [ˈkʌntriz] [sʌtʃ] [ə] [leɪt] [stɑːrt] [ɪz] [ˈveri] [streɪndʒ].
Among rich countries such a late start is very strange.
翻译: 在富裕国家中，如此晚的入学起点显得非常奇怪。
- 单词分析:
- strange [streɪndʒ] adj. 奇怪的
- 短语分析:
- such a late start 如此晚的起点（such 修饰名词短语）
- 语法:
- 倒装句：表语（strange）提前强调，正常语序为 "Such a late start is very strange among
rich countries."
原句主干结构：
主语 (Subject): such a late start
谓语 (Predicate): is very strange（系动词 + 表语）
页2
