Anthropology 101 Emory Exam 1
What is the difference between microevolution and macroevolution? - ANSWER-
Microevolution- individuals compete and population changes by frequencies of different
traits varying
Macroevolution- microevolution + billions of years
Five forces of microevolution - ANSWER-Natural Selection, Mutation, Gene flow,
Genetic Drift, Sexual Selection
What kinds of questions might anthropologists ask and to what extent do they become
involved in the societies they study? - ANSWER-Why do we work where we work?
Many try to integrate into society to fully understand it
How does anthropology differ from other related fields, such as sociology or
psychology? - ANSWER-Anthropology focuses on culture and humans rather than
solely society or the mind
Understand the nature of scientific research - ANSWER-Hypotheses are designed to be
disproven. Anthro is a science but a formal experiment doesn't have to take place
Know what the handmaiden critique means, and why it is still relevant in modern
anthropology - ANSWER-Critique that anthropology has the potential to act as the
"handmaiden" to corporations, governments, and other special interests
What are some methods used by cultural anthropologists? - ANSWER-Observational
Methods, Participant Observation, Non-Participant Observation, Ethnographic Method
What are the four subfields of anthropology? How do they work together in the study of
the "whole human"? - ANSWER-Biological, Archaeology, Cultural, Linguistic
They provide a holistic approach and can provide further subfields between two of the
four sub fields
Be able to name at least three different ways in which applied anthropologists might
work and generally what they would do - ANSWER-Medical- cultural dimensions of
health, disease, treatment, and care
Developmental- developing a society while keeping with indigenous models while
avoiding stratification and fostering equity, overinnovation and underdifferentiation
Public anthro and cultural resource management (CRM)- salvaging threatened site on
private/public land, and preservation, restoring, and education of protected sites
, What key scientific contributions that set the scene for the acceptance of the
Darwin/Wallace theory of evolution by natural selection? - ANSWER-Aristotle, Lamarck,
Galileo
What were some of the major obstacles to evolutionary thought? In general, how were
they overcome? - ANSWER-Uniformitarianism- Earth's position in the universe
Fixity of species-humans outside the natural order
Know the three components of evolution by natural selection - ANSWER-Variability ,
Heritability, Competition
What are the two main components to the Modern Evolutionary Synthesis? - ANSWER-
Mendelian genetics and Darwinian evolution
Be able to define the following terms: DNA, gene, allele, genotype, phenotype -
ANSWER-DNA- what genes are made of
Gene- section of DNA with identifiable structure or function
Allele- alternative forms of gene found at same place on chromosome
Genotype- genes in a population
Phenotype- appearance of individual
What are the three main functions of DNA? - ANSWER-(1) Protein Synthesis
(2) Cellular Replication
(3) Regulation of other DNA
Be able to name at least three sub-specializations within biological anthropology -
ANSWER-Primatology, Paleoanthropology, Skeletal Biology
Be able to explain why evolution does not operate as simple linear "progress" from a
"lesser" form a "better" form - ANSWER-Branching
Be able to provide a human example of microevolution, and know which mechanisms
were involved - ANSWER-Sickle cell for malaria
Mutation and gene flow
How does the cultural construct of "race" differ from the biological concept of human
variation? - ANSWER-Race is defined by differences in outwards appearance but there
is little difference genetically
Why can it be either useful or dangerous to study human biological variation? -
ANSWER-The question of eugenics and intervention in genetics appears
In what ways do human populations vary and what are some adaptive explanations for
them? - ANSWER-Vary phenotypically
Light and dark skin adapted from trying to balance vitamin B folate and vitamin D in
blood based on exposure to sun in their specific environment
What is the difference between microevolution and macroevolution? - ANSWER-
Microevolution- individuals compete and population changes by frequencies of different
traits varying
Macroevolution- microevolution + billions of years
Five forces of microevolution - ANSWER-Natural Selection, Mutation, Gene flow,
Genetic Drift, Sexual Selection
What kinds of questions might anthropologists ask and to what extent do they become
involved in the societies they study? - ANSWER-Why do we work where we work?
Many try to integrate into society to fully understand it
How does anthropology differ from other related fields, such as sociology or
psychology? - ANSWER-Anthropology focuses on culture and humans rather than
solely society or the mind
Understand the nature of scientific research - ANSWER-Hypotheses are designed to be
disproven. Anthro is a science but a formal experiment doesn't have to take place
Know what the handmaiden critique means, and why it is still relevant in modern
anthropology - ANSWER-Critique that anthropology has the potential to act as the
"handmaiden" to corporations, governments, and other special interests
What are some methods used by cultural anthropologists? - ANSWER-Observational
Methods, Participant Observation, Non-Participant Observation, Ethnographic Method
What are the four subfields of anthropology? How do they work together in the study of
the "whole human"? - ANSWER-Biological, Archaeology, Cultural, Linguistic
They provide a holistic approach and can provide further subfields between two of the
four sub fields
Be able to name at least three different ways in which applied anthropologists might
work and generally what they would do - ANSWER-Medical- cultural dimensions of
health, disease, treatment, and care
Developmental- developing a society while keeping with indigenous models while
avoiding stratification and fostering equity, overinnovation and underdifferentiation
Public anthro and cultural resource management (CRM)- salvaging threatened site on
private/public land, and preservation, restoring, and education of protected sites
, What key scientific contributions that set the scene for the acceptance of the
Darwin/Wallace theory of evolution by natural selection? - ANSWER-Aristotle, Lamarck,
Galileo
What were some of the major obstacles to evolutionary thought? In general, how were
they overcome? - ANSWER-Uniformitarianism- Earth's position in the universe
Fixity of species-humans outside the natural order
Know the three components of evolution by natural selection - ANSWER-Variability ,
Heritability, Competition
What are the two main components to the Modern Evolutionary Synthesis? - ANSWER-
Mendelian genetics and Darwinian evolution
Be able to define the following terms: DNA, gene, allele, genotype, phenotype -
ANSWER-DNA- what genes are made of
Gene- section of DNA with identifiable structure or function
Allele- alternative forms of gene found at same place on chromosome
Genotype- genes in a population
Phenotype- appearance of individual
What are the three main functions of DNA? - ANSWER-(1) Protein Synthesis
(2) Cellular Replication
(3) Regulation of other DNA
Be able to name at least three sub-specializations within biological anthropology -
ANSWER-Primatology, Paleoanthropology, Skeletal Biology
Be able to explain why evolution does not operate as simple linear "progress" from a
"lesser" form a "better" form - ANSWER-Branching
Be able to provide a human example of microevolution, and know which mechanisms
were involved - ANSWER-Sickle cell for malaria
Mutation and gene flow
How does the cultural construct of "race" differ from the biological concept of human
variation? - ANSWER-Race is defined by differences in outwards appearance but there
is little difference genetically
Why can it be either useful or dangerous to study human biological variation? -
ANSWER-The question of eugenics and intervention in genetics appears
In what ways do human populations vary and what are some adaptive explanations for
them? - ANSWER-Vary phenotypically
Light and dark skin adapted from trying to balance vitamin B folate and vitamin D in
blood based on exposure to sun in their specific environment
