Chapterg1:gDNAgStructuregandgFunction
MultiplegChoice
Identifygthegchoicegthatgbestgcompletesgthegstatementgorganswersgthegquestion.
1. Ingwhichgbodygorgcellgareagaregmostggenesginghumansglocated?
A. Nucleus
B. Mitochondrion
C. Cytoplasm
D. Plasmagmembrane
2. Whichgconditiongorgstatementgexemplifiesgthegconceptgofggenomicsgrathergthanggenetics?
A. Theggenegforginsulingisglocatedgongchromosomeg11gingallgpeople.
B. Expressiongofganygsingleggenegisgdependentgonginheritinggtwogalleles.
C. Sex-linkedgrecessivegdisordersgaffectgmalesgmoregoftengthangfemales.
D. Onegallelegforgeachggenegisginheritedgfromgthegmother,gandgonegisginheritedgfromgth
egfather.
3. WhatgisgthegpurposegofgphosphorousgingagDNAgstrand?
A. Linkinggthegnucleotidesgintogagstrand
B. Holdinggcomplementarygstrandsgtogether
C. Ensuringgthatgagpurinegisgalwaysgpairedgwithgagpyrimidine
D. Preventinggthegseparationgofgdouble-strandedgDNAgintogsingle-strandedgDNA
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4. Whatgisgthegtermgusedgtogdefinegalternativegformsgofgaggenegthatgmaygresultgingdifferentgexpressiongof
thegtraitgcodedgforgbygthatggene?
A. Alleles
B. Bases
C. Centromeres
D. Diploids
5. Whatgpercentagegofgbasesgingagstretchgofgdouble-
strandedgDNAgthatgcontainsg30%gguanineg(G)gbasesgwouldgbegadenineg(A)?
A. 70%
B. 60%
C. 30%
D. 20%
6. Whatgisgthegtermgusedgtogdescribegthegorganizedgpicturegofgthegpairedgchromosomesgwithingagcellgus
edgtogdeterminegwhethergchromosomegnumbers,gstructures,gandgbandinggpatternsgaregnormal?
A. Pedigree
B. Phenotype
C. Karyotype
D. Autotype
7. WhatgwouldgbegthegsequencegofgDNAgthatgisgcomplementarygtogagDNAgsectiongwithgthegba
segsequencegofgGGTCAATCCTTAG?
A. GATTCCTAACTGG
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, B.g TTGACCGAAGGCT
C.g AACTGGCTTCCGA
D.g CCAGTTAGGAATC
g 8. Whichgofgthesegcomplementarygbasegpairsgformgthegstrongestgorg“tightest”gassociation?
A.g Adeninegandgthymine
B.g Cytosinegandgguanine
C.g Guaninegandgthymine
D.g Cytosinegandgadenine
g 9. WhatgactivitygoccursgduringgMgphasegofgthegcellgcycle?
A.g Thegcellgundergoesgcytokinesis.
B.g Activitygstops,gandgthegcellg“sleeps.”
C.g AllgDNAgisgcompletelygreplicated.
D.g Thegcellggreatlygincreasesgproteingsynthesis.
g 10. Whichgchromosomegnumbergrepresentsgthegeuploidgstategforgnormalghumangsomaticgcells
?
A.g 44
B.g 46
C.g 47
D.g 48
g 11. Howgdoesgthegproteomegdiffergfromgtheggenome?
A.g Thegproteomegchangesgingresponsegtogintracellulargandgextracellulargsignals.
B. Theg genomeg changesg ing respoGnR
seAtD
o gE
inStrM
acOeR
lluEla.rCaO
ndMextracellular g signals.
C. Thegproteomegisgstablegingsomaticgcellsgandgunstableginggermgcells,gwhereasgthe
genomegisgstablegingbothgsomaticgcellsgandggermgcells.
D.g Theggenomegisgstablegingsomaticgcellsgandgunstableginggermgcells,gwhereasgthe
proteomegisgstablegingbothgsomaticgcellsgandggermgcells.
g 12. Whatgisgthegmostgoutstandinggfeaturegofgagmatureghaploidgcell?
A.g Itgisgusuallyghomozygous.
B.g Thegsexgchromosomesgaregmissing.
C.g Onlygonegchromosomegofgeachgpairgisgpresent.
D.g DNAgsynthesisgoccursgaftergmitosisginsteadgofgbefore.
g 13. Atgwhatgphasegofgthegcellgcyclegaregchromosomesgvisiblegasgseparategstructures?
A.g G1
B.g G2
C.g S
D.g M
g 14. WhichgstatementgaboutgthegcellgcyclegphasegofgG0g isgtrue?
A.g Hyperplasticggrowthgingplacegofghypertrophicggrowth
B.g Performancegofgspecificgdifferentiatedgfunctions
C.g Initiationgandgcompletiongofgnucleokinesis
D.g ReplicationgofgDNA
g 15. WhatgisgthegresultgofgnormalgDNAgreplication?
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, A. Formationgofgtwognewgdaughtergcells
B. FormationgofgtwogidenticalgsetsgofgDNA
C. Disappearancegofgthegoriginalgparentgcell
D. Activationgandgattachmentgofgspindlegfibers
g
16. Whichgstatementgregardinggchromosomegstructuregorgfunctiongisgtrue?
A. Thegchromatidsgofganygsinglegchromosomegaregknowngasg“sistergchromatids.”
B. Theggenesglocatedgongthegtelomeresgofgchromosomesgaregidenticalgtogtheggenesgi
ngthegcentromeres.
C. Immediatelygbeforegthegmitosisgphasegofgcellgdivision,gthegchromosomesgofgal
lgsomaticgcellsgareghaploid.
D. Agspecificggenegallelegongonegchromosomeghasgagcomplementarygallelegongthegoth
ergchromosomegofgagpair.
g
17. Whygdoesgagpersongwithgnormalgchromosomesgonlyghavegtwogallelesgforganygsingleggenegtrait
?
A. Agminimumgofgtwogallelesgisgrequiredgforgthegexpressiongofgmonogenicgtraits.
B. Whengagdominantgallelegisgpairedgwithgagrecessivegallele,gonlygthegdominantgalleleg
isgexpressed,gandgthegrecessivegallelegisgsilent.
C.g Onegallelegforgthegmonogenicgtraitgisgongthegpaternallygderivedgchromosome,gandgt
hegothergallelegisgongthegmaternallygderivedgchromosome.
D.g Expressiongofgmoregthangtwogallelesgofganygsingle-
genegtraitgresultsgingenhancedgexpressiongofgrecessivegallelesgandgsuppressedgexpr
essiongofgdominantgalleles.
g g 18.g gUndergwhatgnormalgconditiongareggenotypegandgphenotypegalwaysgthegsame?
A.g Euploidygofgalleles GRADESMORE.COM
B.g Aneuploidygofgalleles
C.g Homozygositygofgalleles
D.g Heterozygositygofgallele
s
g 19.g WhatgwouldgbegthegexpectedgresultgofgagdruggthatgaffectedgagparticulargtissuegbygcausinggnewgDNAg
togformgwithgcovalentgbondsginsteadgofghydrogengbonds?
A.g NonegofgthegcellsgingthegaffectedgtissuegwouldgbegablegtogleavegG0g andgentergthegc
ellgcycle.
B.g ReplicationgofgDNAgwouldgresultgingidenticalgDNAgstrandsginsteadgofgcomplemen
tarygstrands.
C.g Mitosisgofgcellsgingthegtissuegwouldgresultgingthegproductiongofgthreegnewgdaughter
gcellsginsteadgofgjust gtwo.
D.g Thegnewgcellsgthatgformedgwithingthisgtissuegwouldgnotgbegablegtogcompletegthegnextgro
undgofgmitosisgsuccessfully.
g 20. HowgdoesgthegDNAgenzymegtopoisomerasegcontributegtogDNAgreplication?
A.g Unwindsgthegdoubleghelixgandgseparatesgthegdouble-strandedgDNA
B.g Createsgag“nick”gingthegDNAgsupercoils,gallowinggthemgtogstraightengbefore
replication
C.g InitiatesgDNAgsynthesisgingmultiplegsitesgdowngthegstrand,gmakinggthegprocessgmor
e
efficient
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, D.g ConnectsgandglinksgthegindividualgpiecesgofgnewlygsynthesizedgDNAgtogformga
singlegstrand
g
21. Where gisgtelomericgDNAglocated?
A. Atgthegtipsgofgthegpgandgqgarmsgofgchromosomes.
B. Ingthegmitochondriagofgallgsomaticgcells
C. Onlygingtheggermgcellsg(ovagandgsperm)
D. Withingtheghistonesgofgthegsolenoid
g
22. Whatgisgthegpurposegofgagchromosomegcentromere?
A. Connectinggsistergchromatidsgtogformgagchromosome
B. Preventinggthegchromosomegarmgtipsgfromgunraveling
C. AllowinggchromatidsgtogseparategduringgDNAgreplication
D. EnsuringgthatgDNAgreplicationgproceedsgonlygingtheg3'-to-5'gdirection
g
23. Whichggeneticgprocessgwouldgbegdisruptedgingonegcellgifgitgcouldgnotgformgchromosomes?
A. DNAgreplication
B. Gene-directedgproteingsynthesis
C. Deliverygofggeneticginformationgtognewgcells
D. Conversiongofgagnucleosidegintogagnucleotide
g
24. WhatgaregthegexpectedgexpressedgbloodgtypesgofgchildrengborngtogagmothergwhogisgB/Ogforgbloodgtyp
egandgagfathergwhogisgA/Bgforgbloodgtype?
A. 25%gA,g25%gB,g25%gO,g25%gAB
B. 25%gA,g50%gB,g0%gO,g25%gAB
C. 50%gA,g25%gB,g25%gO,g0%gAB
D. 50%gA,g25%gB,g0%gO,g25%gA B
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g
25. Agperson’sgkaryotypegshowsg44gautosomesgandgonegXgchromosome.gWhatgisgthegbestginterpretationgo
f
thisgkaryotype?
A. Thegkaryotypegisganeuploid,gandgthegindividualghasgonlygonegallelegforgeachgofgth
eggenesgongthegXgchromosome.
B. Thegkaryotypegisganeuploid,gandgthegindividualgisgexperiencinggthegpathologi
cgconditiongofghaploidy.
C. Thegkaryotypegisgeuploid,gmakinggthegindividualgaggenotypicgfemalegandg
agphenotypicgmale.
D. Thegkaryotypegisgeuploid,gmakinggthegindividualgaggenotypicgmalegandg
agphenotypicgfemale.
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MultiplegChoice
Identifygthegchoicegthatgbestgcompletesgthegstatementgorganswersgthegquestion.
1. Ingwhichgbodygorgcellgareagaregmostggenesginghumansglocated?
A. Nucleus
B. Mitochondrion
C. Cytoplasm
D. Plasmagmembrane
2. Whichgconditiongorgstatementgexemplifiesgthegconceptgofggenomicsgrathergthanggenetics?
A. Theggenegforginsulingisglocatedgongchromosomeg11gingallgpeople.
B. Expressiongofganygsingleggenegisgdependentgonginheritinggtwogalleles.
C. Sex-linkedgrecessivegdisordersgaffectgmalesgmoregoftengthangfemales.
D. Onegallelegforgeachggenegisginheritedgfromgthegmother,gandgonegisginheritedgfromgth
egfather.
3. WhatgisgthegpurposegofgphosphorousgingagDNAgstrand?
A. Linkinggthegnucleotidesgintogagstrand
B. Holdinggcomplementarygstrandsgtogether
C. Ensuringgthatgagpurinegisgalwaysgpairedgwithgagpyrimidine
D. Preventinggthegseparationgofgdouble-strandedgDNAgintogsingle-strandedgDNA
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4. Whatgisgthegtermgusedgtogdefinegalternativegformsgofgaggenegthatgmaygresultgingdifferentgexpressiongof
thegtraitgcodedgforgbygthatggene?
A. Alleles
B. Bases
C. Centromeres
D. Diploids
5. Whatgpercentagegofgbasesgingagstretchgofgdouble-
strandedgDNAgthatgcontainsg30%gguanineg(G)gbasesgwouldgbegadenineg(A)?
A. 70%
B. 60%
C. 30%
D. 20%
6. Whatgisgthegtermgusedgtogdescribegthegorganizedgpicturegofgthegpairedgchromosomesgwithingagcellgus
edgtogdeterminegwhethergchromosomegnumbers,gstructures,gandgbandinggpatternsgaregnormal?
A. Pedigree
B. Phenotype
C. Karyotype
D. Autotype
7. WhatgwouldgbegthegsequencegofgDNAgthatgisgcomplementarygtogagDNAgsectiongwithgthegba
segsequencegofgGGTCAATCCTTAG?
A. GATTCCTAACTGG
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, B.g TTGACCGAAGGCT
C.g AACTGGCTTCCGA
D.g CCAGTTAGGAATC
g 8. Whichgofgthesegcomplementarygbasegpairsgformgthegstrongestgorg“tightest”gassociation?
A.g Adeninegandgthymine
B.g Cytosinegandgguanine
C.g Guaninegandgthymine
D.g Cytosinegandgadenine
g 9. WhatgactivitygoccursgduringgMgphasegofgthegcellgcycle?
A.g Thegcellgundergoesgcytokinesis.
B.g Activitygstops,gandgthegcellg“sleeps.”
C.g AllgDNAgisgcompletelygreplicated.
D.g Thegcellggreatlygincreasesgproteingsynthesis.
g 10. Whichgchromosomegnumbergrepresentsgthegeuploidgstategforgnormalghumangsomaticgcells
?
A.g 44
B.g 46
C.g 47
D.g 48
g 11. Howgdoesgthegproteomegdiffergfromgtheggenome?
A.g Thegproteomegchangesgingresponsegtogintracellulargandgextracellulargsignals.
B. Theg genomeg changesg ing respoGnR
seAtD
o gE
inStrM
acOeR
lluEla.rCaO
ndMextracellular g signals.
C. Thegproteomegisgstablegingsomaticgcellsgandgunstableginggermgcells,gwhereasgthe
genomegisgstablegingbothgsomaticgcellsgandggermgcells.
D.g Theggenomegisgstablegingsomaticgcellsgandgunstableginggermgcells,gwhereasgthe
proteomegisgstablegingbothgsomaticgcellsgandggermgcells.
g 12. Whatgisgthegmostgoutstandinggfeaturegofgagmatureghaploidgcell?
A.g Itgisgusuallyghomozygous.
B.g Thegsexgchromosomesgaregmissing.
C.g Onlygonegchromosomegofgeachgpairgisgpresent.
D.g DNAgsynthesisgoccursgaftergmitosisginsteadgofgbefore.
g 13. Atgwhatgphasegofgthegcellgcyclegaregchromosomesgvisiblegasgseparategstructures?
A.g G1
B.g G2
C.g S
D.g M
g 14. WhichgstatementgaboutgthegcellgcyclegphasegofgG0g isgtrue?
A.g Hyperplasticggrowthgingplacegofghypertrophicggrowth
B.g Performancegofgspecificgdifferentiatedgfunctions
C.g Initiationgandgcompletiongofgnucleokinesis
D.g ReplicationgofgDNA
g 15. WhatgisgthegresultgofgnormalgDNAgreplication?
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, A. Formationgofgtwognewgdaughtergcells
B. FormationgofgtwogidenticalgsetsgofgDNA
C. Disappearancegofgthegoriginalgparentgcell
D. Activationgandgattachmentgofgspindlegfibers
g
16. Whichgstatementgregardinggchromosomegstructuregorgfunctiongisgtrue?
A. Thegchromatidsgofganygsinglegchromosomegaregknowngasg“sistergchromatids.”
B. Theggenesglocatedgongthegtelomeresgofgchromosomesgaregidenticalgtogtheggenesgi
ngthegcentromeres.
C. Immediatelygbeforegthegmitosisgphasegofgcellgdivision,gthegchromosomesgofgal
lgsomaticgcellsgareghaploid.
D. Agspecificggenegallelegongonegchromosomeghasgagcomplementarygallelegongthegoth
ergchromosomegofgagpair.
g
17. Whygdoesgagpersongwithgnormalgchromosomesgonlyghavegtwogallelesgforganygsingleggenegtrait
?
A. Agminimumgofgtwogallelesgisgrequiredgforgthegexpressiongofgmonogenicgtraits.
B. Whengagdominantgallelegisgpairedgwithgagrecessivegallele,gonlygthegdominantgalleleg
isgexpressed,gandgthegrecessivegallelegisgsilent.
C.g Onegallelegforgthegmonogenicgtraitgisgongthegpaternallygderivedgchromosome,gandgt
hegothergallelegisgongthegmaternallygderivedgchromosome.
D.g Expressiongofgmoregthangtwogallelesgofganygsingle-
genegtraitgresultsgingenhancedgexpressiongofgrecessivegallelesgandgsuppressedgexpr
essiongofgdominantgalleles.
g g 18.g gUndergwhatgnormalgconditiongareggenotypegandgphenotypegalwaysgthegsame?
A.g Euploidygofgalleles GRADESMORE.COM
B.g Aneuploidygofgalleles
C.g Homozygositygofgalleles
D.g Heterozygositygofgallele
s
g 19.g WhatgwouldgbegthegexpectedgresultgofgagdruggthatgaffectedgagparticulargtissuegbygcausinggnewgDNAg
togformgwithgcovalentgbondsginsteadgofghydrogengbonds?
A.g NonegofgthegcellsgingthegaffectedgtissuegwouldgbegablegtogleavegG0g andgentergthegc
ellgcycle.
B.g ReplicationgofgDNAgwouldgresultgingidenticalgDNAgstrandsginsteadgofgcomplemen
tarygstrands.
C.g Mitosisgofgcellsgingthegtissuegwouldgresultgingthegproductiongofgthreegnewgdaughter
gcellsginsteadgofgjust gtwo.
D.g Thegnewgcellsgthatgformedgwithingthisgtissuegwouldgnotgbegablegtogcompletegthegnextgro
undgofgmitosisgsuccessfully.
g 20. HowgdoesgthegDNAgenzymegtopoisomerasegcontributegtogDNAgreplication?
A.g Unwindsgthegdoubleghelixgandgseparatesgthegdouble-strandedgDNA
B.g Createsgag“nick”gingthegDNAgsupercoils,gallowinggthemgtogstraightengbefore
replication
C.g InitiatesgDNAgsynthesisgingmultiplegsitesgdowngthegstrand,gmakinggthegprocessgmor
e
efficient
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, D.g ConnectsgandglinksgthegindividualgpiecesgofgnewlygsynthesizedgDNAgtogformga
singlegstrand
g
21. Where gisgtelomericgDNAglocated?
A. Atgthegtipsgofgthegpgandgqgarmsgofgchromosomes.
B. Ingthegmitochondriagofgallgsomaticgcells
C. Onlygingtheggermgcellsg(ovagandgsperm)
D. Withingtheghistonesgofgthegsolenoid
g
22. Whatgisgthegpurposegofgagchromosomegcentromere?
A. Connectinggsistergchromatidsgtogformgagchromosome
B. Preventinggthegchromosomegarmgtipsgfromgunraveling
C. AllowinggchromatidsgtogseparategduringgDNAgreplication
D. EnsuringgthatgDNAgreplicationgproceedsgonlygingtheg3'-to-5'gdirection
g
23. Whichggeneticgprocessgwouldgbegdisruptedgingonegcellgifgitgcouldgnotgformgchromosomes?
A. DNAgreplication
B. Gene-directedgproteingsynthesis
C. Deliverygofggeneticginformationgtognewgcells
D. Conversiongofgagnucleosidegintogagnucleotide
g
24. WhatgaregthegexpectedgexpressedgbloodgtypesgofgchildrengborngtogagmothergwhogisgB/Ogforgbloodgtyp
egandgagfathergwhogisgA/Bgforgbloodgtype?
A. 25%gA,g25%gB,g25%gO,g25%gAB
B. 25%gA,g50%gB,g0%gO,g25%gAB
C. 50%gA,g25%gB,g25%gO,g0%gAB
D. 50%gA,g25%gB,g0%gO,g25%gA B
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g
25. Agperson’sgkaryotypegshowsg44gautosomesgandgonegXgchromosome.gWhatgisgthegbestginterpretationgo
f
thisgkaryotype?
A. Thegkaryotypegisganeuploid,gandgthegindividualghasgonlygonegallelegforgeachgofgth
eggenesgongthegXgchromosome.
B. Thegkaryotypegisganeuploid,gandgthegindividualgisgexperiencinggthegpathologi
cgconditiongofghaploidy.
C. Thegkaryotypegisgeuploid,gmakinggthegindividualgaggenotypicgfemalegandg
agphenotypicgmale.
D. Thegkaryotypegisgeuploid,gmakinggthegindividualgaggenotypicgmalegandg
agphenotypicgfemale.
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