BIOM 3210 FINAL question with answers
What is constructive criticism? - -Identifying strengths and weaknesses,
determining why something is good or poor and helping them improve and
excel. Constructive criticism should be solution oriented
-What is logic? - -The correct or incorrect use of reasoning
-How has creativity been used in the role of science? - -A useful guess allow
predictions to be made about what should happen in nature if the guess
were true, we can then test those ideas!
-How do people tend to think? - --tend to believe what they want to believe
-tend to generalize from a single event
-rarely examine the evidence and then form a conclusion
-generally want to believe that things re simple rather than complex
-mereley a recognition that people tend to think subjectively rather than
objectively
-What is the difference between an objective and a subjective fact? - -
Objective: things and events that can be independently measured or
observed
Subjective: feelings, preferences and ideas, limited to the person
experiencing it and cannot be indenendently measured
-TF: details about subjective facts reveal the state of the world - -FALSE:
they reveal the state of a person mind
-What is ambiguous language? - -vagueness
-T/F: argument= disagreement - -FALSE
-What is an argument? - -A claim supported by other claims
-What is the typical form an argument follow? - -Since, (premise)
And (premise)
And (Premise)
And (rebuttal premise)
Therefore (conclusion)
-What are the 5 criteria for a good argument? - -Structure
Relevance
Acceptability
, Rebuttal
Sufficiency
-What is a fallacy? - -A fallacy is an argument based on an error of
reasoning?
-What are some characteristics of a fallacy? - --lack proper structure
-may contain irrelevant premises
-they contain false/doubtful/unreasonable premises
-may not provide enough premises to support the conclusion
-may fail to address important contradictory alternatives
-What is the post hoc fallacy? - -A occurred then B occurred therefore A
caused B to happen
-what is he appeal to tradition fallacy? - -Appealing to feelings of relevance
or respect for a tradition instead of evidence, especially when there is some
more important principle or issue at risk
-What is this an example of:
VIrginia Military Institute should never have allowed women to enrol. Ever
since Stonewall Jackson has been an all male school. My father graduated
from there and went on to fight and die in Korea. He would turn over in his
grave if..." - -Appeal to Tradition
-What is the appeal to popular opinion fallacy? - -Lots of people believe it so
it must be true
-what is this an example of:
50% of americans would be unhappy if a family member married an
athesiest, therefore atheists must be bad people - -popular opinion appeal
-What is this an example of:
Millions of people believe hat global warming is a hoax, therefore there must
be some truth to it - -appeal to popular opinion
-What is Ad hominem: Poisoning the well - -Preemptively presenting
irrelevant info about an individual in an attempt to discredit their ideas
before they are even stated.
Relies sometimes on factual but unimportant characteristic of the opposing
individual to discredit his or her argument, usually before they have a
chance to present it
-what is this an example of?
What is constructive criticism? - -Identifying strengths and weaknesses,
determining why something is good or poor and helping them improve and
excel. Constructive criticism should be solution oriented
-What is logic? - -The correct or incorrect use of reasoning
-How has creativity been used in the role of science? - -A useful guess allow
predictions to be made about what should happen in nature if the guess
were true, we can then test those ideas!
-How do people tend to think? - --tend to believe what they want to believe
-tend to generalize from a single event
-rarely examine the evidence and then form a conclusion
-generally want to believe that things re simple rather than complex
-mereley a recognition that people tend to think subjectively rather than
objectively
-What is the difference between an objective and a subjective fact? - -
Objective: things and events that can be independently measured or
observed
Subjective: feelings, preferences and ideas, limited to the person
experiencing it and cannot be indenendently measured
-TF: details about subjective facts reveal the state of the world - -FALSE:
they reveal the state of a person mind
-What is ambiguous language? - -vagueness
-T/F: argument= disagreement - -FALSE
-What is an argument? - -A claim supported by other claims
-What is the typical form an argument follow? - -Since, (premise)
And (premise)
And (Premise)
And (rebuttal premise)
Therefore (conclusion)
-What are the 5 criteria for a good argument? - -Structure
Relevance
Acceptability
, Rebuttal
Sufficiency
-What is a fallacy? - -A fallacy is an argument based on an error of
reasoning?
-What are some characteristics of a fallacy? - --lack proper structure
-may contain irrelevant premises
-they contain false/doubtful/unreasonable premises
-may not provide enough premises to support the conclusion
-may fail to address important contradictory alternatives
-What is the post hoc fallacy? - -A occurred then B occurred therefore A
caused B to happen
-what is he appeal to tradition fallacy? - -Appealing to feelings of relevance
or respect for a tradition instead of evidence, especially when there is some
more important principle or issue at risk
-What is this an example of:
VIrginia Military Institute should never have allowed women to enrol. Ever
since Stonewall Jackson has been an all male school. My father graduated
from there and went on to fight and die in Korea. He would turn over in his
grave if..." - -Appeal to Tradition
-What is the appeal to popular opinion fallacy? - -Lots of people believe it so
it must be true
-what is this an example of:
50% of americans would be unhappy if a family member married an
athesiest, therefore atheists must be bad people - -popular opinion appeal
-What is this an example of:
Millions of people believe hat global warming is a hoax, therefore there must
be some truth to it - -appeal to popular opinion
-What is Ad hominem: Poisoning the well - -Preemptively presenting
irrelevant info about an individual in an attempt to discredit their ideas
before they are even stated.
Relies sometimes on factual but unimportant characteristic of the opposing
individual to discredit his or her argument, usually before they have a
chance to present it
-what is this an example of?
