Pharmacology| Questions&Answers 100% |
2025-2026 Latest Update
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pseudo-parkinsonism s/s
stooped posture, rigidity, tremors at rest, shuffling gait, bradykinesia, pill rolling (occurs over
weeks-months)
pseudo-parkinsonism treatment
taper off med, difenhydramine, benzarpine
acute dystonia s/s
face/tongue/neck/back spasms, facial grimace, involuntary eye movement, laryngeal spasms
(occurs over days-weeks)
acute dystonia treatment
taper off med, difenhydramine, benzarpine, benzodiazepines (if severe)
akathisia s/s
contant moving (pacing) (occurs over days)
akathisia treatment
taper off med, benzodiazepine
tarditive dyskinesia s/s
protrusion/rolling of tongue, chewing action (occurs after year or more)
tarditive dyskinesia treatment
taper off med, can be permanent
neuroleptic malignant syndrome s/s
altered mental status, seizures, muscle rigidity, sudden high fever, BP fluctuations, tachycardia,
dysrhythmias, acute renal failure, respiratory failure, coma
neuroleptic malignant syndrome treatment
immediate med withdrawal, hydration, hypothermic blanket, antipyretics, benzodiazepines,
muscle relaxants (dartrolene)
fluphenazine indications
+ symptoms of schizophrenia
, fluphenazine MOA
block dopamine receptors, strong D2 affinity
fluphenazine contraindications
cns depression, liver/kidney disease, uncontrolled epilepsy
fluphenazine interactions
- cns dep + alcohol - increased depression
- kava - increased eps
- tramadol - increased seizures
fluphenazine adverse effects
sedation, weight gain, anticholinergic, eps, nms
haloperidol indications
acute/chronic psychoses, dementia, schizophrenia, tourettes
haloperidol MOA
block dopamine receptors + high D2 affinity
haloperidol contraindications
glaucoma, sedation, severe liver/kidney/cardiovascular disease, blood dyscarias
haloperidol interactions
- cns dep + alcohol - increased sedation
- anticholinergics - increased toxicity
- phenobarbital, carbamazine, caffeine - decreased effects
- tramadol - increased seizures
haloperidol adverse effects
sedation, anticholinergic, eps, nms, seizures
haloperidol nursing considerations
give for acute events dealing w agitation
anticholinergic s/s
dry mouth, blurred vision, photosensitivity, constipation, urinary retention
clozapine
- severely ill schizophrenia pt intolerant of typical
- blocks dopamine but mostly D4
aripiprazole
2025-2026 Latest Update
_____________________________________________________________________________________
pseudo-parkinsonism s/s
stooped posture, rigidity, tremors at rest, shuffling gait, bradykinesia, pill rolling (occurs over
weeks-months)
pseudo-parkinsonism treatment
taper off med, difenhydramine, benzarpine
acute dystonia s/s
face/tongue/neck/back spasms, facial grimace, involuntary eye movement, laryngeal spasms
(occurs over days-weeks)
acute dystonia treatment
taper off med, difenhydramine, benzarpine, benzodiazepines (if severe)
akathisia s/s
contant moving (pacing) (occurs over days)
akathisia treatment
taper off med, benzodiazepine
tarditive dyskinesia s/s
protrusion/rolling of tongue, chewing action (occurs after year or more)
tarditive dyskinesia treatment
taper off med, can be permanent
neuroleptic malignant syndrome s/s
altered mental status, seizures, muscle rigidity, sudden high fever, BP fluctuations, tachycardia,
dysrhythmias, acute renal failure, respiratory failure, coma
neuroleptic malignant syndrome treatment
immediate med withdrawal, hydration, hypothermic blanket, antipyretics, benzodiazepines,
muscle relaxants (dartrolene)
fluphenazine indications
+ symptoms of schizophrenia
, fluphenazine MOA
block dopamine receptors, strong D2 affinity
fluphenazine contraindications
cns depression, liver/kidney disease, uncontrolled epilepsy
fluphenazine interactions
- cns dep + alcohol - increased depression
- kava - increased eps
- tramadol - increased seizures
fluphenazine adverse effects
sedation, weight gain, anticholinergic, eps, nms
haloperidol indications
acute/chronic psychoses, dementia, schizophrenia, tourettes
haloperidol MOA
block dopamine receptors + high D2 affinity
haloperidol contraindications
glaucoma, sedation, severe liver/kidney/cardiovascular disease, blood dyscarias
haloperidol interactions
- cns dep + alcohol - increased sedation
- anticholinergics - increased toxicity
- phenobarbital, carbamazine, caffeine - decreased effects
- tramadol - increased seizures
haloperidol adverse effects
sedation, anticholinergic, eps, nms, seizures
haloperidol nursing considerations
give for acute events dealing w agitation
anticholinergic s/s
dry mouth, blurred vision, photosensitivity, constipation, urinary retention
clozapine
- severely ill schizophrenia pt intolerant of typical
- blocks dopamine but mostly D4
aripiprazole
