BIOS 255 Exam 1 Anatomy and Physiology III
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_fj0380
1. Describe the functions of the following hormones:
Aldosterone
Erythropoietin
Antidiuretic hormone
Angiotensin II
Epinephrine: Aldosterone - help kidneys to control the amount of salt in the blood
and tissues of the body.
Erythropoietin - stimulate red blood cell production.
Antidiuretic - to conserve water by decreasing urine formation.
Epinephrine - is a very fast acting hormone that prepares our body for emergency
action—also called the fight or flight reflex
2. Identify the function of the following cells:
Neutrophil
platelet
lymphocyte
basophil
erythrocyte: neutrophil - destroy bacteria and fight infection
platelet - blood clotting and stopping bleeding when blood vessels are damaged,
which is also called hemostasis.
lymphocyte - destroying abnormal cells when they appear in peripheral tissues. They
recognize bacteria, viruses, cancer cells and foreign cells.
basophil - goes up when there is an allergic reaction/defends your body from
allergens.
erythrocyte - deliver oxygen to all cells and tissues throughout the body
3. Blood Typing - Recommended Figure 18.14 in Saladdin textbook: ...
4. Describe the functions of ferritin, transferrin, hemoglobin and myoglobin: -
ferritin - binds iron and prevents it from entering the bloodstream
transferrin - binds to free Iron and transports it in the blood to other cells
hemoglobin - carry oxygen from the lungs via arteries to the body tissues and
transport of carbon dioxide back to the lungs through the veins.
1/5
, BIOS 255 Exam 1 Anatomy and Physiology III
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_fj0380
myoglobin - It "stores" oxygen there for use at times of high metabolic demand.
5. Understand the phases of the cardiac cycle : Recommended figure 19.20 (
ECG): ...
6. List the different types of anemia and understand the cause of each type: -
Iron-deficiency anemia: This type of anemia is caused by a lack of iron in the diet,
poor absorption of iron from the gut, or blood loss from menstruation or injury.
Vitamin-deficiency anemia: This type of anemia is caused by a deficiency of vitamins
B12 or folic acid, which are necessary for the production of red blood cells.
Hemolytic anemia: This type of anemia occurs when red blood cells are destroyed
more quickly than they can be produced, often due to a genetic condition or
autoimmune disorder.
Aplastic anemia: This type of anemia is characterized by a decrease in the number of
red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets due to damage to the bone marrow.
Sickle cell anemia: This type of anemia is caused by a genetic mutation that leads
to the production of abnormal hemoglobin, causing red blood cells to become
sickle-shaped and break down easily.
Pernicious anemia: This type of anemia is caused by a lack of vitamin B12, which can
occur due to a lack of intrinsic factor, a protein necessary for vitamin B12 absorption.
7. Refractory period in the action potential of cardiac muscle cells.: After an
action potential initiates, the cardiac cell is unable to initiate another action potential
for some duration of time. This period of time is referred to as the refractory period,
which is 250ms in duration and helps to protect the heart.
8. Describe the functions of the following:
synovial fluid
pleural fluid
pericardial fluid: synovial fluid - reduce friction between the articular cartilages of
synovial joints during movement
pleural fluid - It prevents friction between the lungs and the chest cavity during
respiration.
pericardial fluid - It lubricates the heart, allowing the heart to beat in a relatively
frictionless environment
2/5
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_fj0380
1. Describe the functions of the following hormones:
Aldosterone
Erythropoietin
Antidiuretic hormone
Angiotensin II
Epinephrine: Aldosterone - help kidneys to control the amount of salt in the blood
and tissues of the body.
Erythropoietin - stimulate red blood cell production.
Antidiuretic - to conserve water by decreasing urine formation.
Epinephrine - is a very fast acting hormone that prepares our body for emergency
action—also called the fight or flight reflex
2. Identify the function of the following cells:
Neutrophil
platelet
lymphocyte
basophil
erythrocyte: neutrophil - destroy bacteria and fight infection
platelet - blood clotting and stopping bleeding when blood vessels are damaged,
which is also called hemostasis.
lymphocyte - destroying abnormal cells when they appear in peripheral tissues. They
recognize bacteria, viruses, cancer cells and foreign cells.
basophil - goes up when there is an allergic reaction/defends your body from
allergens.
erythrocyte - deliver oxygen to all cells and tissues throughout the body
3. Blood Typing - Recommended Figure 18.14 in Saladdin textbook: ...
4. Describe the functions of ferritin, transferrin, hemoglobin and myoglobin: -
ferritin - binds iron and prevents it from entering the bloodstream
transferrin - binds to free Iron and transports it in the blood to other cells
hemoglobin - carry oxygen from the lungs via arteries to the body tissues and
transport of carbon dioxide back to the lungs through the veins.
1/5
, BIOS 255 Exam 1 Anatomy and Physiology III
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_fj0380
myoglobin - It "stores" oxygen there for use at times of high metabolic demand.
5. Understand the phases of the cardiac cycle : Recommended figure 19.20 (
ECG): ...
6. List the different types of anemia and understand the cause of each type: -
Iron-deficiency anemia: This type of anemia is caused by a lack of iron in the diet,
poor absorption of iron from the gut, or blood loss from menstruation or injury.
Vitamin-deficiency anemia: This type of anemia is caused by a deficiency of vitamins
B12 or folic acid, which are necessary for the production of red blood cells.
Hemolytic anemia: This type of anemia occurs when red blood cells are destroyed
more quickly than they can be produced, often due to a genetic condition or
autoimmune disorder.
Aplastic anemia: This type of anemia is characterized by a decrease in the number of
red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets due to damage to the bone marrow.
Sickle cell anemia: This type of anemia is caused by a genetic mutation that leads
to the production of abnormal hemoglobin, causing red blood cells to become
sickle-shaped and break down easily.
Pernicious anemia: This type of anemia is caused by a lack of vitamin B12, which can
occur due to a lack of intrinsic factor, a protein necessary for vitamin B12 absorption.
7. Refractory period in the action potential of cardiac muscle cells.: After an
action potential initiates, the cardiac cell is unable to initiate another action potential
for some duration of time. This period of time is referred to as the refractory period,
which is 250ms in duration and helps to protect the heart.
8. Describe the functions of the following:
synovial fluid
pleural fluid
pericardial fluid: synovial fluid - reduce friction between the articular cartilages of
synovial joints during movement
pleural fluid - It prevents friction between the lungs and the chest cavity during
respiration.
pericardial fluid - It lubricates the heart, allowing the heart to beat in a relatively
frictionless environment
2/5
