TESTgBANKgHumangMemoryg4thgEditiongbygGabrielgRadvansky
Chapterg1:gOverviewgandgHistory
1. Agrelativelygpermanentgrecordgofgangexperiencegisgthegessencegof .
a) behavioralgpotential
b) learning
c) memoryg*
d) performance
2. Whichgisgnotgagwaygthatgthegtermg“memory”gisgusedgbygpsychologists?
a) asgagunitgofganalysisg*
b) asgagstoragegmechanism
c) asgagprocess
d) asgagrecord
3. Memorygis .
a) agstoragegfacility
b) thegresultgofgexperience
c) agprocess
d) allgofgthegaboveg*
4. WhichgisgNOTgagwaygthatgthegtermgmemorygisgused?
a) angitemgthatgholdsgthegcontentsgofgpreviousgexperiences
b) aglocationgwhereginformationgisgkept
c) mentalgprocessesginvolvedgingacquiring,gstoring,gorgretrievingginformation
d) agperfectgreplicationgofgeventsg*
5. WhichgofgthegfollowinggisgNOTgangaspectgofglearning?
a) behaviorgpotential
b) maturationg*
c) relativegpermanence
d) experience
6. Learninggis .
a) agrelativelygpermanentgchangegingbehaviorgpotential
b) agprocess
c) thegresultgofgexperience
d) allgofgthegaboveg*
7. Whatgisgaggoodgdefinitiongofglearning?
a) agchangegingthegpotentialgtogaltergbehaviorgasgagconsequencegofgexperienceg*
b) puttingginformationgingthegmemorygstore
c) retaininggcontentsgofgexperience
d) thegmentalgprocessgusedgtogacquire,gstore,gorgretrieveginformation
,8. Angengramgisgtogmemorygas .
a) agkeyboardgisgtogagcomputer
b) agmousegisgtogagcomputer
c) agfilegisgtogagcomputerg*
d) agcentralgprocessinggunitgisgtogagcomputer
9. Whygaregtheregsogmanygmetaphorsgforgmemory?
a) becausegmemorygcannotgbegstudiedgobjectively
b) togdemonstrategthatgallgofgourgmemoriesgaregdifferent
c) becausegwegcannotgobservegmemorygdirectlyg*
d) becausegpeople’sgattitudesgandgopinionsgchangegsogmuchgovergtime
10. Metaphorsgforgmemoryg(likegagrecordergorgorganizedgstorage)garegusedgbecause .
a) theguncomplicatedgnaturegofgmemorygmakesgmetaphorsgeasygtogfind
b) memorygmustgbegobservedgindirectly,gsogmetaphorsgaregusefulgtoolsgforgunderstandin
ggitsgcomplexitiesg*
c) yougcangexercisegyourgmemoryglikegagmuscle,gsogcreatinggnewgmetaphorsgmakesgyo
urgmemorygmoregefficient
d) usingglanguagegasgagmentalgrepresentationgpreventsgmemorygloss
11. Whichgmetaphorgcapturesgthegideagthatgtheregisgangorganizationgtogmemory?
a) cow’sgstomach
b) lockgandgkey
c) videogcamera
d) networkg*
12. Whichgmetaphorgcapturesgthegideagthatginformationgingmemorygcangbegforgotten?
a) leakygbucketg*
b) computer
c) junkgdrawer
d) library
13. Whichgmetaphorgofgmemorygconveysgthegideagthatgmemoriesgaregdiscretegcollectionsg
ofginformation?
a) hiddengobserver
b) computer
c) literacyg*
d) aviary
14. OnegcontributiongofgPlato’sgphilosophygtogworkgongmemorygwasgthegideagthat .
a) differentgimpressionsgvarygingqualityg*
b) memorygisgtiedgexclusivelygtogexperience
c) nogmangisgangisland
d) memoriesgaregstoredgingagcollectivegsubconscious
,15. Aristotle’sglawsgofgassociationgincludegallgofgthegfollowinggEXCEPT .
a) similarity
b) contiguity
c) contrast
d) idealizedgabstractionsg*
16. Aristotle’sglawsgofgassociationgincludegallgofgthegfollowinggEXCEPT .
a) similarity
b) regularityg*
c) contrast
d) contiguity
17. Whogwasgthegseventeenth-
centurygscientist/philosophergwhogdevelopedgagsophisticatedgtheorygofgmemorygbutgnevergfoll
owedgupgongit,gleavinggitgtogfallgintogobscurity,gfurthergdelayinggthegonsetgofgagscientificgstud
ygofgmemory?
a) IsaacgNewton
b) RobertgHookeg*
c) CharlesgDarwin
d) BenjamingFranklin
18. WhatginfluencegdidgDarwinghavegongtheoriesgofgmemory?
a) thegideagthatgmemorygdevelopsgingagpersongthroughgagselectiongprocess
b) thegconceptgthatgmemorygisgdependentgongagcomplexgbrain
c) thegideagthatgmemoryghasgdevelopedgovergtheggenerationsgtogadaptgtogthegdemandsg
ofgthegenvironmentg*
d) none
19. MemorygdevelopmentgingagpersongisgguidedgbyghisgorghergDNA.
a) true
b) false
c) partiallygtrue*
d) true,gexceptgforgcasesgofgbraingdamage
20. Angimportantgconceptgthatgisgheavilygusedgingtheoriesgofgmemorygthatgdevelopedgoutgofgt
hegempiricistgtraditiongis .
a) thegassociationg*
b) adaptationgtogchangesgingthegenvironment
c) thegengram
d) separationgofgmindgandgbody
21. EmpiricistsgsuchgasgAristotlegbelievedgthatgmemorygoperatesgas .
a) associationsgbetweengexperiencesgorgstimulig*
b) agbridgegbetweengperceptionsgandgrationalgabstractionsg(sincegempiricalgobservation
sgaregoftengdistorted)
c) angabstract,gperfectgrealmgwithoutgneedgforgadditionalginquiry
d) thegrationalglinkgbetweengthegmindgandgthegbody
, 22. Angimportantgideagforgmemorygresearchgtakengfromgthegrationalistgtraditiongingphilosophyg
isgthat .
a) thegmindgisgrational
b) everythinggisgexplainablegwithgempiricalgtesting
c) geneticsgisgthegguidegtogunderstandinggmemorygatgitsgbasicglevel
d) thegmindgactivelygconstructsgourginterpretationgofgrealityg*
23. SomethinggdiscoveredgbygEbbinghausgthatgdescribesgagprocessgthatgcangreducegthegeffectsg
ofgforgettinggis .
a) forgettinggcurve
b) overlearningg*
c) learninggcurve
d) savings
24. Ebbinghausgusedgnonsensegsyllablesgtogstudygmemorygbecause .
a) hegwantedgtogstudygmemorygingitsgpuregformg*
b) hegdidgnotghavegothergpeoplegtogtest
c) theygaregeasygtogcreategingGerman
d) hegwantedgangexperimentallygcleangwaygtogassessgpriorgknowledge
25. WhichgofgthegfollowinggisgNOTgagprinciplegofgmemorygdiscoveredgbygEbbinghaus?
a) learninggcurve
b) schemag*
c) savings
d) distributiongofgpractice
26. Whichgofgthegfollowinggimportantgfiguresgingtheghistorygofgmemorygresearchgwasginterestedgi
nghowgpriorgknowledgeginfluencesgmemory?
a) Ebbinghaus
b) Bartlettg*
c) Thorndike
d) Tolman
27. WhatgisgangimportantgconceptgingmemorygdevelopedgbygBartlett?
a) learninggcurve
b) schemag*
c) savings
d) distributiongofgpractice
28. WhatgisgangimportantgdistinctiongingtypesgofgmemorygmadegbygWilliamgJames?
a) memorygstoreghegemony
b) hierarchicalgrotations
c) thegdifferencegbetweengprimarygandgsecondarygmemoryg*
d) thegdifferencegbetweengproceduralgandgdeclarativegmemory
Chapterg1:gOverviewgandgHistory
1. Agrelativelygpermanentgrecordgofgangexperiencegisgthegessencegof .
a) behavioralgpotential
b) learning
c) memoryg*
d) performance
2. Whichgisgnotgagwaygthatgthegtermg“memory”gisgusedgbygpsychologists?
a) asgagunitgofganalysisg*
b) asgagstoragegmechanism
c) asgagprocess
d) asgagrecord
3. Memorygis .
a) agstoragegfacility
b) thegresultgofgexperience
c) agprocess
d) allgofgthegaboveg*
4. WhichgisgNOTgagwaygthatgthegtermgmemorygisgused?
a) angitemgthatgholdsgthegcontentsgofgpreviousgexperiences
b) aglocationgwhereginformationgisgkept
c) mentalgprocessesginvolvedgingacquiring,gstoring,gorgretrievingginformation
d) agperfectgreplicationgofgeventsg*
5. WhichgofgthegfollowinggisgNOTgangaspectgofglearning?
a) behaviorgpotential
b) maturationg*
c) relativegpermanence
d) experience
6. Learninggis .
a) agrelativelygpermanentgchangegingbehaviorgpotential
b) agprocess
c) thegresultgofgexperience
d) allgofgthegaboveg*
7. Whatgisgaggoodgdefinitiongofglearning?
a) agchangegingthegpotentialgtogaltergbehaviorgasgagconsequencegofgexperienceg*
b) puttingginformationgingthegmemorygstore
c) retaininggcontentsgofgexperience
d) thegmentalgprocessgusedgtogacquire,gstore,gorgretrieveginformation
,8. Angengramgisgtogmemorygas .
a) agkeyboardgisgtogagcomputer
b) agmousegisgtogagcomputer
c) agfilegisgtogagcomputerg*
d) agcentralgprocessinggunitgisgtogagcomputer
9. Whygaregtheregsogmanygmetaphorsgforgmemory?
a) becausegmemorygcannotgbegstudiedgobjectively
b) togdemonstrategthatgallgofgourgmemoriesgaregdifferent
c) becausegwegcannotgobservegmemorygdirectlyg*
d) becausegpeople’sgattitudesgandgopinionsgchangegsogmuchgovergtime
10. Metaphorsgforgmemoryg(likegagrecordergorgorganizedgstorage)garegusedgbecause .
a) theguncomplicatedgnaturegofgmemorygmakesgmetaphorsgeasygtogfind
b) memorygmustgbegobservedgindirectly,gsogmetaphorsgaregusefulgtoolsgforgunderstandin
ggitsgcomplexitiesg*
c) yougcangexercisegyourgmemoryglikegagmuscle,gsogcreatinggnewgmetaphorsgmakesgyo
urgmemorygmoregefficient
d) usingglanguagegasgagmentalgrepresentationgpreventsgmemorygloss
11. Whichgmetaphorgcapturesgthegideagthatgtheregisgangorganizationgtogmemory?
a) cow’sgstomach
b) lockgandgkey
c) videogcamera
d) networkg*
12. Whichgmetaphorgcapturesgthegideagthatginformationgingmemorygcangbegforgotten?
a) leakygbucketg*
b) computer
c) junkgdrawer
d) library
13. Whichgmetaphorgofgmemorygconveysgthegideagthatgmemoriesgaregdiscretegcollectionsg
ofginformation?
a) hiddengobserver
b) computer
c) literacyg*
d) aviary
14. OnegcontributiongofgPlato’sgphilosophygtogworkgongmemorygwasgthegideagthat .
a) differentgimpressionsgvarygingqualityg*
b) memorygisgtiedgexclusivelygtogexperience
c) nogmangisgangisland
d) memoriesgaregstoredgingagcollectivegsubconscious
,15. Aristotle’sglawsgofgassociationgincludegallgofgthegfollowinggEXCEPT .
a) similarity
b) contiguity
c) contrast
d) idealizedgabstractionsg*
16. Aristotle’sglawsgofgassociationgincludegallgofgthegfollowinggEXCEPT .
a) similarity
b) regularityg*
c) contrast
d) contiguity
17. Whogwasgthegseventeenth-
centurygscientist/philosophergwhogdevelopedgagsophisticatedgtheorygofgmemorygbutgnevergfoll
owedgupgongit,gleavinggitgtogfallgintogobscurity,gfurthergdelayinggthegonsetgofgagscientificgstud
ygofgmemory?
a) IsaacgNewton
b) RobertgHookeg*
c) CharlesgDarwin
d) BenjamingFranklin
18. WhatginfluencegdidgDarwinghavegongtheoriesgofgmemory?
a) thegideagthatgmemorygdevelopsgingagpersongthroughgagselectiongprocess
b) thegconceptgthatgmemorygisgdependentgongagcomplexgbrain
c) thegideagthatgmemoryghasgdevelopedgovergtheggenerationsgtogadaptgtogthegdemandsg
ofgthegenvironmentg*
d) none
19. MemorygdevelopmentgingagpersongisgguidedgbyghisgorghergDNA.
a) true
b) false
c) partiallygtrue*
d) true,gexceptgforgcasesgofgbraingdamage
20. Angimportantgconceptgthatgisgheavilygusedgingtheoriesgofgmemorygthatgdevelopedgoutgofgt
hegempiricistgtraditiongis .
a) thegassociationg*
b) adaptationgtogchangesgingthegenvironment
c) thegengram
d) separationgofgmindgandgbody
21. EmpiricistsgsuchgasgAristotlegbelievedgthatgmemorygoperatesgas .
a) associationsgbetweengexperiencesgorgstimulig*
b) agbridgegbetweengperceptionsgandgrationalgabstractionsg(sincegempiricalgobservation
sgaregoftengdistorted)
c) angabstract,gperfectgrealmgwithoutgneedgforgadditionalginquiry
d) thegrationalglinkgbetweengthegmindgandgthegbody
, 22. Angimportantgideagforgmemorygresearchgtakengfromgthegrationalistgtraditiongingphilosophyg
isgthat .
a) thegmindgisgrational
b) everythinggisgexplainablegwithgempiricalgtesting
c) geneticsgisgthegguidegtogunderstandinggmemorygatgitsgbasicglevel
d) thegmindgactivelygconstructsgourginterpretationgofgrealityg*
23. SomethinggdiscoveredgbygEbbinghausgthatgdescribesgagprocessgthatgcangreducegthegeffectsg
ofgforgettinggis .
a) forgettinggcurve
b) overlearningg*
c) learninggcurve
d) savings
24. Ebbinghausgusedgnonsensegsyllablesgtogstudygmemorygbecause .
a) hegwantedgtogstudygmemorygingitsgpuregformg*
b) hegdidgnotghavegothergpeoplegtogtest
c) theygaregeasygtogcreategingGerman
d) hegwantedgangexperimentallygcleangwaygtogassessgpriorgknowledge
25. WhichgofgthegfollowinggisgNOTgagprinciplegofgmemorygdiscoveredgbygEbbinghaus?
a) learninggcurve
b) schemag*
c) savings
d) distributiongofgpractice
26. Whichgofgthegfollowinggimportantgfiguresgingtheghistorygofgmemorygresearchgwasginterestedgi
nghowgpriorgknowledgeginfluencesgmemory?
a) Ebbinghaus
b) Bartlettg*
c) Thorndike
d) Tolman
27. WhatgisgangimportantgconceptgingmemorygdevelopedgbygBartlett?
a) learninggcurve
b) schemag*
c) savings
d) distributiongofgpractice
28. WhatgisgangimportantgdistinctiongingtypesgofgmemorygmadegbygWilliamgJames?
a) memorygstoreghegemony
b) hierarchicalgrotations
c) thegdifferencegbetweengprimarygandgsecondarygmemoryg*
d) thegdifferencegbetweengproceduralgandgdeclarativegmemory
