NUR 136 TEST 1 LEARNING OBJECTIVES UPDATED QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS
What are common changes in aging at the cellular level? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Decreases in lean
body mass
Decreases in body fluids
Increase body fat (until 60)
Which cellular fluid decreases? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Intracellular decreases (total body fluid
decreases -> dehydration -> cell shrinkage)
Appearance Changes? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅wrinkles
hair loss (graying)
baggy skin
vertebrae thinning
Changes to neurological status? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Decreased blood flow, neurons, nerve
fibers to brain
hypothalamus less effective
Awaken during sleep
Slower reaction time
decreases sensation in extremities
What happens to valves as we age - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅become more rigid & thicker
(murmurs- due not closely efficiently)
What cardiac changes increase with normal aging? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅HR (with less force)
BP (due peripheral resistance increase)
P
, Pulse deficit is an indication of_________ - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅heart disease
What cardiac changes decrease with normal aging? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅CO
Stroke Volume
Heart contractility (due thickening cardiac walls)
What causes a rise in systolic BP? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅decreased baroreceptors + decreased
function + increased peripheral resistance
What happens to the trachea & rib cage with normal aging? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅more rigid
(can't expand as much for inspiration)
What decreases in respiration/breathe sounds? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Reduction of cough &
laryngeal reflexes
Why are older adults at high risk for respiratory infection? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Can't expel
mucous
Alveoli stretched out
decrease cilia
submucousal glands less efficient
What are normal changes in GI/ nutrition? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Decreased taste sensations
(lead to more seasoning -> upset GI)
Decreased ability to absorb Vit. B, B12, D, Iron, Calcium
Decreased esophageal motility
Atrophy of small & large intestines
Why are older adults at risk for aspiration? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅decreased esophageal motility
presbyesophagus
AND ANSWERS
What are common changes in aging at the cellular level? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Decreases in lean
body mass
Decreases in body fluids
Increase body fat (until 60)
Which cellular fluid decreases? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Intracellular decreases (total body fluid
decreases -> dehydration -> cell shrinkage)
Appearance Changes? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅wrinkles
hair loss (graying)
baggy skin
vertebrae thinning
Changes to neurological status? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Decreased blood flow, neurons, nerve
fibers to brain
hypothalamus less effective
Awaken during sleep
Slower reaction time
decreases sensation in extremities
What happens to valves as we age - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅become more rigid & thicker
(murmurs- due not closely efficiently)
What cardiac changes increase with normal aging? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅HR (with less force)
BP (due peripheral resistance increase)
P
, Pulse deficit is an indication of_________ - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅heart disease
What cardiac changes decrease with normal aging? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅CO
Stroke Volume
Heart contractility (due thickening cardiac walls)
What causes a rise in systolic BP? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅decreased baroreceptors + decreased
function + increased peripheral resistance
What happens to the trachea & rib cage with normal aging? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅more rigid
(can't expand as much for inspiration)
What decreases in respiration/breathe sounds? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Reduction of cough &
laryngeal reflexes
Why are older adults at high risk for respiratory infection? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Can't expel
mucous
Alveoli stretched out
decrease cilia
submucousal glands less efficient
What are normal changes in GI/ nutrition? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Decreased taste sensations
(lead to more seasoning -> upset GI)
Decreased ability to absorb Vit. B, B12, D, Iron, Calcium
Decreased esophageal motility
Atrophy of small & large intestines
Why are older adults at risk for aspiration? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅decreased esophageal motility
presbyesophagus
