Test Bank for Lippincott Illustrated Reviews: Pharmacol
g g g g g g
ogy 8th Edition by Karen Whalen|
g g g g g
KNOW gTHIS:g-
gANSWERggg1)gRNAgisgsusceptiblegtogalkalineghydrolysis,gwhereasgDNAgisgnot.
2)gUndergalkalinegconditions,gtheghydroxylggroupgcangactgasgagnucleophilegandgattac
kgthegphosphodiesterglinkagegbetweengadjacentgnucleotides,gbreakinggtheglinkagegan
dgleadinggtogthegtransientgformationgofgagcyclicgnucleotide.g
3)gAsgthisgcangoccurgatgeverygphosphodiesterglinkagegingRNA,ghydrolysisgofgthegRNA
gwillgoccurgduegtogthesegreactions.gAsgDNAglacksgtheg2′-
hydroxylggroup,gthisgreactiongcannotgoccur,gand
DNAgisgverygstablegundergalkalinegconditions.
Symptomsgofgadenosinegdeaminasegdeficiency:g-
gANSWERggg1)gHistorygofgchronicgdiarrheagandgmultiplegpneumonias
2)gThegchestgX-
raygshowsgagpneumonia,gbutgalsogrevealsgangabnormallygsmallgthymus.g
3)gBloodgworkgshowsgagdistinctglackgofgcirculatingglymphocytes.g
*HeregyoughavegnogworkinggBgorgTgcells*
*gThisgdisordergleadsgtogangaccumulationgofgdeoxyadenosinegandgS-
adenosylhomocysteine,
whichgaregtoxicgtogimmatureglymphocytesgingthegthymus.*
4)gThegmostglikelyginheritedgenzymaticgdefectgingthisgchildgleadsgtoganginabilitygtogalte
rgagpurinegnucleotidegatgpositiong6gofgthegringgstructureg(wheregdeaminationgoccursga
ndgisgreplacedgwithgagcarbonylggroup)
InosinegandgWobblingg-
gANSWERgggInosinegisgagwobblegbasegpairgformer,ghavinggthe
abilitygtogbasegpairgwithg*adenine,guracil,gorgcytosine*
KNOW gTHIS:g-gANSWERgggLactasegwillgsplitgthegβ-1,4glinkagegbetween
galactosegandgglucoseginglactose.g
Theglactosegthusgpassesgunmetabolizedgtogthegbacteriaginhabitinggtheggut,gandgtheirg
metabolismgofgthegdisaccharidegleadsgtogthegobservedgsymptoms.g
Combininggtwogsugarsgingagdehydrationgreactiongcreatesgagglycosidicgbond.g
,AddinggagsugargtogthegnitrogengofgagnitrogenousgbasegalsogcreatesgangN-
glycosidicgbond.
KNOW gTHIS:g-
gANSWERgggThegalphagcarbongdeterminesgwhethergthegaminogacidgisgingthegDgorgLgc
onfiguration
*Manygbiochemicalgcompoundsg(includinggdrugs)garegonlygactivegasgeithergthegDgorg
Lgisomer.*
Yourgpatientghasgagmechanicalgheartgvalvegandgisgchronicallyganemicgduegtogdamag
egtogredgbloodgcellsgasgtheygpassgthroughgthisgvalve.gOnegofgthegsignalsgthatgtargetgd
amagedgredgbloodgcellsgforgremovalgfromgthegcirculationgisgthegpresencegofgphosphat
idylserinegingthegoutergleafletgofgthegredgcellgmembrane.gPhosphatidylserinegisgangint
egralgpartgofgcellgmembranesgandgisgnormallygfoundgingtheginnergleafletgofgthegredgcel
lgmembrane.gThisgflip-
flopgofgphosphatidylserinegbetweengmembranegleafletsgexposesgwhichgpartgofgthegph
osphatidylserinegto
thegenvironment?
(A)gThegheadggroup
(B)gFattygacids
(C)gSphingosine
(D)gGlycerol
(E)gCeramideg-gANSWERgggA.
Thus,gwhengagphospholipidgflgip-
flgopsgacrossgthegmembrane,gthegheadggroupgwillgalwaysgendgupgfacinggthegaqueous
genvironment.
Agcoupleghasghadgfivegchildren,gallgofgwhogexhibitgshort
stature,geyelidgdroop,gandgsomegdegreegofgmusclegweaknessgandghearingglossg(som
egsevere,gsomegmild).gThegmothergalsoghasgsuchgproblems,galthoughgatgagmildglevel.
gThegfatherghasgnogsymptoms.gThegmutationgthatgafflictsgthegchildrengmostglikelygresi
desgingDNAgfoundgingwhichgintracellulargorganelle?
(A)gMitochondria
(B)gPeroxisome
(C)gLysosome
(D)gEndoplasmicgreticulum
(E)gNucleusg-gANSWERgggA.
Thegmothergandgchildrengaregexperiencinggthegeffectsgofgagmitochondrialgdisorder.
*Theygkeygheregisgthatgallgofgthegkidsghavegthegissuegandgthegmothergasgwellgbutgtheg
fathergshowsgnogsymptoms*
Theregaregmultiplegmitochondrialgdisordersgassociatedgwithgmusculargdystrophy:
g
,1)gKearns-Sayergsyndrome(thisgcase)
2)gLeighgsyndromeg(non-X-linked)
3)gPearsongsyndrome
4)gMitochondrialgDNAgdepletiongsyndrome
5)gMitochondrialgencephalomyopathy
Membranegformationgoccurs,gingpart,gduegtoglowglipidgsolubilitygingwatergduegtogprima
rilygwhichgofgthegfollowing?
(A)gHydrogengbondgformationgbetweenglipidsgandgwater
(B)gCovalentgbondgformationgbetweenglipidsgandgwater
(C)gAgdecreasegingwatergentropy
(D)gAngincreasegingwatergentropy
(E)gIonicgbondgformationgbetweenglipidsgandgwaterg-gANSWERgggD.
Cagegforminggdecreasesgwatergentropy,gwhichgis
unfavorable,gandgthisgleadsgtogtheghydrophobicgeffect,gingwhichgtheglipidgmoleculesgal
lgcomegtogethergsuchgthatgonlygoneglargegcagegneedsgtogbegformedgaboutgtheglipidgm
olecules,grathergthangmanygsmallgcagesgaboutgeachgindividualglipidgmolecule.g
Theglipidsgdognotgformgcovalentgorgionicgbondsgwithgwater,gand,gasgmentionedgabove
,glipidsgingwatergleadsgtogagdecreasegingwatergentropyg(whichgisgunfavorable),grathergt
hangangincreasegingthegentropygofgwaterg(whichgwouldgbegagfavorablegevent).
KNOW gTHIS:g-
gANSWERgggPrecipitationgofguricgacidgoccursging"cold"gareasgofgthegbody,gsuchgasgth
eggreatgtoe.
Agsingle-strandedgDNAgmoleculegcontainsg20%A,g25%T,
30%G,gandg25%C.gWhengthegcomplementgofgthisgstrand
isgsynthesized,gthegTgcontentgofgthegresultinggduplexgwill
begwhichgonegofgthegfollowing?
(A)g20%
(B)g22.5%
(C)g25%
(D)g27.5%
(E)g30%g-gANSWERgggB.
Forgthegentiregduplexgthen,gthegTgcontent
isgthegaveragegofg25%gandg20%,gorg22.5%gforgthegduplex.gTheg[A]gingthegduplexgwillg
alsogbeg22.5%g(again,gsinceg[A]g=g[T]),gandgthegconcentrationsgofg[G]gandg[C]gwillgea
chgbeg27.5%gforgthegduplex.
KNOW gTHIS:g-
gANSWERgggThegglycosylationgofghemoglobingprimarilygoccursgongthegN-
terminalgvalinegresiduesgofgthegβgchainsg(whichgcontaingagfreegaminoggroup).
ThegrategofgdegradationgofgnonmodifiedghemoglobingandgHbA1cgaregthegsame.
, KNOW gTHIS:g-
gANSWERggg1)gIngordergtogmakegagxenobioticgmoregsoluble,gaghydrophilicggroupgnee
dsgtogbegadded
togthegxenobiotic.g
2)gGlucuronicgacidg(glucosegwithgagcarboxylicgacidgatgpositiong6ginsteadgofgangalcoho
lggroup)gisgaghydrophilicgmolecule.
3)gGlucuronicgacidgisgaddedgtogthegxenobioticgatgpositiong1,gusinggthegactivatedginter
mediategUDPgglucuronate.
EarlygclinicalgsignsgofgCreutzfeldt-Jakobgdisease:g-gANSWERggg1)gMoodgchanges
2)gMinorglossgofgmemory
3)gDecreasedgmotorgskills
Causedgbygagmisfoldedgpriongprotein,gleadinggtogproteingaggregatesgingthegbrain.g
Thisgpatientgwillgprobablygdiegwithing1gyear.g
Theregisgnogcurrentgtreatmentgforgthegdisease.g
Asgthegdiseasegprogresses,ghegwillgprobablygdevelopgblindness,ginvoluntarygmoveme
nts,gandgseveregdeteriorationgofgmentalgfunction.
KNOW gTHIS:g-
gANSWERgggBisphosphonatesgdecreasegbonegresorptiongbygthegosteoclasts,gthereby
gstrengtheninggthegbone,gevengwithgthegdefectivegcollagengmolecule.
Yougaregvisitedgbygag40-year-
oldgfemalegpatientgcomplaininggofgweightgloss,gnumbnessgingtheghandsgandgfeet,gfati
gue,gandgdifficultygswallowing.gPhysicalgexam
notesgangenlargedgtongue,genlargedgliver,gagrubbery
feelinggaroundgthegjoints,gandgbruisinggaroundgthe
eyes.gAgbonegmarrowgbiopsygshowsgangabnormal
staininggofgdenaturedgproteing(seegbelow).gThese
denaturedgproteinsgaregmostglikelygtogbegwhichgofgthe
following?
(A)gAntibodyglightgchains
(B)gCollagen
(C)gFibrillin
(D)gAlbumin
(E)gTransaminasesg-gANSWERgggA.
*Thegpatientgisgexhibitinggthegsymptomsgofgprimarygamyloidosis*
Primarygamyloidosisg-
gANSWERggg1)gAgproteingfoldinggdiseasegingwhichgimmunoglobulinglightgchainsgaregi
mproperlygprocessedgandgcannotgbegdegraded.g
g g g g g g
ogy 8th Edition by Karen Whalen|
g g g g g
KNOW gTHIS:g-
gANSWERggg1)gRNAgisgsusceptiblegtogalkalineghydrolysis,gwhereasgDNAgisgnot.
2)gUndergalkalinegconditions,gtheghydroxylggroupgcangactgasgagnucleophilegandgattac
kgthegphosphodiesterglinkagegbetweengadjacentgnucleotides,gbreakinggtheglinkagegan
dgleadinggtogthegtransientgformationgofgagcyclicgnucleotide.g
3)gAsgthisgcangoccurgatgeverygphosphodiesterglinkagegingRNA,ghydrolysisgofgthegRNA
gwillgoccurgduegtogthesegreactions.gAsgDNAglacksgtheg2′-
hydroxylggroup,gthisgreactiongcannotgoccur,gand
DNAgisgverygstablegundergalkalinegconditions.
Symptomsgofgadenosinegdeaminasegdeficiency:g-
gANSWERggg1)gHistorygofgchronicgdiarrheagandgmultiplegpneumonias
2)gThegchestgX-
raygshowsgagpneumonia,gbutgalsogrevealsgangabnormallygsmallgthymus.g
3)gBloodgworkgshowsgagdistinctglackgofgcirculatingglymphocytes.g
*HeregyoughavegnogworkinggBgorgTgcells*
*gThisgdisordergleadsgtogangaccumulationgofgdeoxyadenosinegandgS-
adenosylhomocysteine,
whichgaregtoxicgtogimmatureglymphocytesgingthegthymus.*
4)gThegmostglikelyginheritedgenzymaticgdefectgingthisgchildgleadsgtoganginabilitygtogalte
rgagpurinegnucleotidegatgpositiong6gofgthegringgstructureg(wheregdeaminationgoccursga
ndgisgreplacedgwithgagcarbonylggroup)
InosinegandgWobblingg-
gANSWERgggInosinegisgagwobblegbasegpairgformer,ghavinggthe
abilitygtogbasegpairgwithg*adenine,guracil,gorgcytosine*
KNOW gTHIS:g-gANSWERgggLactasegwillgsplitgthegβ-1,4glinkagegbetween
galactosegandgglucoseginglactose.g
Theglactosegthusgpassesgunmetabolizedgtogthegbacteriaginhabitinggtheggut,gandgtheirg
metabolismgofgthegdisaccharidegleadsgtogthegobservedgsymptoms.g
Combininggtwogsugarsgingagdehydrationgreactiongcreatesgagglycosidicgbond.g
,AddinggagsugargtogthegnitrogengofgagnitrogenousgbasegalsogcreatesgangN-
glycosidicgbond.
KNOW gTHIS:g-
gANSWERgggThegalphagcarbongdeterminesgwhethergthegaminogacidgisgingthegDgorgLgc
onfiguration
*Manygbiochemicalgcompoundsg(includinggdrugs)garegonlygactivegasgeithergthegDgorg
Lgisomer.*
Yourgpatientghasgagmechanicalgheartgvalvegandgisgchronicallyganemicgduegtogdamag
egtogredgbloodgcellsgasgtheygpassgthroughgthisgvalve.gOnegofgthegsignalsgthatgtargetgd
amagedgredgbloodgcellsgforgremovalgfromgthegcirculationgisgthegpresencegofgphosphat
idylserinegingthegoutergleafletgofgthegredgcellgmembrane.gPhosphatidylserinegisgangint
egralgpartgofgcellgmembranesgandgisgnormallygfoundgingtheginnergleafletgofgthegredgcel
lgmembrane.gThisgflip-
flopgofgphosphatidylserinegbetweengmembranegleafletsgexposesgwhichgpartgofgthegph
osphatidylserinegto
thegenvironment?
(A)gThegheadggroup
(B)gFattygacids
(C)gSphingosine
(D)gGlycerol
(E)gCeramideg-gANSWERgggA.
Thus,gwhengagphospholipidgflgip-
flgopsgacrossgthegmembrane,gthegheadggroupgwillgalwaysgendgupgfacinggthegaqueous
genvironment.
Agcoupleghasghadgfivegchildren,gallgofgwhogexhibitgshort
stature,geyelidgdroop,gandgsomegdegreegofgmusclegweaknessgandghearingglossg(som
egsevere,gsomegmild).gThegmothergalsoghasgsuchgproblems,galthoughgatgagmildglevel.
gThegfatherghasgnogsymptoms.gThegmutationgthatgafflictsgthegchildrengmostglikelygresi
desgingDNAgfoundgingwhichgintracellulargorganelle?
(A)gMitochondria
(B)gPeroxisome
(C)gLysosome
(D)gEndoplasmicgreticulum
(E)gNucleusg-gANSWERgggA.
Thegmothergandgchildrengaregexperiencinggthegeffectsgofgagmitochondrialgdisorder.
*Theygkeygheregisgthatgallgofgthegkidsghavegthegissuegandgthegmothergasgwellgbutgtheg
fathergshowsgnogsymptoms*
Theregaregmultiplegmitochondrialgdisordersgassociatedgwithgmusculargdystrophy:
g
,1)gKearns-Sayergsyndrome(thisgcase)
2)gLeighgsyndromeg(non-X-linked)
3)gPearsongsyndrome
4)gMitochondrialgDNAgdepletiongsyndrome
5)gMitochondrialgencephalomyopathy
Membranegformationgoccurs,gingpart,gduegtoglowglipidgsolubilitygingwatergduegtogprima
rilygwhichgofgthegfollowing?
(A)gHydrogengbondgformationgbetweenglipidsgandgwater
(B)gCovalentgbondgformationgbetweenglipidsgandgwater
(C)gAgdecreasegingwatergentropy
(D)gAngincreasegingwatergentropy
(E)gIonicgbondgformationgbetweenglipidsgandgwaterg-gANSWERgggD.
Cagegforminggdecreasesgwatergentropy,gwhichgis
unfavorable,gandgthisgleadsgtogtheghydrophobicgeffect,gingwhichgtheglipidgmoleculesgal
lgcomegtogethergsuchgthatgonlygoneglargegcagegneedsgtogbegformedgaboutgtheglipidgm
olecules,grathergthangmanygsmallgcagesgaboutgeachgindividualglipidgmolecule.g
Theglipidsgdognotgformgcovalentgorgionicgbondsgwithgwater,gand,gasgmentionedgabove
,glipidsgingwatergleadsgtogagdecreasegingwatergentropyg(whichgisgunfavorable),grathergt
hangangincreasegingthegentropygofgwaterg(whichgwouldgbegagfavorablegevent).
KNOW gTHIS:g-
gANSWERgggPrecipitationgofguricgacidgoccursging"cold"gareasgofgthegbody,gsuchgasgth
eggreatgtoe.
Agsingle-strandedgDNAgmoleculegcontainsg20%A,g25%T,
30%G,gandg25%C.gWhengthegcomplementgofgthisgstrand
isgsynthesized,gthegTgcontentgofgthegresultinggduplexgwill
begwhichgonegofgthegfollowing?
(A)g20%
(B)g22.5%
(C)g25%
(D)g27.5%
(E)g30%g-gANSWERgggB.
Forgthegentiregduplexgthen,gthegTgcontent
isgthegaveragegofg25%gandg20%,gorg22.5%gforgthegduplex.gTheg[A]gingthegduplexgwillg
alsogbeg22.5%g(again,gsinceg[A]g=g[T]),gandgthegconcentrationsgofg[G]gandg[C]gwillgea
chgbeg27.5%gforgthegduplex.
KNOW gTHIS:g-
gANSWERgggThegglycosylationgofghemoglobingprimarilygoccursgongthegN-
terminalgvalinegresiduesgofgthegβgchainsg(whichgcontaingagfreegaminoggroup).
ThegrategofgdegradationgofgnonmodifiedghemoglobingandgHbA1cgaregthegsame.
, KNOW gTHIS:g-
gANSWERggg1)gIngordergtogmakegagxenobioticgmoregsoluble,gaghydrophilicggroupgnee
dsgtogbegadded
togthegxenobiotic.g
2)gGlucuronicgacidg(glucosegwithgagcarboxylicgacidgatgpositiong6ginsteadgofgangalcoho
lggroup)gisgaghydrophilicgmolecule.
3)gGlucuronicgacidgisgaddedgtogthegxenobioticgatgpositiong1,gusinggthegactivatedginter
mediategUDPgglucuronate.
EarlygclinicalgsignsgofgCreutzfeldt-Jakobgdisease:g-gANSWERggg1)gMoodgchanges
2)gMinorglossgofgmemory
3)gDecreasedgmotorgskills
Causedgbygagmisfoldedgpriongprotein,gleadinggtogproteingaggregatesgingthegbrain.g
Thisgpatientgwillgprobablygdiegwithing1gyear.g
Theregisgnogcurrentgtreatmentgforgthegdisease.g
Asgthegdiseasegprogresses,ghegwillgprobablygdevelopgblindness,ginvoluntarygmoveme
nts,gandgseveregdeteriorationgofgmentalgfunction.
KNOW gTHIS:g-
gANSWERgggBisphosphonatesgdecreasegbonegresorptiongbygthegosteoclasts,gthereby
gstrengtheninggthegbone,gevengwithgthegdefectivegcollagengmolecule.
Yougaregvisitedgbygag40-year-
oldgfemalegpatientgcomplaininggofgweightgloss,gnumbnessgingtheghandsgandgfeet,gfati
gue,gandgdifficultygswallowing.gPhysicalgexam
notesgangenlargedgtongue,genlargedgliver,gagrubbery
feelinggaroundgthegjoints,gandgbruisinggaroundgthe
eyes.gAgbonegmarrowgbiopsygshowsgangabnormal
staininggofgdenaturedgproteing(seegbelow).gThese
denaturedgproteinsgaregmostglikelygtogbegwhichgofgthe
following?
(A)gAntibodyglightgchains
(B)gCollagen
(C)gFibrillin
(D)gAlbumin
(E)gTransaminasesg-gANSWERgggA.
*Thegpatientgisgexhibitinggthegsymptomsgofgprimarygamyloidosis*
Primarygamyloidosisg-
gANSWERggg1)gAgproteingfoldinggdiseasegingwhichgimmunoglobulinglightgchainsgaregi
mproperlygprocessedgandgcannotgbegdegraded.g
