lOMoAR cPSD| 11280168
Tutorial letter 201/1/2025
Introduction to Criminology: Crime,
Offenders and Criminal Behaviour
CMY1501
Semester 1
Department of Criminology and Security
Science
IMPORTANT INFORMATION:
This tutorial letter contains comments on Assignments 1, 2 & 3
Semester 1
, lOMoAR cPSD| 11280168
Dear student
Answers to all the multiple-choice questions pertaining to the first, second and third assignments (for
students who did not submit assignment 1), are included in this tutorial letter. We supply you with the
question and correct answer as well as the page on which you will find the answer in your study
guide.
Remember that an assignment is primarily a learning opportunity to enable you to master the course
material and to better prepare yourself for the examination. The examination paper will consist
exclusively of 50 multiple-choice questions (no paragraph/essay type questions) out of 100. You may
regard the assignments as examples of what the examination paper will be like – not in content, as
you might get 50 completely new multiple-choice questions, but in terms of length format complexity
and so forth.
COMMENTS ON ASSIGNMENT 01
UNIQUE NUMBER: 850718
DUE DATE: 25 April 2025
1. Human beings are studied in terms of biological, psychological and social dimensions. The
psychological dimension includes the:
A Genetic make-up, ability to function and the emotional or the affective component
B Ability to function, the cognitive and volitional components
C Cognitive, emotional, or affective component and the volitional component
D Affective component, genetic make-up, and ability to function
ANSWER: C; See 4.1.1 Introduction, page 137.
2. Which school of criminology challenges the notion of an absolute free will and argues that free
will is inhibited by incompetence, mental disorder, or pathology?
A Classical school
B Neo-classical school
C Positivist school
D Critical school
ANSWER: B; See 1,2,5 The Neo-classical school, page 22.
3. When explaining crime, it is evident that many causes of poor self-control are rooted in …
A poor socialising practices.
B cognitive deficiencies.
C) poor child-rearing practices.
D) hereditary factors.
ANSWER: C; See 4.4.6.1 Poor child-rearing practices, page 192.
4. This theory is based on a hierarchy of needs ranging from basic physiological needs to the
need for self-actualisation or fulfilment.
A Hirschi’s theory.
B Maslow’s theory
C Bandura’s theory
D Tittle’s theory
ANSWER: B; See 3.2.5 The process of motivation, page 97.
2
, lOMoAR cPSD| 11280168
5. The code of crime list is used for the classification of crime in South Africa, and it consists of …
categories.
A 38
B 26
C 42
D 35
ANSWER: D; See 2.1.2 Key concepts, page 45.
6. Factors specifically associated with criminal activities, such as crime, offending and
delinquency refer to:
A Personality trait
B Emotional deficiencies
C Criminogenic risk factors
D Environmental influences
ANSWER: C; See 3.3.2 Key concepts, page 112.
7. Needs generate wants, desires and aspirations, which motivate behaviour. In this regard,
Reeve (2009) distinguishes between …
A psychosocial, biological, and social needs.
B social, biological and psychological needs.
C biological, psychosocial and internal stimuli needs. D
psychological, internal stimuli and biological needs.
ANSWER: B; See 4.1.4.2 Emotional component, page 148.
8. Determinism is an assumption of positivism that believes that:
A Individual differences in behaviour are rooted in factors beyond, or at least not entirely within,
the control of individuals.
B Individuals select actions and can be held responsible for their actions.
C Individuals are not entirely in control of their actions; however, they can be held responsible for
their behaviour.
D Individuals are not entirely in control of their actions, and they weigh the benefits and
consequences of their actions before making decisions.
ANSWER: A; See 4.1.2 Key concepts, page 137.
9. In both national and international law, the definition of a juvenile is directly or indirectly linked to
age. The Correctional Services Act 8 of 1959 refers to a juvenile as a person under the age of:
A 18 years
B 16 years
C 25 years
D 21 years
ANSWER: D; See 3.1.2 Key concepts, page 76.
10. Gottfredson and Hirschi (1990) argue in their general theory of crime that indicators of …, …
and … play a vital role in the determination of antisocial and criminal behaviour.
A impulsiveness, poor self-control, inadequate child rearing practices
B criminal peer associations, substance abuse, impulsiveness
C mental disorders, inadequate child rearing practices, poor self-control
D criminal peer associations, mental disorders, impulsiveness
ANSWER: A; See 4.4.7.1 Empirical support, page 195.
3
Tutorial letter 201/1/2025
Introduction to Criminology: Crime,
Offenders and Criminal Behaviour
CMY1501
Semester 1
Department of Criminology and Security
Science
IMPORTANT INFORMATION:
This tutorial letter contains comments on Assignments 1, 2 & 3
Semester 1
, lOMoAR cPSD| 11280168
Dear student
Answers to all the multiple-choice questions pertaining to the first, second and third assignments (for
students who did not submit assignment 1), are included in this tutorial letter. We supply you with the
question and correct answer as well as the page on which you will find the answer in your study
guide.
Remember that an assignment is primarily a learning opportunity to enable you to master the course
material and to better prepare yourself for the examination. The examination paper will consist
exclusively of 50 multiple-choice questions (no paragraph/essay type questions) out of 100. You may
regard the assignments as examples of what the examination paper will be like – not in content, as
you might get 50 completely new multiple-choice questions, but in terms of length format complexity
and so forth.
COMMENTS ON ASSIGNMENT 01
UNIQUE NUMBER: 850718
DUE DATE: 25 April 2025
1. Human beings are studied in terms of biological, psychological and social dimensions. The
psychological dimension includes the:
A Genetic make-up, ability to function and the emotional or the affective component
B Ability to function, the cognitive and volitional components
C Cognitive, emotional, or affective component and the volitional component
D Affective component, genetic make-up, and ability to function
ANSWER: C; See 4.1.1 Introduction, page 137.
2. Which school of criminology challenges the notion of an absolute free will and argues that free
will is inhibited by incompetence, mental disorder, or pathology?
A Classical school
B Neo-classical school
C Positivist school
D Critical school
ANSWER: B; See 1,2,5 The Neo-classical school, page 22.
3. When explaining crime, it is evident that many causes of poor self-control are rooted in …
A poor socialising practices.
B cognitive deficiencies.
C) poor child-rearing practices.
D) hereditary factors.
ANSWER: C; See 4.4.6.1 Poor child-rearing practices, page 192.
4. This theory is based on a hierarchy of needs ranging from basic physiological needs to the
need for self-actualisation or fulfilment.
A Hirschi’s theory.
B Maslow’s theory
C Bandura’s theory
D Tittle’s theory
ANSWER: B; See 3.2.5 The process of motivation, page 97.
2
, lOMoAR cPSD| 11280168
5. The code of crime list is used for the classification of crime in South Africa, and it consists of …
categories.
A 38
B 26
C 42
D 35
ANSWER: D; See 2.1.2 Key concepts, page 45.
6. Factors specifically associated with criminal activities, such as crime, offending and
delinquency refer to:
A Personality trait
B Emotional deficiencies
C Criminogenic risk factors
D Environmental influences
ANSWER: C; See 3.3.2 Key concepts, page 112.
7. Needs generate wants, desires and aspirations, which motivate behaviour. In this regard,
Reeve (2009) distinguishes between …
A psychosocial, biological, and social needs.
B social, biological and psychological needs.
C biological, psychosocial and internal stimuli needs. D
psychological, internal stimuli and biological needs.
ANSWER: B; See 4.1.4.2 Emotional component, page 148.
8. Determinism is an assumption of positivism that believes that:
A Individual differences in behaviour are rooted in factors beyond, or at least not entirely within,
the control of individuals.
B Individuals select actions and can be held responsible for their actions.
C Individuals are not entirely in control of their actions; however, they can be held responsible for
their behaviour.
D Individuals are not entirely in control of their actions, and they weigh the benefits and
consequences of their actions before making decisions.
ANSWER: A; See 4.1.2 Key concepts, page 137.
9. In both national and international law, the definition of a juvenile is directly or indirectly linked to
age. The Correctional Services Act 8 of 1959 refers to a juvenile as a person under the age of:
A 18 years
B 16 years
C 25 years
D 21 years
ANSWER: D; See 3.1.2 Key concepts, page 76.
10. Gottfredson and Hirschi (1990) argue in their general theory of crime that indicators of …, …
and … play a vital role in the determination of antisocial and criminal behaviour.
A impulsiveness, poor self-control, inadequate child rearing practices
B criminal peer associations, substance abuse, impulsiveness
C mental disorders, inadequate child rearing practices, poor self-control
D criminal peer associations, mental disorders, impulsiveness
ANSWER: A; See 4.4.7.1 Empirical support, page 195.
3
