3/23/25, 7:34 APEA Predictor Exam Study Flashcards |
AM
APEA PREDICTOR EXAM STUDY QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED
Terms in this set (116)
First-Pass Effect 1. CYP450 metabolizes the drug in the liver to release the drug to
the body where it can be used.
1. What cytochrome metabolizes 2. Active
a 3.True
medication drug during the FIRST-
PASS Effect?
2.CYP450 enzyme is the most_______.
3.It can either be induced or inhibited
(T/F)
1. Increase in fat-to-water ratio, decrease in liver function, decrease in GFR
Pharmacokinetics
1. What are age-related changes?
(Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion)?
Pharmacology : Cardiac Glycosides 1. Second and Third
2.N/V, Hyperkalemia, Confusion, visual color changes
1. What order of line of 3.Digoxin level, CMP, EKG
treatment is Digoxin? 4. Digoxin-specific antibodies
2.Signs of Digoxin Overdose
3.Laboratory tests
4.Treatment
1/17
,3/23/25, 7:34 APEA Predictor Exam Study Flashcards |
AM
Pharmacology : Warfarin (Coumadin) 1. X
2.2.0-3.0, 2.5-3.5
1.____________Category for 3.Cardiologist or anticoagulation clinic
pregnancy. 4. Check every 2-4 weeks up to 12 weeks.
2. Target INR for patients without 5.Continue warfarin dose, retest INR in 1-2 weeks.
mitral
6.Omit one dose, recheck INR.
prosthetic valves? With prosthetic
valves? 7. Take the dose as soon as possible. Do not double dose.
3.Referral to______for initiation and 8. Vitamin K foods
stabilization of warfarin dose.
4. How often do you check for
consistently stable INR?
5. How often do you check for
single out- of-range INR?
6.What do you educate the patient
to do if the INR less than 5 with no
significant
bleeding risk?
7. If one dose is missed, what do
you do?
8.What kind of foods to avoid
messing up the INR?
Pharmacology : Direct 1. Less monitoring and less side effects
Oran Anticoagulants 2. Apixaban (Eliquis)
(DOAC) 3.10 days
1. Why are DOACs better than
Warfarin?
2.Example of DOACs?
3.How long does it take for platelet
function to return to normal after a
patient stops taking Plavix?
Pharmacology : Thiazide Diuretics 1. HCTZ, Chlorthalidone
2.Sulfa allergy
1. Examples 3.Hykpokalemia, increases uric acid and increases LDL
2.Contraindication 4. Calcium, True
3.Adverse effects
4. Patients with osteoporosis
receive an extra benefit from
thiazide diuretics by reducing
excretion (T/F)
Pharmacology : Potassium-Sparing 1. Triamterene, Amiloride
Diuretics 2.Hyperkalemia
3. Elevates K+ levels
1. Examples 4.ACEIs and ARBs
2.Contraindication
3.Adverse effects
4. Do not combine with which
cardiac drugs to prevent
hyperkalemia?
Pharmacology : Loop Diuretics 1. Furosemide
2.Sulfa Allergy
1. Examples 3.Hypokalemia, Hyponatremia, hypomagnesemia
2.Contraindication/Allergy 4. Ototoxicity
3.Adverse effects
4.Which toxicity with loop
diuretics can occur?
2/17
, 3/23/25, 7:34 APEA Predictor Exam Study Flashcards |
AM
Pharmacology : ACEIs and ARBs 1. Lisinopril, Losartan
2.Pregnancy
1. Examples 3.Dry cough, Hyperkalemia, Angioedema
2.Black Box Warning/Contraindications 4. Heart Failure w/ left ventricular dysfinction (HFrEF)
3.Adverse Effects 5. No, because severe CKD and ACEIs and ARBs will lead to
4.ACEIs are first-line therapy for increased risk of hyperkalemia.
5.ACEIs and ARBs protect the
kidneys. But if severe CKD, should
you continue ACEIs and ARBs? Why?
Pharmacology : CCBs 1. Dihydropyridines: Amlodipine, Nifedipine
Nondihydropyridines: Verapamil, Diltiazem
1. Two types and Examples of 2.Heart block and Heart Failure
both types 3.Vasodilation
2.Cardiac contraindications
for Nondihydropyridines
3.Why does pedal edema occur
with dihydropyridines?
Pharmacology : BBs 1. Asthma, COPD
2.Bronchospasm
1. Contraindications
2. Adverse Effets
Pharmacology : Tetracy clines 1. Doxycycline
2.Permanent Discoloration
1. Examples: 3.Photosensitivity
2. Avoid use during pregnancy
and
breastfeeding due to____of teeth.
3.Sensitivity to what?
Pharmacology : Macrolides 1. Azithromycin, Erythromycin
2.Hepatotoxicity
1. Examples: 3.Azithromycin
2. Type of toxicity
3.Which is the most tolerated
macrolide from GI side effects of
Nausea and
vomiting?
Pharmacology : Cephalosporins 1. First: Cephalexin (Keflex), Second: Cefuroxime, Third: Cefdinir
2.Ceftriaxone (3rd Generation)
1. Examples of each of the 3.Kernicterus
First, Second and Third
Generation
2.First line of treatment
against gonorroheal
infections?
3.Avoid ceftriaxone in
hyperbilirubinemia infants because
it can cause
Pharmacology : PCNs 1. PCN, Amoxicillin, Augmentin
2.Rash
1. Examples
2. Avoid using amoxicillin for
patients with mononucleosis
because it can lead to a
Pharmacology : Fluoroquinolones 1. Ciprofloxacin, Levofloxacin
2. Achilles-Tendon Rupture, Torsades de Pointes, Abnormal bone development
3.Pregnant women and growing children
3/17
AM
APEA PREDICTOR EXAM STUDY QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED
Terms in this set (116)
First-Pass Effect 1. CYP450 metabolizes the drug in the liver to release the drug to
the body where it can be used.
1. What cytochrome metabolizes 2. Active
a 3.True
medication drug during the FIRST-
PASS Effect?
2.CYP450 enzyme is the most_______.
3.It can either be induced or inhibited
(T/F)
1. Increase in fat-to-water ratio, decrease in liver function, decrease in GFR
Pharmacokinetics
1. What are age-related changes?
(Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion)?
Pharmacology : Cardiac Glycosides 1. Second and Third
2.N/V, Hyperkalemia, Confusion, visual color changes
1. What order of line of 3.Digoxin level, CMP, EKG
treatment is Digoxin? 4. Digoxin-specific antibodies
2.Signs of Digoxin Overdose
3.Laboratory tests
4.Treatment
1/17
,3/23/25, 7:34 APEA Predictor Exam Study Flashcards |
AM
Pharmacology : Warfarin (Coumadin) 1. X
2.2.0-3.0, 2.5-3.5
1.____________Category for 3.Cardiologist or anticoagulation clinic
pregnancy. 4. Check every 2-4 weeks up to 12 weeks.
2. Target INR for patients without 5.Continue warfarin dose, retest INR in 1-2 weeks.
mitral
6.Omit one dose, recheck INR.
prosthetic valves? With prosthetic
valves? 7. Take the dose as soon as possible. Do not double dose.
3.Referral to______for initiation and 8. Vitamin K foods
stabilization of warfarin dose.
4. How often do you check for
consistently stable INR?
5. How often do you check for
single out- of-range INR?
6.What do you educate the patient
to do if the INR less than 5 with no
significant
bleeding risk?
7. If one dose is missed, what do
you do?
8.What kind of foods to avoid
messing up the INR?
Pharmacology : Direct 1. Less monitoring and less side effects
Oran Anticoagulants 2. Apixaban (Eliquis)
(DOAC) 3.10 days
1. Why are DOACs better than
Warfarin?
2.Example of DOACs?
3.How long does it take for platelet
function to return to normal after a
patient stops taking Plavix?
Pharmacology : Thiazide Diuretics 1. HCTZ, Chlorthalidone
2.Sulfa allergy
1. Examples 3.Hykpokalemia, increases uric acid and increases LDL
2.Contraindication 4. Calcium, True
3.Adverse effects
4. Patients with osteoporosis
receive an extra benefit from
thiazide diuretics by reducing
excretion (T/F)
Pharmacology : Potassium-Sparing 1. Triamterene, Amiloride
Diuretics 2.Hyperkalemia
3. Elevates K+ levels
1. Examples 4.ACEIs and ARBs
2.Contraindication
3.Adverse effects
4. Do not combine with which
cardiac drugs to prevent
hyperkalemia?
Pharmacology : Loop Diuretics 1. Furosemide
2.Sulfa Allergy
1. Examples 3.Hypokalemia, Hyponatremia, hypomagnesemia
2.Contraindication/Allergy 4. Ototoxicity
3.Adverse effects
4.Which toxicity with loop
diuretics can occur?
2/17
, 3/23/25, 7:34 APEA Predictor Exam Study Flashcards |
AM
Pharmacology : ACEIs and ARBs 1. Lisinopril, Losartan
2.Pregnancy
1. Examples 3.Dry cough, Hyperkalemia, Angioedema
2.Black Box Warning/Contraindications 4. Heart Failure w/ left ventricular dysfinction (HFrEF)
3.Adverse Effects 5. No, because severe CKD and ACEIs and ARBs will lead to
4.ACEIs are first-line therapy for increased risk of hyperkalemia.
5.ACEIs and ARBs protect the
kidneys. But if severe CKD, should
you continue ACEIs and ARBs? Why?
Pharmacology : CCBs 1. Dihydropyridines: Amlodipine, Nifedipine
Nondihydropyridines: Verapamil, Diltiazem
1. Two types and Examples of 2.Heart block and Heart Failure
both types 3.Vasodilation
2.Cardiac contraindications
for Nondihydropyridines
3.Why does pedal edema occur
with dihydropyridines?
Pharmacology : BBs 1. Asthma, COPD
2.Bronchospasm
1. Contraindications
2. Adverse Effets
Pharmacology : Tetracy clines 1. Doxycycline
2.Permanent Discoloration
1. Examples: 3.Photosensitivity
2. Avoid use during pregnancy
and
breastfeeding due to____of teeth.
3.Sensitivity to what?
Pharmacology : Macrolides 1. Azithromycin, Erythromycin
2.Hepatotoxicity
1. Examples: 3.Azithromycin
2. Type of toxicity
3.Which is the most tolerated
macrolide from GI side effects of
Nausea and
vomiting?
Pharmacology : Cephalosporins 1. First: Cephalexin (Keflex), Second: Cefuroxime, Third: Cefdinir
2.Ceftriaxone (3rd Generation)
1. Examples of each of the 3.Kernicterus
First, Second and Third
Generation
2.First line of treatment
against gonorroheal
infections?
3.Avoid ceftriaxone in
hyperbilirubinemia infants because
it can cause
Pharmacology : PCNs 1. PCN, Amoxicillin, Augmentin
2.Rash
1. Examples
2. Avoid using amoxicillin for
patients with mononucleosis
because it can lead to a
Pharmacology : Fluoroquinolones 1. Ciprofloxacin, Levofloxacin
2. Achilles-Tendon Rupture, Torsades de Pointes, Abnormal bone development
3.Pregnant women and growing children
3/17
