3/23/25, 7:48 FNP Leik System Review Flashcards |
AM
FNP LEIK SYSTEM REVIEW EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED
Terms in this set (1010)
Sensitivity (SNOUT) Negative results rules out the disease.
Specificity (SPIN) Positive results rules in the disease.
Prevent the disease in its entirety. Examples include healthy diet, exercise, safety
Primary Prevention
(helmets/seatbelts), immunizations, and job safety
Secondary Prevention Early detection of a disease. Examples include screening tests
Rehabilitation of a disease. Examples include support groups, education for pts
Tertiary Prevention with pre-existing disease, drug side effect safety, medical equipment safety, any
type of rehab like PT or OT
Breast Cancer Screening Guidelines Onset = 50yo. Biannual. Stop at age 74yo. No SBE.
(USPSTF)
Breast Cancer Screening Guidelines (ACA) Onset = 40yo. Annual. No stop age.
Onset=21yo (immunocompromised individuals start at onset of sexual activity). Every
3 years Pap w/ no HPV test until 30yo. Pap and HPV test after 30 yo and can
Cervical cancer screening guidelines
begin screening every 5 years. Stop at age 65yo. Complete hysterectomy means
no Pap unless pt has history of cervical cancer or high grade lesion.
Onset 50yo. 1) colonoscopy q 10 years if wnl, 2) sigmoidoscopy q 5 years if wnl,
Colorectal cancer
3) annual FOBT with 3 stool samples. Stop age 75 yo.
Prostate cancer USPSTF does not recommend screening with PSA but it based on individual pt.
Onset 18-35/45yo screen if at increased risk of heart disease. Males >35yo and
Lipid screening
Females >45yo
LAIV - Live virus can only be given to healthy non-pregnant 2 -49 yo w/o recent hx
of asthma (Peds). Cautioned in pts with egg, gentamicin or gelatin allergy and kids
Flu vaccine
receiving aspirin therapy (Reye's syndrome). TIV (trivalent inactivated vaccine) is
approved for >6months.
Q 10 years. Booster for dirty wounds if last TDAP/Td is > 5 years old. >7yo receive
Td/TDAP. Avoid in egg allergy and Gullian Barre. 5 doses of DTAP aka Pediarix
Tetanus vaccine (2,4,6,15 months and 5 yo) First TDAP is at age 11-12yo. Td is the booster every 10 years
or if someone has never had TDAP (came out in 2005) then they should have a one
time dose of TDAP and then continue with Td boosters.
PCV 23 given one time at age 65 yo in healthy adults and for persons who are
2 years and older and at high risk for pneumococcal disease (e.g., those with sickle
cell disease, HIV infection, or other immunocompromising conditions). PPSV23 is
also recommended for use in adults 19 through 64 years of age who smoke
cigarettes or who have asthma. One time booster given 5 years after first dose (So
Pneumococcal vaccine
non-healthy pts will receive 2 doses of PSV23 over their lifetime). PCV 13 is for <5
yo. When both PCV13 and PPSV23 are indicated, PCV13 should be administered first;
PCV13 and PPSV23 should not be administered during the same visit. When
indicated, PCV13 and PPSV23 should be administered to adults whose
pneumococcal vaccination history is incomplete or unknown.
60 yo. May be given to pts who have previously had shingles. May be given earlier
Varicella Vaccine
at age 50yo. Live virus so c/I include pregnancy and immunocompromised.
1/
6
, 3/23/25, 7:48 FNP Leik System Review Flashcards |
AM
Inflammation of the cornea. C/O abrupt severe eye pain, photophobia and
blurred vision. Diagnose with fluorescein dye and black lamp. Look for fernlike lines
Herpes Keratitis
(corneal abrasions appear more linear). Infection permanently damages corneal
epithelium which may result in blindness.
Glaucoma (Increased ICP r/t blocked drainage duct). Elderly pt c/o abrupt onset of
severe eye pain, HA, N/V, halos around eyes, and decreased vision. Exam reveals
Acute angle closure mid-dilated pupil that is oval shaped, cloudy cornea, and fundoscopic exam shows
cupping of the optic nerve. Tx = keep pt supine, trx to ED for acetazolamide, B
blockers, and topical steroids. Sx may be required
Cauliflower like growth in the middle ear. Pt c/o foul smelling discharge and hearing
loss. On exam, no TM or ossicles visible. PMhx of chronic OM. The mass is not
Cholesteatoma cancerous but it can erode in to the bones of the face and damage CN7. Tx =
ENT referral for sx, abx. Mass is usually made of epithelium and cholesterol.
AKA pearl tumor.
Bruise behind the ear over the mastoid process. Hx of trauma, and indicates a
Battle's sign fracture of the basilar skull. Golden serous discharge from ear or nose. Refer to ED
for abx and imaging (CSF will be + for glucose. Mucous will be - for glucose).
Blood clot in w/I cavernous sinus. This cavity houses internal carotid artery and CN
III, IV, V and VI). PmHx of sinus or facial infection. Pt c/o severe HA, high fever,
Cavernous sinus thrombosis
decreased LOC, unilateral periorbital edema, photophobia, proptosis and inability to
move eye appropriately.
Pt c/o severe sore throat, difficult and painful swallowing (odonophagia) and
Peritonsillar abcess LOCKJAW (trimus), and a hot potato voice. Unilateral swelling peritonsillar area and
soft palate with displaced uvula. Tx = I&D in ED or needle aspiration
Bull neck, dysphagia, and gray/yellow psuedomembrane that is not to displace (stuff
Diptheria
is like concrete) and may obstruct airway
Geographic tongue Benign finding
Torus Palatinus Painless bony protuberance on hard palate that is benign
Fishtail uvula Split uvula is usually benign (rarely a sign of cleft palate)
Vertical nystagmus is always abnormal. Horizontal nystagmus that occurs on
Nystagmus
prolonged lateral gaze and resolves when eye moves toward midline is benign
Optic disc swollen w blurred edges r/t increased ICP (most commonly from
Papilledema
bleeding, brain tumor, abscess or pseudo tumor cerebri).
result from damage and adaptive changes in the arterial and arteriolar circulation
HTN Retinopathy includes in response to the high blood pressure such as Copper/silver arterioles, AV
nicking, blot/flame hemorrhages, hard exudates and papilledema
Eye condition seen with poorly controlled HTN. Indicates sclerosis and hyalinization
Copper/silver arterioles
of the arterioles. Silver is worse than copper.
Microaneurysms caused by new fragile arteries in the retina. Examples see cotton
Diabetic Retinopathy
wool spots, flame hemorrhages and dot-blot hemorrhages.
Cataracts Opacity of cornea
Small sized red papules w/ blue white centers inside the cheeks by the lower molars.
Koplik's spots
They are the prodromic viral enathem of measles (Rubeola)
Hairy Leukoplakia From the Epstein barr virus in immunocompromised pts (seen w HIV).
Chronic autoimmune disorder characterized by decreased function of lacrimal and
Sjogren's syndrome
salivary glands.
2/
6
AM
FNP LEIK SYSTEM REVIEW EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED
Terms in this set (1010)
Sensitivity (SNOUT) Negative results rules out the disease.
Specificity (SPIN) Positive results rules in the disease.
Prevent the disease in its entirety. Examples include healthy diet, exercise, safety
Primary Prevention
(helmets/seatbelts), immunizations, and job safety
Secondary Prevention Early detection of a disease. Examples include screening tests
Rehabilitation of a disease. Examples include support groups, education for pts
Tertiary Prevention with pre-existing disease, drug side effect safety, medical equipment safety, any
type of rehab like PT or OT
Breast Cancer Screening Guidelines Onset = 50yo. Biannual. Stop at age 74yo. No SBE.
(USPSTF)
Breast Cancer Screening Guidelines (ACA) Onset = 40yo. Annual. No stop age.
Onset=21yo (immunocompromised individuals start at onset of sexual activity). Every
3 years Pap w/ no HPV test until 30yo. Pap and HPV test after 30 yo and can
Cervical cancer screening guidelines
begin screening every 5 years. Stop at age 65yo. Complete hysterectomy means
no Pap unless pt has history of cervical cancer or high grade lesion.
Onset 50yo. 1) colonoscopy q 10 years if wnl, 2) sigmoidoscopy q 5 years if wnl,
Colorectal cancer
3) annual FOBT with 3 stool samples. Stop age 75 yo.
Prostate cancer USPSTF does not recommend screening with PSA but it based on individual pt.
Onset 18-35/45yo screen if at increased risk of heart disease. Males >35yo and
Lipid screening
Females >45yo
LAIV - Live virus can only be given to healthy non-pregnant 2 -49 yo w/o recent hx
of asthma (Peds). Cautioned in pts with egg, gentamicin or gelatin allergy and kids
Flu vaccine
receiving aspirin therapy (Reye's syndrome). TIV (trivalent inactivated vaccine) is
approved for >6months.
Q 10 years. Booster for dirty wounds if last TDAP/Td is > 5 years old. >7yo receive
Td/TDAP. Avoid in egg allergy and Gullian Barre. 5 doses of DTAP aka Pediarix
Tetanus vaccine (2,4,6,15 months and 5 yo) First TDAP is at age 11-12yo. Td is the booster every 10 years
or if someone has never had TDAP (came out in 2005) then they should have a one
time dose of TDAP and then continue with Td boosters.
PCV 23 given one time at age 65 yo in healthy adults and for persons who are
2 years and older and at high risk for pneumococcal disease (e.g., those with sickle
cell disease, HIV infection, or other immunocompromising conditions). PPSV23 is
also recommended for use in adults 19 through 64 years of age who smoke
cigarettes or who have asthma. One time booster given 5 years after first dose (So
Pneumococcal vaccine
non-healthy pts will receive 2 doses of PSV23 over their lifetime). PCV 13 is for <5
yo. When both PCV13 and PPSV23 are indicated, PCV13 should be administered first;
PCV13 and PPSV23 should not be administered during the same visit. When
indicated, PCV13 and PPSV23 should be administered to adults whose
pneumococcal vaccination history is incomplete or unknown.
60 yo. May be given to pts who have previously had shingles. May be given earlier
Varicella Vaccine
at age 50yo. Live virus so c/I include pregnancy and immunocompromised.
1/
6
, 3/23/25, 7:48 FNP Leik System Review Flashcards |
AM
Inflammation of the cornea. C/O abrupt severe eye pain, photophobia and
blurred vision. Diagnose with fluorescein dye and black lamp. Look for fernlike lines
Herpes Keratitis
(corneal abrasions appear more linear). Infection permanently damages corneal
epithelium which may result in blindness.
Glaucoma (Increased ICP r/t blocked drainage duct). Elderly pt c/o abrupt onset of
severe eye pain, HA, N/V, halos around eyes, and decreased vision. Exam reveals
Acute angle closure mid-dilated pupil that is oval shaped, cloudy cornea, and fundoscopic exam shows
cupping of the optic nerve. Tx = keep pt supine, trx to ED for acetazolamide, B
blockers, and topical steroids. Sx may be required
Cauliflower like growth in the middle ear. Pt c/o foul smelling discharge and hearing
loss. On exam, no TM or ossicles visible. PMhx of chronic OM. The mass is not
Cholesteatoma cancerous but it can erode in to the bones of the face and damage CN7. Tx =
ENT referral for sx, abx. Mass is usually made of epithelium and cholesterol.
AKA pearl tumor.
Bruise behind the ear over the mastoid process. Hx of trauma, and indicates a
Battle's sign fracture of the basilar skull. Golden serous discharge from ear or nose. Refer to ED
for abx and imaging (CSF will be + for glucose. Mucous will be - for glucose).
Blood clot in w/I cavernous sinus. This cavity houses internal carotid artery and CN
III, IV, V and VI). PmHx of sinus or facial infection. Pt c/o severe HA, high fever,
Cavernous sinus thrombosis
decreased LOC, unilateral periorbital edema, photophobia, proptosis and inability to
move eye appropriately.
Pt c/o severe sore throat, difficult and painful swallowing (odonophagia) and
Peritonsillar abcess LOCKJAW (trimus), and a hot potato voice. Unilateral swelling peritonsillar area and
soft palate with displaced uvula. Tx = I&D in ED or needle aspiration
Bull neck, dysphagia, and gray/yellow psuedomembrane that is not to displace (stuff
Diptheria
is like concrete) and may obstruct airway
Geographic tongue Benign finding
Torus Palatinus Painless bony protuberance on hard palate that is benign
Fishtail uvula Split uvula is usually benign (rarely a sign of cleft palate)
Vertical nystagmus is always abnormal. Horizontal nystagmus that occurs on
Nystagmus
prolonged lateral gaze and resolves when eye moves toward midline is benign
Optic disc swollen w blurred edges r/t increased ICP (most commonly from
Papilledema
bleeding, brain tumor, abscess or pseudo tumor cerebri).
result from damage and adaptive changes in the arterial and arteriolar circulation
HTN Retinopathy includes in response to the high blood pressure such as Copper/silver arterioles, AV
nicking, blot/flame hemorrhages, hard exudates and papilledema
Eye condition seen with poorly controlled HTN. Indicates sclerosis and hyalinization
Copper/silver arterioles
of the arterioles. Silver is worse than copper.
Microaneurysms caused by new fragile arteries in the retina. Examples see cotton
Diabetic Retinopathy
wool spots, flame hemorrhages and dot-blot hemorrhages.
Cataracts Opacity of cornea
Small sized red papules w/ blue white centers inside the cheeks by the lower molars.
Koplik's spots
They are the prodromic viral enathem of measles (Rubeola)
Hairy Leukoplakia From the Epstein barr virus in immunocompromised pts (seen w HIV).
Chronic autoimmune disorder characterized by decreased function of lacrimal and
Sjogren's syndrome
salivary glands.
2/
6
