3/23/25, 7:54 NR 661 VISE Flashcards |
AM
NR 661 VISE EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE
SOLUTIONS VERIFIED
Terms in this set (191)
Most are not symptomatic, Occipital Headaches, headache on awakening in am,
hypertension - presentation
blurry vision
· Asymptomatic
· Occipital headache
· Blurry vision
hypertension - assessment
· Headache upon wakening
· Look for AV nicking
· LVH (left vent hypertrophy - sob, fatigue, cp, dizzy)
to look for secondary causes of HTN like target organ damage and establish ASCVD
Hypertension - Diagnostic Studies risk: EKG, fasting lipid profile, fasting blood glucose, CBC, CMP (electrolyte,
creatinine, & calcium levels), and urinalysis (checking for proteinuria).
Measure BP 5 minutes apart. Average of 2 or more BP readings on two different
hypertension - diagnosis
visits at > 140/90 mm Hg start then can be diagnosed with HTN.
Stage 1 (ASCVD <10%) then non-pharmacologic management only:
· First: Lifestyle modifications: diet and exercise 30 minutes aerobic exercise 5 days
per week.
· Limit alcohol
· stop smoking
Hypertension - staging · stress management.
· DASH
· Medication compliance
· Reduce sodium intake
· Measure BP daily
If Stage 2 (ASCVD >10% and known CAD) initiate lifestyle + Pharmacologic
· Alone: hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) 25 mg/day (chlorthalidone is preferred over
HCTZ)
Hypertension · Alone: lisinopril 10mg/day complicated HTN first line
pharmacological · Combo: thiazide + ACE or ARB
management · Alternative CB (especially in isolated HTN seen mainly in older adults)
· Black population: thiazide + CCB is recommended first line
hypertension f/u 2-4 weeks
hypertension referral cardiology if ekg abnormal
· Secondary hypertension
hypertension differential · Pregnant
· Pregnancy induced hypertension
inflammation of the maxillary sinus due to viral, bacterial, or fungal infection or
acute maxillary sinusitis - etiology
allergic reaction
symptoms last < 12 weeks
· Common bacterial causes: strep pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae,
acute sinusitis
Moraxella catarrhalis
· Common viral causes: rhonovirus, coronavirus, flu A and B, parainfluenza, RSV
recurrent acute sinusitis at least 3 episodes of acute bacterial sinusitis in a year
1/11
, 3/23/25, 7:54 NR 661 VISE Flashcards |
AM
symptoms of varying severity > 12 weeks; further classified with or without nasal
polyps, abnormal findings on CT scan or nasal endoscopy
· Gram negative is more likely
chronic sinusitis
· Staph aureus
· Pseudomonas aeruginosa
· Anaerobic organisms
· Fever may or may not be present
· Persistent symptoms of URI (> 10-14 days)
· Congestion, purulent nasal discharge
· headache, sore throat,
· Pain and pressure over cheeks and upper teeth suggest maxillary
sinusitis - presentations
· Pain and pressure over eyebrows suggest frontal
· Pain and pressure/tenderness behind and between eyes suggests ethmoid
· cough, anosmia, halitosis, postnasal discharge, periorbital edema
Symptoms > 10 days that worsen after initial improvement, persistent purulent nasal
discharge, fever, unilateral face or tooth pain is more likely a bacterial infection
CBC (elevated WBC),
sinus x-rays for recurrent disease
sinusitis - diagnostics transillumination: opacification with air-fluid levels if sinus cavity is infected
CT scan for recurrent disease
Consider c and s for treatment resistant infections
Avoid environmental irritants,
Humidified air
treat otitis media,
sinusitis -- nonpharmacological
sleep with HOB elevated to aid with drainage,
Good hand hygiene
blowing nose, not sniffing.
First line- Augmentin 875 mg/125 mg PO BID for 5 days,
Allergic to Penicillin then Doxycycline 100mg BID for 5-7 days OR 200mg PO daily
for 5-7 days Levofloxacin 500mg PO daily for 10-14 days Monifloxacin 400mg PO
sinusitis -- pharmacological daily for 5-7 days
Macrolides no longer recommended due to high resistance
Analgesics for headache and fever
Saline irrigation
Follow up:
1 week or until clinically free of
infection Referral:
sinusitis - f/u, referral
May refer to ENT for recurrent infections or resistance to tx
Consider immediate referral if periorbital cellulitis
ER if meningitis suspected
may be familial, dietary, obesity, hypothyroid, renal disorders, thiazide or beta
hyperlipidemia - etilogy
blocker use, alcohol and/or caffeine intake
· Xanthomata (lipid deposits around the eyes)
· Corneal Arcus prior to age 50 years (white iris), normal
· Angina
hyperlipidemia - presentation
· Bruits
· MI
· Stroke
2/11
AM
NR 661 VISE EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE
SOLUTIONS VERIFIED
Terms in this set (191)
Most are not symptomatic, Occipital Headaches, headache on awakening in am,
hypertension - presentation
blurry vision
· Asymptomatic
· Occipital headache
· Blurry vision
hypertension - assessment
· Headache upon wakening
· Look for AV nicking
· LVH (left vent hypertrophy - sob, fatigue, cp, dizzy)
to look for secondary causes of HTN like target organ damage and establish ASCVD
Hypertension - Diagnostic Studies risk: EKG, fasting lipid profile, fasting blood glucose, CBC, CMP (electrolyte,
creatinine, & calcium levels), and urinalysis (checking for proteinuria).
Measure BP 5 minutes apart. Average of 2 or more BP readings on two different
hypertension - diagnosis
visits at > 140/90 mm Hg start then can be diagnosed with HTN.
Stage 1 (ASCVD <10%) then non-pharmacologic management only:
· First: Lifestyle modifications: diet and exercise 30 minutes aerobic exercise 5 days
per week.
· Limit alcohol
· stop smoking
Hypertension - staging · stress management.
· DASH
· Medication compliance
· Reduce sodium intake
· Measure BP daily
If Stage 2 (ASCVD >10% and known CAD) initiate lifestyle + Pharmacologic
· Alone: hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) 25 mg/day (chlorthalidone is preferred over
HCTZ)
Hypertension · Alone: lisinopril 10mg/day complicated HTN first line
pharmacological · Combo: thiazide + ACE or ARB
management · Alternative CB (especially in isolated HTN seen mainly in older adults)
· Black population: thiazide + CCB is recommended first line
hypertension f/u 2-4 weeks
hypertension referral cardiology if ekg abnormal
· Secondary hypertension
hypertension differential · Pregnant
· Pregnancy induced hypertension
inflammation of the maxillary sinus due to viral, bacterial, or fungal infection or
acute maxillary sinusitis - etiology
allergic reaction
symptoms last < 12 weeks
· Common bacterial causes: strep pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae,
acute sinusitis
Moraxella catarrhalis
· Common viral causes: rhonovirus, coronavirus, flu A and B, parainfluenza, RSV
recurrent acute sinusitis at least 3 episodes of acute bacterial sinusitis in a year
1/11
, 3/23/25, 7:54 NR 661 VISE Flashcards |
AM
symptoms of varying severity > 12 weeks; further classified with or without nasal
polyps, abnormal findings on CT scan or nasal endoscopy
· Gram negative is more likely
chronic sinusitis
· Staph aureus
· Pseudomonas aeruginosa
· Anaerobic organisms
· Fever may or may not be present
· Persistent symptoms of URI (> 10-14 days)
· Congestion, purulent nasal discharge
· headache, sore throat,
· Pain and pressure over cheeks and upper teeth suggest maxillary
sinusitis - presentations
· Pain and pressure over eyebrows suggest frontal
· Pain and pressure/tenderness behind and between eyes suggests ethmoid
· cough, anosmia, halitosis, postnasal discharge, periorbital edema
Symptoms > 10 days that worsen after initial improvement, persistent purulent nasal
discharge, fever, unilateral face or tooth pain is more likely a bacterial infection
CBC (elevated WBC),
sinus x-rays for recurrent disease
sinusitis - diagnostics transillumination: opacification with air-fluid levels if sinus cavity is infected
CT scan for recurrent disease
Consider c and s for treatment resistant infections
Avoid environmental irritants,
Humidified air
treat otitis media,
sinusitis -- nonpharmacological
sleep with HOB elevated to aid with drainage,
Good hand hygiene
blowing nose, not sniffing.
First line- Augmentin 875 mg/125 mg PO BID for 5 days,
Allergic to Penicillin then Doxycycline 100mg BID for 5-7 days OR 200mg PO daily
for 5-7 days Levofloxacin 500mg PO daily for 10-14 days Monifloxacin 400mg PO
sinusitis -- pharmacological daily for 5-7 days
Macrolides no longer recommended due to high resistance
Analgesics for headache and fever
Saline irrigation
Follow up:
1 week or until clinically free of
infection Referral:
sinusitis - f/u, referral
May refer to ENT for recurrent infections or resistance to tx
Consider immediate referral if periorbital cellulitis
ER if meningitis suspected
may be familial, dietary, obesity, hypothyroid, renal disorders, thiazide or beta
hyperlipidemia - etilogy
blocker use, alcohol and/or caffeine intake
· Xanthomata (lipid deposits around the eyes)
· Corneal Arcus prior to age 50 years (white iris), normal
· Angina
hyperlipidemia - presentation
· Bruits
· MI
· Stroke
2/11
