3/23/25, 8:16 uworld pediatrics Flashcards |
AM
UWORLD PEDIATRICS EXAM QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS VERIFIED
Terms in this set (104)
The clinic nurse supervises a 2.
graduate nurse who is teaching the
parents of a 2- year-old with acute
diarrhea about home management. The During bouts of acute diarrhea and dehydration, treatment focuses on maintaining
nurse would need to intervene when adequate fluid and electrolyte balance. The first-line treatment is oral
the graduate nurse provides which rehydration therapy, using oral rehydration solutions (ORSs) to increase
instruction? reabsorption of water and sodium. Even if the diarrhea is accompanied by vomiting,
The clinic nurse supervises a ORS should still be offered in small amounts at frequent intervals. Continuing the
graduate nurse who is teaching the child's normal diet (solid foods) is encouraged as it shortens the duration and
parents of a 2- year-old with acute severity of the diarrhea. The BRAT (bananas, rice, applesauce, and toast) diet is not
diarrhea about home management. The recommended as it does not provide sufficient protein or energy.
nurse would need to intervene when (Option 1) Use of antidiarrheal medications is discouraged as these have little effect
the graduate nurse provides which in controlling diarrhea and may actually be harmful by prolonging some bacterial
instruction? infections and causing fatal paralytic ileus in children.
1. (Option 3) Parents should be taught to monitor their child for signs of dehydration by
"Do not administer antidiarrheal checking the amount of fluid intake, number of wet diapers, presence of sunken
medications to your child." eyes, and the condition of the mucous membranes.
2. (Option 4) Protecting the perineal skin from breakdown during bouts of diarrhea can
"Follow the bananas, rice, applesauce, and be accomplished by using skin barrier creams (eg, petrolatum or zinc oxide).
toast diet for the next few days." Educational objective:
3. When a child is experiencing acute diarrhea, the priority is to monitor for
"Record the number of wet diapers and dehydration. Treatment is accomplished with oral rehydration solutions and early
return to the clinic if you notice a reintroduction of the child's normal diet (usual foods).
decrease."
4.
"Use a skin barrier cream such as zinc
oxide in the diaper area until diarrhea
subsides."
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3.
Hirschsprung disease (HD) occurs when a child is born with some sections of
the distal large intestine missing nerve cells, rendering the internal anal sphincter
unable to relax. As a result, there is no peristalsis and stool is not passed. These
The nurse is caring for an infant
newborns exhibit symptoms of distal intestinal obstruction. They have a distended
diagnosed with Hirschsprung disease who
abdomen and will not pass meconium within the expected 24-48 hours. They also
is awaiting surgery. Which assessment
have difficulty feeding and often vomit green bile. Surgical removal of the
finding requires the nurse's immediate
defective section of bowel is necessary and colostomy may be required.
action?
A potentially fatal complication is Hirschsprung enterocolitis, an inflammation of the
1.
colon, which can lead to sepsis and death. Enterocolitis will present with fever;
Abdominal distension with no change in
lethargy; explosive, foul-smelling diarrhea; and rapidly worsening abdominal
girth for 8 hours
distension.
2.
(Option 1) Mild to moderate abdominal distension is an expected finding with
Did not pass meconium or stool within 48
a diagnosis of HD; however, increasing abdominal girth is a serious finding that
hours after birth
must be reported.
3.
(Option 2) Failure to pass meconium or stool within 24-48 hours after birth is
Episode of foul-smelling diarrhea and fever
an expected finding of HD.
4.
(Option 4) Bilious vomiting and excessive crying are expected findings of HD. In
Excessive crying and greenish vomiting enterocolitis, vomiting can occur more frequently and the client appears more ill.
Educational objective:
Enterocolitis, a potentially fatal complication of Hirschsprung disease, is
characterized by explosive, foul-smelling diarrhea; fever; and worsening abdominal
distension.
2,3,4,6
Bacterial meningitis is an inflammation of the meninges in the brain and spinal
cord that is caused by specific types of bacteria, including group B
A nurse is caring for a 3-month-old streptococcal, meningococcal, or pneumococcal pathogens.
infant who has bacterial meningitis. Which Clinical manifestations of bacterial meningitis in infants age <2 include:
clinical findings support this diagnosis? Fever or possible hypothermia
Select all that apply. Irritability, frequent seizures
1. High-pitched cry
Depressed anterior fontanelle Poor feeding and vomiting
2. Nuchal rigidity
Frequent seizures Bulging fontanelle possible but not always present
3. One of the most common acute complications of bacterial meningitis in children is
High-pitched hydrocephalus. Long-term complications include hearing loss, learning disabilities,
cry 4. and brain damage. Due to the severity of potential complications, prompt
Poor feeding identification and immediate treatment are vital for any client with suspected
5. bacterial meningitis.
Presence of the Babinski sign (Option 1) Infants with bacterial meningitis may have bulging fontanelles due to an
6. increase in intracranial pressure. Depressed fontanelles indicate severe dehydration.
Vomiting (Option 5) The Babinski reflex can be present up to 1-2 years and is a normal
expected finding; it does not indicate meningitis.
Educational objective:Bacterial meningitis is inflammation of the meninges in the
brain and spinal cord caused by bacterial infection. Key characteristics of bacterial
meningitis in infants under age 2 include frequent seizures, a high-pitched cry, poor
feeding, nuchal rigidity, and possible bulging fontanelles.
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AM
1.
A school nurse is educating the parent of a
young client with pediculosis capitis. Which Preventing the spread of pediculosis capitis (head lice) may be accomplished by
statement by the parent indicates using hot water to launder clothing, sheets, and towels in the washing machine; these
understanding of the teaching? items should then be placed in a hot dryer for 20 minutes. Treatment of head lice
1. consists of the use of pediculicides and the removal of nits (eggs).
"I will launder recently worn clothing, (Option 2) Head lice are not spread by oral contact with eating utensils. Instead,
sheets, and towels in hot water." they are spread by direct person-to-person contact or by nits that hatch in the
2. environment and remain on clothing, combs, and pillows.
"I will make sure all eating utensils are (Option 3) Spraying insecticides around children and pets in the home is not
placed in the dishwasher." recommended due to the risk of inhalation or skin contact.
3. (Option 4) Items that cannot be washed or dry cleaned may be placed in
"I will spray the house with insecticide sealed plastic bags for 14 days to kill active lice or lice that hatch from the nits in 7-
to control this problem." 10 days. Vacuuming of furniture, carpets, stuffed toys, rugs, and mattresses is also
4. recommended to prevent the spread of lice and nits.
"I will throw away stuffed animals and toys Educational objective:
that cannot be washed." Pediculosis capitis (head lice) is a common parasitic infestation of the scalp that
is typically seen in school-aged children. It is spread by contact with personal
items such as clothing, combs, and bedding.
The clinic nurse is reviewing self-care 1.
management of acne vulgaris with an
adolescent client. Which client Additional self-care measures include:
statement indicates a need for further Using noncomedogenic skin care products (ie, products that do not clog pores) to
instruction? 1. avoid creating new lesions (Option 2)
"I have been scrubbing my face twice daily Maintaining a healthy lifestyle (eg, moderate exercise, balanced diet, adequate
with antibacterial soap." sleep) to reduce stress and promote healing (Option 3)
2. Refraining from squeezing, picking, and vigorously scrubbing lesions to prevent
"I should buy skin care products that are additional inflammation and worsening the acne (Option 4)
labeled noncomedogenic."
3.
"Maintaining a nutritious diet will help my
skin heal."
4.
"Picking or squeezing the lesions will
worsen my acne."
A client diagnosed with acute 2.
glomerulonephritis has pitting edema in
both lower extremities, blood pressure of
170/80 mm Hg, and proteinuria. When The most accurate indicator of fluid loss or gain in an acutely ill client is weight, as
developing a plan of care for this client, the accurate intake and output and assessment of insensible losses may be difficult
nurse should include which most accurate (Option 3). A 2.2-lb (1-kg) weight gain is equal to 1,000 mL of retained fluid.
indicator of fluid loss or gain? (Option 1) Blood pressure measures the amount of pressure exerted on the arterial
1. walls due to factors such as peripheral artery constriction or dilation, not just fluid
Blood pressure volume status.
measurements 2. (Option 4) Pitting edema is not an accurate indicator as the fluid may shift
Daily weight measurements from intravascular to interstitial spaces without an overall change in fluid gain
3. or loss throughout the body.
Intake and output measurements Educational objective:
4. The most accurate indicator of fluid loss or gain in an acutely ill client is daily weight.
Severity of pitting edema
4/41
AM
UWORLD PEDIATRICS EXAM QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS VERIFIED
Terms in this set (104)
The clinic nurse supervises a 2.
graduate nurse who is teaching the
parents of a 2- year-old with acute
diarrhea about home management. The During bouts of acute diarrhea and dehydration, treatment focuses on maintaining
nurse would need to intervene when adequate fluid and electrolyte balance. The first-line treatment is oral
the graduate nurse provides which rehydration therapy, using oral rehydration solutions (ORSs) to increase
instruction? reabsorption of water and sodium. Even if the diarrhea is accompanied by vomiting,
The clinic nurse supervises a ORS should still be offered in small amounts at frequent intervals. Continuing the
graduate nurse who is teaching the child's normal diet (solid foods) is encouraged as it shortens the duration and
parents of a 2- year-old with acute severity of the diarrhea. The BRAT (bananas, rice, applesauce, and toast) diet is not
diarrhea about home management. The recommended as it does not provide sufficient protein or energy.
nurse would need to intervene when (Option 1) Use of antidiarrheal medications is discouraged as these have little effect
the graduate nurse provides which in controlling diarrhea and may actually be harmful by prolonging some bacterial
instruction? infections and causing fatal paralytic ileus in children.
1. (Option 3) Parents should be taught to monitor their child for signs of dehydration by
"Do not administer antidiarrheal checking the amount of fluid intake, number of wet diapers, presence of sunken
medications to your child." eyes, and the condition of the mucous membranes.
2. (Option 4) Protecting the perineal skin from breakdown during bouts of diarrhea can
"Follow the bananas, rice, applesauce, and be accomplished by using skin barrier creams (eg, petrolatum or zinc oxide).
toast diet for the next few days." Educational objective:
3. When a child is experiencing acute diarrhea, the priority is to monitor for
"Record the number of wet diapers and dehydration. Treatment is accomplished with oral rehydration solutions and early
return to the clinic if you notice a reintroduction of the child's normal diet (usual foods).
decrease."
4.
"Use a skin barrier cream such as zinc
oxide in the diaper area until diarrhea
subsides."
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AM
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AM
3.
Hirschsprung disease (HD) occurs when a child is born with some sections of
the distal large intestine missing nerve cells, rendering the internal anal sphincter
unable to relax. As a result, there is no peristalsis and stool is not passed. These
The nurse is caring for an infant
newborns exhibit symptoms of distal intestinal obstruction. They have a distended
diagnosed with Hirschsprung disease who
abdomen and will not pass meconium within the expected 24-48 hours. They also
is awaiting surgery. Which assessment
have difficulty feeding and often vomit green bile. Surgical removal of the
finding requires the nurse's immediate
defective section of bowel is necessary and colostomy may be required.
action?
A potentially fatal complication is Hirschsprung enterocolitis, an inflammation of the
1.
colon, which can lead to sepsis and death. Enterocolitis will present with fever;
Abdominal distension with no change in
lethargy; explosive, foul-smelling diarrhea; and rapidly worsening abdominal
girth for 8 hours
distension.
2.
(Option 1) Mild to moderate abdominal distension is an expected finding with
Did not pass meconium or stool within 48
a diagnosis of HD; however, increasing abdominal girth is a serious finding that
hours after birth
must be reported.
3.
(Option 2) Failure to pass meconium or stool within 24-48 hours after birth is
Episode of foul-smelling diarrhea and fever
an expected finding of HD.
4.
(Option 4) Bilious vomiting and excessive crying are expected findings of HD. In
Excessive crying and greenish vomiting enterocolitis, vomiting can occur more frequently and the client appears more ill.
Educational objective:
Enterocolitis, a potentially fatal complication of Hirschsprung disease, is
characterized by explosive, foul-smelling diarrhea; fever; and worsening abdominal
distension.
2,3,4,6
Bacterial meningitis is an inflammation of the meninges in the brain and spinal
cord that is caused by specific types of bacteria, including group B
A nurse is caring for a 3-month-old streptococcal, meningococcal, or pneumococcal pathogens.
infant who has bacterial meningitis. Which Clinical manifestations of bacterial meningitis in infants age <2 include:
clinical findings support this diagnosis? Fever or possible hypothermia
Select all that apply. Irritability, frequent seizures
1. High-pitched cry
Depressed anterior fontanelle Poor feeding and vomiting
2. Nuchal rigidity
Frequent seizures Bulging fontanelle possible but not always present
3. One of the most common acute complications of bacterial meningitis in children is
High-pitched hydrocephalus. Long-term complications include hearing loss, learning disabilities,
cry 4. and brain damage. Due to the severity of potential complications, prompt
Poor feeding identification and immediate treatment are vital for any client with suspected
5. bacterial meningitis.
Presence of the Babinski sign (Option 1) Infants with bacterial meningitis may have bulging fontanelles due to an
6. increase in intracranial pressure. Depressed fontanelles indicate severe dehydration.
Vomiting (Option 5) The Babinski reflex can be present up to 1-2 years and is a normal
expected finding; it does not indicate meningitis.
Educational objective:Bacterial meningitis is inflammation of the meninges in the
brain and spinal cord caused by bacterial infection. Key characteristics of bacterial
meningitis in infants under age 2 include frequent seizures, a high-pitched cry, poor
feeding, nuchal rigidity, and possible bulging fontanelles.
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, 3/23/25, 8:16 uworld pediatrics Flashcards |
AM
1.
A school nurse is educating the parent of a
young client with pediculosis capitis. Which Preventing the spread of pediculosis capitis (head lice) may be accomplished by
statement by the parent indicates using hot water to launder clothing, sheets, and towels in the washing machine; these
understanding of the teaching? items should then be placed in a hot dryer for 20 minutes. Treatment of head lice
1. consists of the use of pediculicides and the removal of nits (eggs).
"I will launder recently worn clothing, (Option 2) Head lice are not spread by oral contact with eating utensils. Instead,
sheets, and towels in hot water." they are spread by direct person-to-person contact or by nits that hatch in the
2. environment and remain on clothing, combs, and pillows.
"I will make sure all eating utensils are (Option 3) Spraying insecticides around children and pets in the home is not
placed in the dishwasher." recommended due to the risk of inhalation or skin contact.
3. (Option 4) Items that cannot be washed or dry cleaned may be placed in
"I will spray the house with insecticide sealed plastic bags for 14 days to kill active lice or lice that hatch from the nits in 7-
to control this problem." 10 days. Vacuuming of furniture, carpets, stuffed toys, rugs, and mattresses is also
4. recommended to prevent the spread of lice and nits.
"I will throw away stuffed animals and toys Educational objective:
that cannot be washed." Pediculosis capitis (head lice) is a common parasitic infestation of the scalp that
is typically seen in school-aged children. It is spread by contact with personal
items such as clothing, combs, and bedding.
The clinic nurse is reviewing self-care 1.
management of acne vulgaris with an
adolescent client. Which client Additional self-care measures include:
statement indicates a need for further Using noncomedogenic skin care products (ie, products that do not clog pores) to
instruction? 1. avoid creating new lesions (Option 2)
"I have been scrubbing my face twice daily Maintaining a healthy lifestyle (eg, moderate exercise, balanced diet, adequate
with antibacterial soap." sleep) to reduce stress and promote healing (Option 3)
2. Refraining from squeezing, picking, and vigorously scrubbing lesions to prevent
"I should buy skin care products that are additional inflammation and worsening the acne (Option 4)
labeled noncomedogenic."
3.
"Maintaining a nutritious diet will help my
skin heal."
4.
"Picking or squeezing the lesions will
worsen my acne."
A client diagnosed with acute 2.
glomerulonephritis has pitting edema in
both lower extremities, blood pressure of
170/80 mm Hg, and proteinuria. When The most accurate indicator of fluid loss or gain in an acutely ill client is weight, as
developing a plan of care for this client, the accurate intake and output and assessment of insensible losses may be difficult
nurse should include which most accurate (Option 3). A 2.2-lb (1-kg) weight gain is equal to 1,000 mL of retained fluid.
indicator of fluid loss or gain? (Option 1) Blood pressure measures the amount of pressure exerted on the arterial
1. walls due to factors such as peripheral artery constriction or dilation, not just fluid
Blood pressure volume status.
measurements 2. (Option 4) Pitting edema is not an accurate indicator as the fluid may shift
Daily weight measurements from intravascular to interstitial spaces without an overall change in fluid gain
3. or loss throughout the body.
Intake and output measurements Educational objective:
4. The most accurate indicator of fluid loss or gain in an acutely ill client is daily weight.
Severity of pitting edema
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