3/23/25, 8:55 EENT EXAM Flashcards |
AM
EENT EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWER WITH COMPLETE
SOLUTIONS
Terms in this set (97)
Older age of symptom onset
A 30 year old male has been diagnosed Explanation:
with non-allergic rhinitis. What finding is Non-allergic rhinitis, often called vasomotor rhinitis, is very common in the US. It is
more likely in non-allergic rhinitis typically diagnosed and differentiated from allergic rhinitis by history. Although both
than conditions may co-exist in patients, non-allergic rhinitis typically has onset after age
allergic rhinitis? 20 years. Allergic rhinitis typically presents prior to age 20 years. The most common
symptoms associated with non-allergenic rhinitis are nasal congestion and post-
Older age of symptom onset nasal drip. It is predominantly reported in females. Common precipitants of non-
Male gender allergic rhinitis symptoms can occur with exposure to spicy foods, cigarette smoke,
Post nasal drip strong odors, perfumes, and alcohol consumption. This is frequently treated with
Sneezing topical azelastine.
The throat swab done to identify A second swab should be collected and sent to microbiology.
Streptococcal infection was negative in a Explanation:
12 year-old female with tonsillar A second swab is collected, but it is not used to repeat the test. The second swab is
exudate, sent to microbiology for culture. The sensitivity varies in office Strept tests. Some are
fever, and sore throat. What statement is as low as 50% and a second swab should be collected. If beta-hemolytic Strept
true regarding this? organisms are grown out, then the patient can be diagnosed with Streptococcal
infection
A second swab should be done to repeat
the test.
The patient does not have Strept throat.
The patient probably has mononucleosis.
A second swab should be collected
and sent to microbiology.
What is the usual age for vision screening in 3 years
young children? Explanation:
Initial vision screening should take place at 3 years of age. If the child is not
2 years cooperative, screening should be attempted 6 months later. If the child is still not
3 years cooperative at 3.5 years, it should be attempted at 4 years. Generally, children are
4 years cooperative at 4 years of age. The usual vision of a 3 year-old is 20/50
5 years
Epstein-Barr virus is responsible for: mononucleosis.
Explanation:
mononucleosis. Infectious mononucleosis is caused by Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). This commonly
the most common cause of pharyngitis. affects adolescents but can affect various age groups. The most prominent feature
most teenage cases of pharyngitis. of mononucleosis is fever, fatigue and pharyngitis.
viral pharyngitis in young children.
1/22
,3/23/25, 8:55 EENT EXAM Flashcards |
AM
A patient with environmental allergies Intranasal glucocorticoids
presents to your clinic. She takes an Explanation:
oral antihistamine every 24 hours. What is These agents are particularly effective in the treatment of nasal congestion and
the most effective single would be a good choice for the patient in this scenario. Intranasal glucocorticoids
maintenance are effective in relieving nasal congestion, discharge, itching, and sneezing. A trial
medication for allergic rhinitis? of stopping the oral antihistamine could be tried in this patient. Symptoms would
determine whether the antihistamine should be resumed.
Antihistamine
Decongestant
Intranasal glucocorticoids
Leukotriene blockers
usually begins as a viral infection.
Conjunctivitis:
Explanation:
Conjunctivitis or "pink eye" usually begins as a viral infection. As the conjunctiva
produces blurred vision in the affected eye.
becomes irritated, the eye is rubbed and fingers introduce bacteria. A secondary
usually begins as a viral infection.
bacterial infection develops. Conjunctivitis produces a red (or pink) eye, but should
produces anterior cervical
never produce blurred vision. A patient with a red eye and blurred vision should
lymphadenopathy.
be referred to ophthalmology. The pre-auricular nodes may be palpable when a
is common in patients who are nearsighted.
patient has conjunctivitis, not the anterior cervical ones.
At what age would it be unusual to see At birth
thrush? Explanation:
Thrush is an infection in the oral cavity caused by yeast. Yeast grow in a warm,
At birth dark, moist environment. It is not unusual to see thrush in young infants who are
2 months breast or bottle fed. It would be unusual to see thrush in a newborn. In fact, this
6 months should cause concern regarding an immunocompromised state in the infant or
8 months hyperglycemia in the mother.
A patient presents with severe Pulpitis
toothache. She reports sensitivity to Explanation:
heat and cold. The predominant symptom of patients who exhibit pulpitis is pain especially elicited
There is visible pus around the painful area. by thermal changes, cold and hot. The pain can become severe and patients are ill
What is this termed? appearing. Pus may be seen around the gum area or may be restricted to the pulp
cavity. Caries and gingivitis do not produce pus. Periodontitis is characterized by
Pulpitis gingival inflammation and pain. Pus is not present in this disease. A periodontal
Caries abscess produces pain and pus, but the pus is usually only expressed after probing.
Gingivitis
Periodontitis
How long should a 6 year old with acute 5-7 days
otitis media be treated with an antibiotic? Explanation:
The recommendations from the American Academy of Pediatrics are 5-7 days of an
5 days antibiotic for children 6 years and older who have mild to moderate acute otitis
5-7 days media (AOM). Children less than 2 years of age should be treated for 10 days.
10 days Children 2 years and older may be treated for 5-7 days for AOM if they do not have
Until the erythema has resolved a history of recurrent AOM.
2/22
, 3/23/25, 8:55 EENT EXAM Flashcards |
AM
A patient is diagnosed with otitis Tragal pain
externa. He complains of tragal pain, otic Explanation:
discharge, otic itching, and fever. What is Otitis externa is "swimmer's ear". This is a superficial infection usually caused by
the cardinal symptom of otitis externa? Pseudomonas in the external canal. Fever, a typical systemic symptom is inconsistent
with otitis externa since the infection is superficial. The other symptoms listed are
Tragal pain typical of patients who are diagnosed with otitis externa. However, the cardinal
Otic symptom is tragal pain.
discharge
Otic itching
Fever
A patient presents to a nurse practitioner Facial pain
clinic with paroxysmal sneezing, clear Explanation:
rhinorrhea, nasal congestion, facial pain. Facial pain is not associated with allergic rhinitis. In conjunction with nasal
Which symptom below is NOT associated congestion, it is most likely a sinus infection. Patients with allergic rhinitis and nasal
with allergic rhinitis? congestion are more likely to develop acute and chronic bacterial sinusitis because
untreated allergic rhinitis results in impaired mucus flow. This increases the risk of
Sneezing infection. Symptoms of bacterial sinusitis include nasal congestion, purulent post-
Rhinorrhea nasal drip or rhinorrhea, facial pain and maxillary tooth pain. There is no symptom
Nasal that can differentiate bacterial from viral sinusitis.
congestion
Facial pain
An NP examines a screaming 2 year-old. pink tympanic
A common finding is: membranes. Explanation:
The tympanic membrane normally becomes pink and can rarely become red when a
nasal discharge. child is screaming or crying. This is probably due to flushing and hyperemia of
increased respiratory rate. the face that occurs with crying. A distorted or erythematous tympanic membrane
pink tympanic membranes. with decreased mobility is suggestive of otitis media.
coarse breath sounds.
A patient diagnosed with Strept throat A penicillin or cephalosporin with beta lactamase coverage should be considered
received a prescription for azithromycin. Explanation:
She has not improved in 48 hours. What The patient should demonstrate improvement after 48 hours if an antibiotic with the
course of action is acceptable? appropriate antimicrobial spectra was prescribed. A macrolide would be a poor
choice because there are high rates of Strept resistance to macrolide antibiotics. In
The patient should wait another 24 hours light of this, strong consideration should be given to an antibiotic with different
for improvement. antimicrobial spectra. Since Strept was diagnosed and azithromycin was ineffective,
The antibiotic should be changed to a first the prescriber should consider that the causative agent has macrolide resistance
generation cephalosporin. and could be beta lactamase producing. An antibiotic with beta lactamase
A different macrolide antibiotic should be coverage
prescribed. should be considered. Choice d provides this coverage.
A penicillin or cephalosporin with beta
lactamase coverage should be considered.
3/22
AM
EENT EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWER WITH COMPLETE
SOLUTIONS
Terms in this set (97)
Older age of symptom onset
A 30 year old male has been diagnosed Explanation:
with non-allergic rhinitis. What finding is Non-allergic rhinitis, often called vasomotor rhinitis, is very common in the US. It is
more likely in non-allergic rhinitis typically diagnosed and differentiated from allergic rhinitis by history. Although both
than conditions may co-exist in patients, non-allergic rhinitis typically has onset after age
allergic rhinitis? 20 years. Allergic rhinitis typically presents prior to age 20 years. The most common
symptoms associated with non-allergenic rhinitis are nasal congestion and post-
Older age of symptom onset nasal drip. It is predominantly reported in females. Common precipitants of non-
Male gender allergic rhinitis symptoms can occur with exposure to spicy foods, cigarette smoke,
Post nasal drip strong odors, perfumes, and alcohol consumption. This is frequently treated with
Sneezing topical azelastine.
The throat swab done to identify A second swab should be collected and sent to microbiology.
Streptococcal infection was negative in a Explanation:
12 year-old female with tonsillar A second swab is collected, but it is not used to repeat the test. The second swab is
exudate, sent to microbiology for culture. The sensitivity varies in office Strept tests. Some are
fever, and sore throat. What statement is as low as 50% and a second swab should be collected. If beta-hemolytic Strept
true regarding this? organisms are grown out, then the patient can be diagnosed with Streptococcal
infection
A second swab should be done to repeat
the test.
The patient does not have Strept throat.
The patient probably has mononucleosis.
A second swab should be collected
and sent to microbiology.
What is the usual age for vision screening in 3 years
young children? Explanation:
Initial vision screening should take place at 3 years of age. If the child is not
2 years cooperative, screening should be attempted 6 months later. If the child is still not
3 years cooperative at 3.5 years, it should be attempted at 4 years. Generally, children are
4 years cooperative at 4 years of age. The usual vision of a 3 year-old is 20/50
5 years
Epstein-Barr virus is responsible for: mononucleosis.
Explanation:
mononucleosis. Infectious mononucleosis is caused by Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). This commonly
the most common cause of pharyngitis. affects adolescents but can affect various age groups. The most prominent feature
most teenage cases of pharyngitis. of mononucleosis is fever, fatigue and pharyngitis.
viral pharyngitis in young children.
1/22
,3/23/25, 8:55 EENT EXAM Flashcards |
AM
A patient with environmental allergies Intranasal glucocorticoids
presents to your clinic. She takes an Explanation:
oral antihistamine every 24 hours. What is These agents are particularly effective in the treatment of nasal congestion and
the most effective single would be a good choice for the patient in this scenario. Intranasal glucocorticoids
maintenance are effective in relieving nasal congestion, discharge, itching, and sneezing. A trial
medication for allergic rhinitis? of stopping the oral antihistamine could be tried in this patient. Symptoms would
determine whether the antihistamine should be resumed.
Antihistamine
Decongestant
Intranasal glucocorticoids
Leukotriene blockers
usually begins as a viral infection.
Conjunctivitis:
Explanation:
Conjunctivitis or "pink eye" usually begins as a viral infection. As the conjunctiva
produces blurred vision in the affected eye.
becomes irritated, the eye is rubbed and fingers introduce bacteria. A secondary
usually begins as a viral infection.
bacterial infection develops. Conjunctivitis produces a red (or pink) eye, but should
produces anterior cervical
never produce blurred vision. A patient with a red eye and blurred vision should
lymphadenopathy.
be referred to ophthalmology. The pre-auricular nodes may be palpable when a
is common in patients who are nearsighted.
patient has conjunctivitis, not the anterior cervical ones.
At what age would it be unusual to see At birth
thrush? Explanation:
Thrush is an infection in the oral cavity caused by yeast. Yeast grow in a warm,
At birth dark, moist environment. It is not unusual to see thrush in young infants who are
2 months breast or bottle fed. It would be unusual to see thrush in a newborn. In fact, this
6 months should cause concern regarding an immunocompromised state in the infant or
8 months hyperglycemia in the mother.
A patient presents with severe Pulpitis
toothache. She reports sensitivity to Explanation:
heat and cold. The predominant symptom of patients who exhibit pulpitis is pain especially elicited
There is visible pus around the painful area. by thermal changes, cold and hot. The pain can become severe and patients are ill
What is this termed? appearing. Pus may be seen around the gum area or may be restricted to the pulp
cavity. Caries and gingivitis do not produce pus. Periodontitis is characterized by
Pulpitis gingival inflammation and pain. Pus is not present in this disease. A periodontal
Caries abscess produces pain and pus, but the pus is usually only expressed after probing.
Gingivitis
Periodontitis
How long should a 6 year old with acute 5-7 days
otitis media be treated with an antibiotic? Explanation:
The recommendations from the American Academy of Pediatrics are 5-7 days of an
5 days antibiotic for children 6 years and older who have mild to moderate acute otitis
5-7 days media (AOM). Children less than 2 years of age should be treated for 10 days.
10 days Children 2 years and older may be treated for 5-7 days for AOM if they do not have
Until the erythema has resolved a history of recurrent AOM.
2/22
, 3/23/25, 8:55 EENT EXAM Flashcards |
AM
A patient is diagnosed with otitis Tragal pain
externa. He complains of tragal pain, otic Explanation:
discharge, otic itching, and fever. What is Otitis externa is "swimmer's ear". This is a superficial infection usually caused by
the cardinal symptom of otitis externa? Pseudomonas in the external canal. Fever, a typical systemic symptom is inconsistent
with otitis externa since the infection is superficial. The other symptoms listed are
Tragal pain typical of patients who are diagnosed with otitis externa. However, the cardinal
Otic symptom is tragal pain.
discharge
Otic itching
Fever
A patient presents to a nurse practitioner Facial pain
clinic with paroxysmal sneezing, clear Explanation:
rhinorrhea, nasal congestion, facial pain. Facial pain is not associated with allergic rhinitis. In conjunction with nasal
Which symptom below is NOT associated congestion, it is most likely a sinus infection. Patients with allergic rhinitis and nasal
with allergic rhinitis? congestion are more likely to develop acute and chronic bacterial sinusitis because
untreated allergic rhinitis results in impaired mucus flow. This increases the risk of
Sneezing infection. Symptoms of bacterial sinusitis include nasal congestion, purulent post-
Rhinorrhea nasal drip or rhinorrhea, facial pain and maxillary tooth pain. There is no symptom
Nasal that can differentiate bacterial from viral sinusitis.
congestion
Facial pain
An NP examines a screaming 2 year-old. pink tympanic
A common finding is: membranes. Explanation:
The tympanic membrane normally becomes pink and can rarely become red when a
nasal discharge. child is screaming or crying. This is probably due to flushing and hyperemia of
increased respiratory rate. the face that occurs with crying. A distorted or erythematous tympanic membrane
pink tympanic membranes. with decreased mobility is suggestive of otitis media.
coarse breath sounds.
A patient diagnosed with Strept throat A penicillin or cephalosporin with beta lactamase coverage should be considered
received a prescription for azithromycin. Explanation:
She has not improved in 48 hours. What The patient should demonstrate improvement after 48 hours if an antibiotic with the
course of action is acceptable? appropriate antimicrobial spectra was prescribed. A macrolide would be a poor
choice because there are high rates of Strept resistance to macrolide antibiotics. In
The patient should wait another 24 hours light of this, strong consideration should be given to an antibiotic with different
for improvement. antimicrobial spectra. Since Strept was diagnosed and azithromycin was ineffective,
The antibiotic should be changed to a first the prescriber should consider that the causative agent has macrolide resistance
generation cephalosporin. and could be beta lactamase producing. An antibiotic with beta lactamase
A different macrolide antibiotic should be coverage
prescribed. should be considered. Choice d provides this coverage.
A penicillin or cephalosporin with beta
lactamase coverage should be considered.
3/22
