Lindsey Jones Exam 1 Questions And
Answers 2025
A patient receiving mechanical ventilation has received Halcion in the last twenty
minutes. The physician orders the institution of spontaneous breathing trials to
commence immediately. Which of the following medications would be most helpful to
the patient?
A. Valium
B. Morphine sulfate
C. Meperidine
D. Romazicon (Flumazenil) - ANSWER- D. Romazicon (Flumazenil)
*In this question the patient is taking a drug called Halcion. The doctor would like T-
piece trials, which means the patient has to breathe on his or her own. Since that
medication would inhibit breathing, the effect of that medication must be reversed.
Romazicon is the drug that will reverse Halcion.
In preparation for ventilator weaning the physician requests a VD/VT ratio assessment.
Which of the following is needed to determine the deadspace-tidal volume ratio?
A. single breath nitrogen elimination and capnographic data
B. helium dilution study and single breath nitrogen elimination
C. helium dilution study and an arterial blood gas
D. arterial blood gases and capnographic data - ANSWER- D. arterial blood gases and
capnographic data
*This question is just about knowing what it takes to calculate a VD/VT ratio. You really
only need two things - PO2 and end tidal CO2. End tidal CO2 comes from a device
called a capnograph.
A respiratory therapist is determining a VD/VT ratio. Which of the following is needed to
complete this analysis?
A. VT and VA
B. FIO2 and PaO2
C. PECO2 and PaO2
D. PetCO2 and PaCO2 - ANSWER- D. PetCO2 and PaCO2
,*There are two things required to determine a VD/VT ratio - end tidal CO2 and PaCO2.
Which of the following is LEAST likely to promote the spread of nosocomial infection in
a hospital?
A. use of unit dose medication
B. poor hand washing among staff
C. frequent disconnection of a ventilator circuit
D. changing small volume nebulizer equipment every 48 hours - ANSWER- A. use of
unit dose medication
*The best option is to use unit dose medication. The use of multiple-dose bottles of
medication used to be more prelavent. When doing so the dropper stem of the
medication bottle could touch the internal surface of the nebulizer, possibly picking up
and depositing pathogenic organisms. Changing the nebulizer every 48 hours may also
be helpful but not as effective at preventing nosocomial infections. The other options in
this question are likely to increase nosocomial infection rates in hospitals.
Which of the following can be used to estimate the level of Hemoglobin?
A. Theophylline level
B. RBC
C. C(a-v)O2
D. PAO2 - ANSWER- B. RBC
*There is a relationship between hematocrit, hemoglobin, and red blood cell count. Each
of these items have a multiplier of three in common. For instance, normal RBC is about
5. Hemoglobin can be estimated by taking the RBC and multiplying is by 3. That would
give you a hemoglobin of 15. Hematocrit can be estimated by taking the hemoglobin
and multiply it by 3, which would give you 45%. Therefore, to estimate hemoglobin,
hematocrit, and RBC, one only has to know one of the other values. From there, you
can estimate the other two.
Which of the following alarms would be most important for a patient receiving positive
pressure ventilation by a pressure-cycled ventilator?
A. low volume
B. high pressure
C. I:E ratio
D. low FIO2 - ANSWER- A. low volume
,*If the patient is on a pressure cycle ventilator, that means the ventilator is going to
deliver a certain pressure regardless of how much volume is achieved. If the ventilator
does not care about volume, the practitioner must. Thus, the most important alarm for a
pressure-cycled ventilator is low-volume. The opposite is also true. The most important
alarm on a volume-cycled ventilator would be the high pressure alarm.
Patients with large necks who experience frequent dislodging of their tracheostomy
tubes need (a)
A. larger tracheostomy tube
B. nasal intubation
C. longer tracheostomy tube
D. shorter tracheostomy tube - ANSWER- C. longer tracheostomy tube
*Due to the increased neck circumference of a morbidly obese patient, special
tracheostomy tubes that have long proximal extensions allow for the increased distance
from the interior tracheal wall to the opening of the stoma at the skin.
Which of the following would be most effective at resolving a humidity deficit for a
patient who is intubated with an 8.0-mm endotracheal tube?
A. large volume nebulizer
B. bubble humidifier
C. concha heated humidifier
D. HME - ANSWER- C. concha heated humidifier
*A person who has an endotracheal tube in place has bypassed the natural
humidification devices of their own body. Therefore, they need additional humidification
to make up the humidity deficit and received nearly 100% relative humidity. Of the
devices shownm, only a heated humidifier can make up all of the humidity deficit and a
approach 100% relative humidity. The two types of humidifiers that can accomplish this
are called Concha and Wick. Some passover humifiers are also able to accomplish this
if their surface area is drastically increased by some means and if they are heated.
A patient with suspected myasthenia gravis in the emergency room should receive
which of the following to confirm a diagnosis?
A. Edrophonium Bromide
B. Meperidine (Demerol)
, C. Norcuron
D. Neostigmine - ANSWER- A. Edrophonium Bromide
*Patients with suspected myasthenia gravis should receive Tensilon in order to be
diagnosed. The generic term for Tensilon is Edrophonium Bromide.
Which of the following is an important action when drawing an arterial blood gas
sample?
A. Compress the site prior to puncture
B. run the sample within 15 minutes
C. Use an 16 gauge needle
D. Choose a radial site with adequate ulnar circulation - ANSWER- D. Choose a radial
site with adequate ulnar circulation
*One must perform the Allen's test in order to determine the presence of collateral
circulation prior to an arterial puncture. The radial site with the best collateral circulation
is the optimal location for an arterial puncture for an adult for reasons primarily related
to patient safety. Essential basic recall information includes the proper needle size for
an adult, which is a 22 gauge. The sample should be run as quickly as possible, usually
within 5 minutes.
Which of the following would be most helpful for a patient with fixed upper airway
obstruction?
A. corticosteroids
B. heliox therapy
C. beta II agonist medication
D. aerosolized epinephrine - ANSWER- B. heliox therapy
*When a patient has a fixed upper airway obstruction, the primary concern is that of
airway resistance. A fixed obstruction means it cannot be resolved simply with
bronchodilators or other immediate methods. Of the options offered, Heliox therapy is
most appropriate. Helium, when combined with oxygen, is less viscous than pure
oxygen or room air, which is made up mostly of nitrogen. This allows patients to breathe
in gases with less airway resistance.
Which of the following oxygen modalities would be appropriate for a 220-lb (100-kg)
male with diabetic ketoacidosis who requires 40% supplemental oxygen?
Answers 2025
A patient receiving mechanical ventilation has received Halcion in the last twenty
minutes. The physician orders the institution of spontaneous breathing trials to
commence immediately. Which of the following medications would be most helpful to
the patient?
A. Valium
B. Morphine sulfate
C. Meperidine
D. Romazicon (Flumazenil) - ANSWER- D. Romazicon (Flumazenil)
*In this question the patient is taking a drug called Halcion. The doctor would like T-
piece trials, which means the patient has to breathe on his or her own. Since that
medication would inhibit breathing, the effect of that medication must be reversed.
Romazicon is the drug that will reverse Halcion.
In preparation for ventilator weaning the physician requests a VD/VT ratio assessment.
Which of the following is needed to determine the deadspace-tidal volume ratio?
A. single breath nitrogen elimination and capnographic data
B. helium dilution study and single breath nitrogen elimination
C. helium dilution study and an arterial blood gas
D. arterial blood gases and capnographic data - ANSWER- D. arterial blood gases and
capnographic data
*This question is just about knowing what it takes to calculate a VD/VT ratio. You really
only need two things - PO2 and end tidal CO2. End tidal CO2 comes from a device
called a capnograph.
A respiratory therapist is determining a VD/VT ratio. Which of the following is needed to
complete this analysis?
A. VT and VA
B. FIO2 and PaO2
C. PECO2 and PaO2
D. PetCO2 and PaCO2 - ANSWER- D. PetCO2 and PaCO2
,*There are two things required to determine a VD/VT ratio - end tidal CO2 and PaCO2.
Which of the following is LEAST likely to promote the spread of nosocomial infection in
a hospital?
A. use of unit dose medication
B. poor hand washing among staff
C. frequent disconnection of a ventilator circuit
D. changing small volume nebulizer equipment every 48 hours - ANSWER- A. use of
unit dose medication
*The best option is to use unit dose medication. The use of multiple-dose bottles of
medication used to be more prelavent. When doing so the dropper stem of the
medication bottle could touch the internal surface of the nebulizer, possibly picking up
and depositing pathogenic organisms. Changing the nebulizer every 48 hours may also
be helpful but not as effective at preventing nosocomial infections. The other options in
this question are likely to increase nosocomial infection rates in hospitals.
Which of the following can be used to estimate the level of Hemoglobin?
A. Theophylline level
B. RBC
C. C(a-v)O2
D. PAO2 - ANSWER- B. RBC
*There is a relationship between hematocrit, hemoglobin, and red blood cell count. Each
of these items have a multiplier of three in common. For instance, normal RBC is about
5. Hemoglobin can be estimated by taking the RBC and multiplying is by 3. That would
give you a hemoglobin of 15. Hematocrit can be estimated by taking the hemoglobin
and multiply it by 3, which would give you 45%. Therefore, to estimate hemoglobin,
hematocrit, and RBC, one only has to know one of the other values. From there, you
can estimate the other two.
Which of the following alarms would be most important for a patient receiving positive
pressure ventilation by a pressure-cycled ventilator?
A. low volume
B. high pressure
C. I:E ratio
D. low FIO2 - ANSWER- A. low volume
,*If the patient is on a pressure cycle ventilator, that means the ventilator is going to
deliver a certain pressure regardless of how much volume is achieved. If the ventilator
does not care about volume, the practitioner must. Thus, the most important alarm for a
pressure-cycled ventilator is low-volume. The opposite is also true. The most important
alarm on a volume-cycled ventilator would be the high pressure alarm.
Patients with large necks who experience frequent dislodging of their tracheostomy
tubes need (a)
A. larger tracheostomy tube
B. nasal intubation
C. longer tracheostomy tube
D. shorter tracheostomy tube - ANSWER- C. longer tracheostomy tube
*Due to the increased neck circumference of a morbidly obese patient, special
tracheostomy tubes that have long proximal extensions allow for the increased distance
from the interior tracheal wall to the opening of the stoma at the skin.
Which of the following would be most effective at resolving a humidity deficit for a
patient who is intubated with an 8.0-mm endotracheal tube?
A. large volume nebulizer
B. bubble humidifier
C. concha heated humidifier
D. HME - ANSWER- C. concha heated humidifier
*A person who has an endotracheal tube in place has bypassed the natural
humidification devices of their own body. Therefore, they need additional humidification
to make up the humidity deficit and received nearly 100% relative humidity. Of the
devices shownm, only a heated humidifier can make up all of the humidity deficit and a
approach 100% relative humidity. The two types of humidifiers that can accomplish this
are called Concha and Wick. Some passover humifiers are also able to accomplish this
if their surface area is drastically increased by some means and if they are heated.
A patient with suspected myasthenia gravis in the emergency room should receive
which of the following to confirm a diagnosis?
A. Edrophonium Bromide
B. Meperidine (Demerol)
, C. Norcuron
D. Neostigmine - ANSWER- A. Edrophonium Bromide
*Patients with suspected myasthenia gravis should receive Tensilon in order to be
diagnosed. The generic term for Tensilon is Edrophonium Bromide.
Which of the following is an important action when drawing an arterial blood gas
sample?
A. Compress the site prior to puncture
B. run the sample within 15 minutes
C. Use an 16 gauge needle
D. Choose a radial site with adequate ulnar circulation - ANSWER- D. Choose a radial
site with adequate ulnar circulation
*One must perform the Allen's test in order to determine the presence of collateral
circulation prior to an arterial puncture. The radial site with the best collateral circulation
is the optimal location for an arterial puncture for an adult for reasons primarily related
to patient safety. Essential basic recall information includes the proper needle size for
an adult, which is a 22 gauge. The sample should be run as quickly as possible, usually
within 5 minutes.
Which of the following would be most helpful for a patient with fixed upper airway
obstruction?
A. corticosteroids
B. heliox therapy
C. beta II agonist medication
D. aerosolized epinephrine - ANSWER- B. heliox therapy
*When a patient has a fixed upper airway obstruction, the primary concern is that of
airway resistance. A fixed obstruction means it cannot be resolved simply with
bronchodilators or other immediate methods. Of the options offered, Heliox therapy is
most appropriate. Helium, when combined with oxygen, is less viscous than pure
oxygen or room air, which is made up mostly of nitrogen. This allows patients to breathe
in gases with less airway resistance.
Which of the following oxygen modalities would be appropriate for a 220-lb (100-kg)
male with diabetic ketoacidosis who requires 40% supplemental oxygen?
