NSG223 | NSG 223 EXAM 2 MEDICAL-
SURGICAL NURSING II | QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS RATED A+ | 2025/2026 GUIDE |
HERZING
What is the cardinal feature of metabolic acidosis?
- correct answer - A decrease in the serum bicarbonate level
Hyperventilation, with a resulting decrease in PaCO2, is an expected
compensatory reaction to which acid--base disorder?
- correct answer - Metabolic acidosis
What is the most common blood-borne disease in the United States, and
is the leading cause of liver cancer in many countries?
- correct answer - Hepatitis C
What could be considered the least dangerous of the hepatitis infections,
causes abdominal pain, jaundice, nausea, and vomiting that can
occasionally last for months?
- correct answer - Hepatitis A
,Main prevention methods for hepatitis infections?
- correct answer - strict adherence to infection control (Standard
Precautions and Safe Injection Practices)
Pathophysiology of PE
- correct answer - blood clot, thrombus, emboli (air, fat, amniotic fluid,
septic [bacterial]), or A-fib
What happens when a thrombus completely or partially obstructs a
pulmonary artery or its branches?
- correct answer - Alveolar dead space is increased which leads to
impaired gas exchange
What results in an increase in pulmonary vascular resistance—a
reaction that compounds the V./Q. imbalance?
- correct answer - Substances released from the clot and surrounding
area cause blood vessels and bronchioles to constrict
Clinical manifestations of PE
- correct answer - Depends on size of thrombus and area of pulmonary
artery occluded by the thrombus
Dyspnea (most frequent symptom)
Chest pain (sudden)
,Anxiety, fever, tachycardia, apprehension, cough, diaphoresis,
hemoptysis, and syncope
Tachypnea (most frequent sign)
Obstruction of the pulmonary artery results in?
- correct answer - Dyspnea, sudden substernal pain, rapid and weak
pulse, shock, syncope, and sudden death.
Prevention of PE
- correct answer - Active leg exercises to avoid venous stasis, early
ambulation, anti-embolism stockings, compression devices, feet rest on
floor/chair (dependent position, not dangled). Avoid prolonged use of IV
catheters and crossing legs.
Treatment goal of PE
- correct answer - To dissolve (lyse) the existing emboli and prevent new
ones from forming
Treatment of PE
- correct answer - Improve respiratory and vascular status,
anticoagulation therapy, thrombolytic therapy, and surgical intervention
Emergency management of PE
, - correct answer - Nasal oxygen, IV infusion lines, vasopressor therapy
for hypotension unrelieved by IV fluids, ECG for dysrhythmias, blood
draw (CBC, electrolytes, coagulation), Foley catheter, IV
morphine/sedatives
Surgical management of PE
- correct answer - Embolectomy
Inferior vena cava (IVC) filtration
Clinical manifestations of ARDS
- correct answer –
- Arterial hypoxemia that does not respond to supplemental oxygen
(hallmark)
- Rapid onset of severe dyspnea (<72 hours after precipitating event)
- Increased alveolar dead space
- Decreased pulmonary compliance ("stiff lungs," difficult to ventilate).
Concentration of oxygen and ventilator settings are determined by?
- correct answer - The patient's status (ABG, pulse ox, bedside
pulmonary function testing)
Critical treatment for ARDS
- correct answer - Providing ventilatory PEEP support (Positive end-
expiratory pressure)
SURGICAL NURSING II | QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS RATED A+ | 2025/2026 GUIDE |
HERZING
What is the cardinal feature of metabolic acidosis?
- correct answer - A decrease in the serum bicarbonate level
Hyperventilation, with a resulting decrease in PaCO2, is an expected
compensatory reaction to which acid--base disorder?
- correct answer - Metabolic acidosis
What is the most common blood-borne disease in the United States, and
is the leading cause of liver cancer in many countries?
- correct answer - Hepatitis C
What could be considered the least dangerous of the hepatitis infections,
causes abdominal pain, jaundice, nausea, and vomiting that can
occasionally last for months?
- correct answer - Hepatitis A
,Main prevention methods for hepatitis infections?
- correct answer - strict adherence to infection control (Standard
Precautions and Safe Injection Practices)
Pathophysiology of PE
- correct answer - blood clot, thrombus, emboli (air, fat, amniotic fluid,
septic [bacterial]), or A-fib
What happens when a thrombus completely or partially obstructs a
pulmonary artery or its branches?
- correct answer - Alveolar dead space is increased which leads to
impaired gas exchange
What results in an increase in pulmonary vascular resistance—a
reaction that compounds the V./Q. imbalance?
- correct answer - Substances released from the clot and surrounding
area cause blood vessels and bronchioles to constrict
Clinical manifestations of PE
- correct answer - Depends on size of thrombus and area of pulmonary
artery occluded by the thrombus
Dyspnea (most frequent symptom)
Chest pain (sudden)
,Anxiety, fever, tachycardia, apprehension, cough, diaphoresis,
hemoptysis, and syncope
Tachypnea (most frequent sign)
Obstruction of the pulmonary artery results in?
- correct answer - Dyspnea, sudden substernal pain, rapid and weak
pulse, shock, syncope, and sudden death.
Prevention of PE
- correct answer - Active leg exercises to avoid venous stasis, early
ambulation, anti-embolism stockings, compression devices, feet rest on
floor/chair (dependent position, not dangled). Avoid prolonged use of IV
catheters and crossing legs.
Treatment goal of PE
- correct answer - To dissolve (lyse) the existing emboli and prevent new
ones from forming
Treatment of PE
- correct answer - Improve respiratory and vascular status,
anticoagulation therapy, thrombolytic therapy, and surgical intervention
Emergency management of PE
, - correct answer - Nasal oxygen, IV infusion lines, vasopressor therapy
for hypotension unrelieved by IV fluids, ECG for dysrhythmias, blood
draw (CBC, electrolytes, coagulation), Foley catheter, IV
morphine/sedatives
Surgical management of PE
- correct answer - Embolectomy
Inferior vena cava (IVC) filtration
Clinical manifestations of ARDS
- correct answer –
- Arterial hypoxemia that does not respond to supplemental oxygen
(hallmark)
- Rapid onset of severe dyspnea (<72 hours after precipitating event)
- Increased alveolar dead space
- Decreased pulmonary compliance ("stiff lungs," difficult to ventilate).
Concentration of oxygen and ventilator settings are determined by?
- correct answer - The patient's status (ABG, pulse ox, bedside
pulmonary function testing)
Critical treatment for ARDS
- correct answer - Providing ventilatory PEEP support (Positive end-
expiratory pressure)
