Tekstanalyse I hoorcollege
week 1
Genres are how we get things done using language (Martin, 1985).
a genre can have an image. they involve the name of the writer, the text itself. they are all very
short. news reports can differ in their style and characteristics.
definitions of genres
ways in which people ‘get things done’ through their use of spoken and written discourse
(Martin, 1985).
A genre is a class of communicative events with shared recognizable communicative purposes.
these purposes give rise to exploitable constraints concerning content and form. (Swales, 1990)
- communicative purpose(s) constraining choices of:
- content / structure (moves)
- style
- lay out / form
but what about:
- identity of the author/speaker?
- identity of the audience?
- mediality (written, spoken, print, digital etc)?
- social, cultural context?
genre networks
- chains: how genres relate to another
- families
- sets
sometimes different genres look the same, but they are not.
different purposes:
- persuade of an opinion → newspaper elements, claim supported with
arguments, evaluative expressions, newspaper elements
- persuade to read → IMRD structure, evaluative expressions (truth claims),
journal font/no format
- persuade to buy → picture/slogan/product, creative evaluative expressions
(attitudinal), picture dominates/arty
description of moves: components of content in specific order
1. get attention
2. introduce the cause; establish credentials
3. solicit response
4. offer incentives
5. reference insert
6. express gratitude
1
, 7. conclude with pleasantries
genres may change
causes:
- general cultural development toward directness
- information overload > need for efficacy
- genre literacy
oprolbaarheid van een tekst of bottom-up-upfront principe, dat het belangrijkste van een tekst
meteen in het begin genoemd wordt en hoe verder je naar beneden gaat in de tekst hoe minder
nieuw of van waarde de informatie is (details). vaak sprake van bij nieuwsartikelen.
week 2
Why study rhetoric?
- Foundation of all post-classical thought about strategic discourse design in the Western
world.
- Improving your own discursive / oratorial skills
- Speech writing and delivery, debating
Whoever does not study rhetoric will be victim of it.
- Analytical tools do detect and identify techniques of persuasion
- And to uncover misleading, deceptive, manipulative use of these techniques
Kennedy, ‘the nature of rhetoric’:
Rhetorike originally denotes te civic art of public speaking as it was developed in
- Deliberative assemblies
- Law courts and
- Other formal occasions
Rhetoric as a more general concept refers to the power of words and their potential to
affect a situation in which they are used or received.
In the area known as rhetorical genre studies, a genre is defined, not in terms of the substance
or the form of discourse but on the action it’s used to accomplish.
Demagogue; someone who uses rhetoric in a negative way to manipulate etc.
- Agitator of people by appealing to gut sentiments
- NL ‘retoriek’ is not the same as ‘retorica’
Rhetoric:
1. Rhetorical practice
- Written or spoken discourse (oriented/intended to) causing action, affecting behavior,
modifying values/beliefs etc.
- As old as humanity itself
2. Theory of rhetoric
2
week 1
Genres are how we get things done using language (Martin, 1985).
a genre can have an image. they involve the name of the writer, the text itself. they are all very
short. news reports can differ in their style and characteristics.
definitions of genres
ways in which people ‘get things done’ through their use of spoken and written discourse
(Martin, 1985).
A genre is a class of communicative events with shared recognizable communicative purposes.
these purposes give rise to exploitable constraints concerning content and form. (Swales, 1990)
- communicative purpose(s) constraining choices of:
- content / structure (moves)
- style
- lay out / form
but what about:
- identity of the author/speaker?
- identity of the audience?
- mediality (written, spoken, print, digital etc)?
- social, cultural context?
genre networks
- chains: how genres relate to another
- families
- sets
sometimes different genres look the same, but they are not.
different purposes:
- persuade of an opinion → newspaper elements, claim supported with
arguments, evaluative expressions, newspaper elements
- persuade to read → IMRD structure, evaluative expressions (truth claims),
journal font/no format
- persuade to buy → picture/slogan/product, creative evaluative expressions
(attitudinal), picture dominates/arty
description of moves: components of content in specific order
1. get attention
2. introduce the cause; establish credentials
3. solicit response
4. offer incentives
5. reference insert
6. express gratitude
1
, 7. conclude with pleasantries
genres may change
causes:
- general cultural development toward directness
- information overload > need for efficacy
- genre literacy
oprolbaarheid van een tekst of bottom-up-upfront principe, dat het belangrijkste van een tekst
meteen in het begin genoemd wordt en hoe verder je naar beneden gaat in de tekst hoe minder
nieuw of van waarde de informatie is (details). vaak sprake van bij nieuwsartikelen.
week 2
Why study rhetoric?
- Foundation of all post-classical thought about strategic discourse design in the Western
world.
- Improving your own discursive / oratorial skills
- Speech writing and delivery, debating
Whoever does not study rhetoric will be victim of it.
- Analytical tools do detect and identify techniques of persuasion
- And to uncover misleading, deceptive, manipulative use of these techniques
Kennedy, ‘the nature of rhetoric’:
Rhetorike originally denotes te civic art of public speaking as it was developed in
- Deliberative assemblies
- Law courts and
- Other formal occasions
Rhetoric as a more general concept refers to the power of words and their potential to
affect a situation in which they are used or received.
In the area known as rhetorical genre studies, a genre is defined, not in terms of the substance
or the form of discourse but on the action it’s used to accomplish.
Demagogue; someone who uses rhetoric in a negative way to manipulate etc.
- Agitator of people by appealing to gut sentiments
- NL ‘retoriek’ is not the same as ‘retorica’
Rhetoric:
1. Rhetorical practice
- Written or spoken discourse (oriented/intended to) causing action, affecting behavior,
modifying values/beliefs etc.
- As old as humanity itself
2. Theory of rhetoric
2
