AQA-GCSE COMBINED SCIENCE: TRILOGY revision guide HIGHER BIOLOGY PAPER 1 MERGED QUESTION PAPER & MARKING SCHEME COMBINED 2025 GRADED A+ GUARANTEED PASS

AQA-GCSE COMBINED SCIENCE: TRILOGY revision guide HIGHER BIOLOGY PAPER 1 MERGED QUESTION PAPER & MARKING SCHEME COMBINED 2025 GRADED A+ GUARANTEED PASS. REVISE AQA GCSE (9–1) Combined Science: Trilogy REVISION GUIDE e Downloaded by Paul Kinyanjui () REVISE AQA GCSE (9–1) Combined Science: Trilogy REVISION GUIDE Higher Series Consultant: Harry Smith Authors: Mark Grinsell, Mike O’Neill and Nigel Saunders Also available to support your revision: Revise GCSE The Revise GCSE Skills Guide 9781447967071 Skills Guide is full of tried-and- trusted hints and tips for how to learn more effectively. It gives you techniques to help you achieve your best – throughout your GCSE studies and beyond! Revise GCSE Revision Planner 9781447967828 The Revise GCSE Revision Planner helps you to plan and organise your time, step-by-step, throughout your GCSE revision. Use this book and wall chart to mastermind your revision. Downloaded by Paul Kinyanjui () Contents BIOLOGY PAPER 1 1 Microscopes and magnification 2 Animal and plant cells 3 Eukaryotes and prokaryotes 4 Specialised animal cells 5 Specialised plant cells 6 Required practical – Using a light microscope 7 Mitosis 8 Stem cells 9 Diffusion 10 Exchange surfaces 11 Osmosis 12 Required practical – Investigating osmosis 13 Active transport 14 Extended response – Cell biology 15 The digestive system 16 Required practical – Food testing 17 Enzymes 18 Required practical – Investigating enzymes 19 The blood 20 Blood vessels 21 The heart 22 The lungs 23 Cardiovascular disease 24 Health and disease 25 Lifestyle and disease 26 Alcohol and smoking 27 The leaf 28 Transpiration 29 Investigating transpiration 30 Translocation 31 Extended response – Organisation 32 Viral diseases 33 Bacterial diseases 34 Fungal and protist diseases 35 Human defence systems 36 The immune system 37 Vaccination 38 Antibiotics and painkillers 39 New medicines 40 Extended response – Infection and response 41 Photosynthesis 42 Limiting factors 43 Required practical – Investigating photosynthesis 44 Respiration 45 Responding to exercise 46 Metabolism ii 47 Extended response – Bioenergetics BIOLOGY PAPER 2 48 Homeostasis 49 Neurones 50 Reflex actions 51 Required practical – Investigating reaction times 52 Hormones 53 Blood glucose regulation 54 Diabetes 55 Reproductive hormones 56 Control of the menstrual cycle 57 Contraception 58 Treating infertility 59 Adrenaline and thyroxine 60 Extended response – Homeostasis and response 61 Sexual and asexual reproduction 62 DNA and the genome 63 Genetic terms 64 Genetic crosses 65 Family trees 66 Inheritance 67 Variation and evolution 68 Selective breeding 69 Genetic engineering 70 Stages in genetic engineeering 71 Fossils 72 Resistant bacteria 73 Classification 74 Evolutionary trees 75 Extended response – Inheritance, variation and evolution 76 Ecosystems 77 Interdependence 78 Adaptation 79 Food chains 80 Fieldwork techniques 81 Required practical – Field investigations 82 Cycling materials 83 Waste management 84 Deforestation 85 Global warming 86 Maintaining biodiversity 87 Extended response – Ecology CHEMISTRY PAPER 3 88 Elements, mixtures and compounds 89 Filtration, crystallisation and chromatography 90 Distillation 91 Historical models of the atom 92 Particles in an atom 93 Atomic structure and isotopes 94 Electronic structure 95 Development of the periodic table 96 The modern periodic table 97 Group 0 98 Group 1 99 Group 7 100 Chemical equations 101 Extended response – Atomic structure 102 Forming bonds 103 Ionic bonding 104 Giant ionic lattices 105 Covalent bonding 106 Small molecules 107 Polymer molecules 108 Diamond and graphite 109 Graphene and fullerenes 110 Metallic bonding 111 Giant metallic structures and alloys 112 The three states of matter 113 Extended response – Bonding and structure 114 Relative formula mass 115 Moles 116 Balanced equations, moles and masses 117 Reacting masses 118 Further reacting masses 119 Concentration of a solution 120 Extended response – Quantitative chemistry 121 Reactivity series 122 Oxidation 123 Reduction and metal extraction 124 Reactions of acids 125 Required practical – Salt preparation 126 The pH scale 127 Electrolysis 128 Aluminium extraction 129 Electrolysis of solutions 130 Required practical – Electrolysis 131 Extended response – Chemical changes 132 Exothermic reactions 133 Endothermic reactions Downloaded by Paul Kinyanjui () 134 Required practical – Energy changes 135 Activation energy 136 Bond energies 137 Extended response – Energy changes CHEMISTRY PAPER 4 138 Rate of reaction 139 Rate of reaction on a graph 140 Calculating the gradient 141 Collision theory 142 Rate: pressure, surface area 143 Rate: temperature 144 Required practical – Rate of reaction 145 Catalysts 146 Reversible reactions 147 Equilibrium and Le Chatelier’s principle 148 Equilibrium: changing temperature and pressure 149 Extended response – Rate of reaction and equilibria 150 Crude oil 151 Alkanes 152 Properties of hydrocarbons 153 Cracking 154 Alkenes 155 Extended response – Organic chemistry 156 Pure substances and formulations 157 Required practical – Chromatography 158 Tests for gases 159 Extended response – Chemical analysis 160 The early atmosphere and today’s atmosphere 161 Evolution of the atmosphere 162 Greenhouse gases 163 Global climate change 164 Carbon footprint 165 Atmospheric pollution 166 Extended response – The atmosphere 167 The Earth’s resources 168 Water 169 Required practical – Analysis and purification of water 170 Alternative methods of extracting metals 171 Life cycle assessment 172 Conserving resources 173 Extended response – Using resources PHYSICS PAPER 5 174 Energy stores and systems 175 Changes in energy 176 Energy changes in systems 177 Required practical – Specific heat capacity 178 Power 179 Energy transfers and efficiency 180 Energy resources 181 Patterns of energy use 182 Extended response – Energy 183 Circuit symbols 184 Electrical charge and current 185 Current, resistance and potential difference 186 Required practical – Investigating resistance 187 Resistors 188 LDRs and thermistors 189 Required practical – Investigating I–V characteristics 190 Series and parallel circuits 191 ac and dc 192 Mains electricity 193 Electrical power 194 Electrical energy 195 The National Grid 196 Extended response – Electricity 197 Density 198 Required practical – Investigating density 199 Changes of state 200 Internal energy 201 Specific latent heat 202 Particle motion in gases 203 Extended response – Particle model 204 The structure of the atom 205 Atoms, isotopes and ions 206 Models of the atom 207 Radioactive decay 208 Nuclear radiation 209 Uses of nuclear radiation 210 Nuclear equations 211 Half-life 212 Contamination and irradiation 213 Hazards of radiation 214 Extended response – Radioactivity PHYSICS PAPER 6 215 Scalars and vectors 216 Interacting forces 217 Gravity, weight and mass 218 Resultant forces 219 Free-body force diagrams 220 Work and energy 221 Forces and elasticity 222 Force and extension 223 Required practical – Force and extension 224 Distance and displacement 225 Speed and velocity 226 Distance–time graphs 227 Velocity–time graphs 228 Equations of motion 229 Newton’s first law 230 Newton’s second law 231 Required practical – Force, mass and acceleration 232 Newton’s third law 233 Stopping distance 234 Reaction time 235 Momentum 236 Extended response – Forces 237 Waves 238 Wave equation 239 Measuring wave velocity 240 Required practical – Waves in fluids 241 Electromagnetic spectrum 242 Properties of electromagnetic waves 243 Required practical – Infrared radiation 244 Dangers and uses 245 Extended response – Waves 246 Magnets and magnetic fields 247 Current and magnetism 248 Current, magnetism and force 249 The motor effect 250 Extended response – Magnetism and electromagnetism 251 The periodic table of the elements 252 Biology Answers 258 Chemistry Answers 264 Physics Answers 271 Physics Equations List A small bit of small print: AQA publishes Sample Assessment Material and the Specification on its website. This is the official content and this book should be used in conjunction with it. The questions in Now try this have been written to help you practise every topic in the book. Remember: the real exam questions may not look like this. iii Downloaded by Paul Kinyanjui () Downloaded by Paul Kinyanjui () Biology Paper 1 Microscopes and magnification Elements The light microscope was invented about 350 years ago. It uses light to form magnified images of cells and other tiny objects. The best light microscope can produce magnifications of about 2000 times: ×2000. The electron microscope was invented in Resolving power A microscope with a high resolution allows you to distinguish between two objects that are very close together. Microscope Resolution (nm) light microscope 200 the last century. It uses electrons to produce magnifications of up to 2 million times. The higher magnification and resolving power of electron microscopes allow scientists to see and understand sub-cellular structures. electron microscope (scanning) electron microscope (transmission) 10 0.1 Magnification You can calculate magnification using: magnification = size of image size of real image You can rearrange the equation to find the size of the real object, if you know the magnification and the size of the image: size of real object = size of image magnification Scale bars Diagrams and photos of microscope images often have a scale bar on them. A scale bar lets you: • easily see the real sizes of the different objects in the diagram or photo • calculate the magnification, if you do not know what this is. If you want to calculate the magnification, you need to use a ruler to measure the real length of the scale bar. It is better to make your measurements in millimetres, mm (rather than in centimetres, cm). A light microscope has a ×10 eyepiece lens and a ×40 objective lens. The image of an onion cell viewed using this microscope is 0.2 mm long. (a) Calculate the total magnification of the microscope. (1 mark) total magnification = 10