Community Relations Exam II +CLEET
Relations
The U.S. Supreme Court held that due process of law required appointment of counsel
for young, inexperienced, illiterate, and indigent defendants in capital cases in: - ANS-
Powell v. Alabama
The U.S. Supreme Court required the appointment of counsel for all indigent defendants
in federal criminal cases in: - ANS- Johnson v. Zerbst
The U.S. Supreme Court applied the right to counsel at all critical stages in the criminal
justice process, not just at trial, in: - ANS- Mempa v. Rhay
The U.S. Supreme Court extended to the states the requirement to appoint for all indigent
defendants in: - ANS- 1963
The right to counsel in all criminal prosecutions is established in the __________
Amendment to the U.S. Constitution. - ANS- 6th Amendment
The emphasis of bail reform efforts in the 1960s was - ANS- Reduction of Pretrial
detention
The emphasis of bail reform efforts in the 1970s was - ANS- Preventive detention
The U.S. Supreme Court held that the decision to prosecute may not be deliberately
based upon an unjustifiable standard such as race, religion, or other arbitrary
classification in: - ANS- BrodenKircher v. Haye
In 1984, the Supreme Court articulated constitutional standards for determining whether
a defendant had ineffective assistance of counsel in the case of: - ANS- Strickland v.
Washington
The odds of pretrial detention for__________ males were twice those for white males, and
the differences between these males and either African-American females or white
females were even larger. - ANS- African American
The first bail reform movement occurred during the 19__ - ANS- 2960s
, The second bail reform movement occurred during the 19___ - ANS- 1970s
In 1951 there were only ___________________ public defender organizations in the US. -
ANS- 7
In most states, _____________________________ felony cases are dismissed by the
prosecutor prior to a determination of guilt or innocence. - ANS- 1/3 or 1/2 of all felony
cases
The ______________________________ Project found that the majority of defendants
released on their own recognizance did appear for trial. - ANS- Manhattan Bail Project
Repeated studies consistently show that pretrial detention has __________ effects on
other case processing decisions. - ANS- Spillover effect
As part of the courtroom workgroup, in other words, public defenders are in a better
position than private attorneys to negotiate favorable plea bargains and thus to
______________ punishment. - ANS- Mitigate
Richard Sander, a law professor at the University of California Los Angeles, noted that
________ percent of the African-American students who entered law school in the fall of
1991 either did not graduate or did not pass the bar exam. - ANS-
A number of studies document ____________________ racial discrimination in bail
decisions. - ANS- Direct
When asked about the amount of racial bias that currently exists in the justice system,
more than half of the African American lawyers, but only _______ percent of the white
lawyers, answered "very much." - ANS-
The strongest predictor of the outcome of a bail decision is: - ANS- Prosecutors
recommendation on type and amount of bail
_______ is the case regarding a white student suing for admission to the University of
Michigan Law School. - ANS-
The U.S. Supreme Court barred imprisonment of a person for any offense unless they are
represented by counsel in: - ANS- Gideon v. Wainwright 1963
The U.S. Supreme Court held that defendants are entitled to effective assistance of
counsel in 1984, but this was later revisited in the 2002 case of: - ANS- Williams V. Taylor
Relations
The U.S. Supreme Court held that due process of law required appointment of counsel
for young, inexperienced, illiterate, and indigent defendants in capital cases in: - ANS-
Powell v. Alabama
The U.S. Supreme Court required the appointment of counsel for all indigent defendants
in federal criminal cases in: - ANS- Johnson v. Zerbst
The U.S. Supreme Court applied the right to counsel at all critical stages in the criminal
justice process, not just at trial, in: - ANS- Mempa v. Rhay
The U.S. Supreme Court extended to the states the requirement to appoint for all indigent
defendants in: - ANS- 1963
The right to counsel in all criminal prosecutions is established in the __________
Amendment to the U.S. Constitution. - ANS- 6th Amendment
The emphasis of bail reform efforts in the 1960s was - ANS- Reduction of Pretrial
detention
The emphasis of bail reform efforts in the 1970s was - ANS- Preventive detention
The U.S. Supreme Court held that the decision to prosecute may not be deliberately
based upon an unjustifiable standard such as race, religion, or other arbitrary
classification in: - ANS- BrodenKircher v. Haye
In 1984, the Supreme Court articulated constitutional standards for determining whether
a defendant had ineffective assistance of counsel in the case of: - ANS- Strickland v.
Washington
The odds of pretrial detention for__________ males were twice those for white males, and
the differences between these males and either African-American females or white
females were even larger. - ANS- African American
The first bail reform movement occurred during the 19__ - ANS- 2960s
, The second bail reform movement occurred during the 19___ - ANS- 1970s
In 1951 there were only ___________________ public defender organizations in the US. -
ANS- 7
In most states, _____________________________ felony cases are dismissed by the
prosecutor prior to a determination of guilt or innocence. - ANS- 1/3 or 1/2 of all felony
cases
The ______________________________ Project found that the majority of defendants
released on their own recognizance did appear for trial. - ANS- Manhattan Bail Project
Repeated studies consistently show that pretrial detention has __________ effects on
other case processing decisions. - ANS- Spillover effect
As part of the courtroom workgroup, in other words, public defenders are in a better
position than private attorneys to negotiate favorable plea bargains and thus to
______________ punishment. - ANS- Mitigate
Richard Sander, a law professor at the University of California Los Angeles, noted that
________ percent of the African-American students who entered law school in the fall of
1991 either did not graduate or did not pass the bar exam. - ANS-
A number of studies document ____________________ racial discrimination in bail
decisions. - ANS- Direct
When asked about the amount of racial bias that currently exists in the justice system,
more than half of the African American lawyers, but only _______ percent of the white
lawyers, answered "very much." - ANS-
The strongest predictor of the outcome of a bail decision is: - ANS- Prosecutors
recommendation on type and amount of bail
_______ is the case regarding a white student suing for admission to the University of
Michigan Law School. - ANS-
The U.S. Supreme Court barred imprisonment of a person for any offense unless they are
represented by counsel in: - ANS- Gideon v. Wainwright 1963
The U.S. Supreme Court held that defendants are entitled to effective assistance of
counsel in 1984, but this was later revisited in the 2002 case of: - ANS- Williams V. Taylor
