RADIATION PROTECTION ARRT STUDY GUIDE QUESTION BANK EXAM 2025

The principal late effects of ionizing radiation on humans include tissue damage ic effects nant disease - Correct Aic effects nant disease Late or long-term effects of radiation can occur in tissues as a result of chronic exposure or tissues that have survived a previous irradiation months or years earlier. These late effects, such as carcinogenesis and genetic effects, are "all-or-nothing" effects—either the organism develops cancer or it does not. Examples of late effects of ionizing radiation on humans include: mia tissue damage nant disease - Correct Ans-ALL... Occupationally exposed individuals are concerned principally with late (i.e., long-term or delayed) effects of ionizing radiation such as radiation-induced genetic effects, leukemia, and cancers (e.g., bone, lung, thyroid, and breast), as well as local effects, such as skin erythema, infertility, and cataracts—these can occur many years following initial exposure to low levels of ionizing radiation. The long-term/delayed effects usually are chronic, and many are represented by the linear, nonthreshold dose-response curve. The effect of ionizing radiation on tissue depends on which of the following? 1.Type of tissue interaction(s) 2.Amount of interactions 3.Biologic differences - Correct Ans-ALL... Stochastic effects of radiation are those that a threshold be described as "all-or-nothing" effects late effects - Correct A be described as "all-or-nothing" effects late effects Late effects of radiation can occur in cells that have survived a previous irradiation months or years earlier. These late effects, such as carcinogenesis and genetic effects, are "all-or-nothing" effects—either the organism develops cancer or it does not. Most late effects do not have a threshold dose; that is, any dose, however small, theoretically can induce an effect. Late effects of radiation, whose incidence is dose related and for which there is no threshold dose, are referred to as - Correct Ans-stochastic What contributes most to patient dose? - Correct Ans-The photoelectric effect a relatively low-energy photon uses all its energy to eject an inner-shell electron from the target atom, leaving a vacancy in that shell. An electron from the shell beyond drops down to fill the vacancy and, in doing so, emits a characteristic ray.This type of interaction contributes most to patient dose, because all the x-ray photon energy is being transferred to tissue. Which of the following interactions between x-ray photons and matter is most responsible for patient dose? - Correct Ans-The photoelectric effect The photoelectric effect is an interaction between an x-ray photon and - Correct Ans-an inner-shell electron a relatively low-energy incident photon uses all its energy to eject an inner-shell electron, leaving a vacancy. ______ occurs when an x-ray photon interacts with matter and disappears, as in the photoelectric effect. - Correct Ans-Absorption Which interaction between x-ray photons and matter results in total absorption of the incident photon? - Correct Ans-photoelectric effect The photoelectric effect and Compton scattering are the two predominant interactions between x-ray photons and matter in diagnostic x-ray. In the photoelectric effect, the low-energy incident photon uses all its energy to eject an atom's inner-shell electron. That photon ceases to exist—it has used all its energy to ionize the atom. The photoelectric effect is more likely to occur with bers having a high Z number -energy incident photons ive contrast media - Correct Abers having a high Z number ive contrast media The photoelectric effect occurs with high-atomic-number (Z) absorbers such as bone and with positive contrast media. a high-energy incident photon uses some of its energy to eject an outer-shell electron. In doing so, the incident photon is deflected with reduced energy, but usually retains most of its original energy and exits the body as an energetic scattered photon. - Correct Ans-Compton scatter In Compton scatter, the scattered radiation will either contribute to image fog or pose a radiation hazard to personnel, depending on its direction of exit. The x-ray interaction with matter that is responsible for the majority of scattered radiation reaching the image receptor (IR) is - Correct Ans-Compton scatter In doing so, the incident photon is deflected with reduced energy, but it usually retains most of its energy and exits the body as an energetic scattered ray. This scattered ray will either contribute to image fog or pose a radiation hazard to personnel depending on its direction of exit. What is the term used to describe x-ray photon interaction with matter and the transference of part of the photon's energy to matter? - Correct Ans-Scattering occurs when there is partial transfer of the proton's energy to matter, as in the Compton effect. Which interaction between x-ray photons and matter involves partial transfer of the incident photon energy to the involved atom? - Correct Ans-Compton scattering