HOSA Pathophysiology Exam Questions and Correct Solutions 2024/2025

HOSA Pathophysiology Exam Questions and Correct Solutions 2024 abduct - Answer -move an arm or leg away from the body abruptio placentae - Answer -detachment of the placenta from the uterus before birth; often results in severe bleeding ablation - Answer -excision or removal abscess - Answer -a localized collection of pus surrounded by swollen tissue acetabulum - Answer -the cup-shaped cavity in which the ball-shaped head of the femur articulates; hip socket achalasia - Answer -failure of the esophagogastric sphincter to relax with swallowing acholic - Answer -pale or clay-colored; this type of stool usually results from problems in the biliary system acidemia - Answer -a decreased pH of the blood; increased hydrogen ion concentration acidosis - Answer -a pathologic condition resulting from an abnormal increase in the level of hydrogen ions in the body (decrease in pH), resulting from the accumulation of acid or loss of the alkaline reserve acute abdomen - Answer -an abdominal condition of sudden onset, accompanied by pain resulting from intraabdominal inflammation or infection acyanotic - Answer -absence of a bluish appearance of the skin and mucous membranes adenocarcinoma - Answer -a cancerous tumor arising from glandular tissue adenoma - Answer -a benign neoplasm in which cells are derived from glandular epithelium adenosarcoma - Answer -a cancerous gland-like tumor, such as Wilms' tumor adenovirus - Answer -a virus pathogenic to humans that causes conjunctivitis, upper respiratory infection, cystitis, or GI infection; may persist in lymphoid tissue in latent period of the infection adnexal - Answer -pertaining to accessory organs or tissues; an appendage(s) agglutination - Answer -the clumping of antigens with antibodies or of the red blood cells from one type of blood with the red blood cells of another typeaggregation - Answer -the coming together of entities such as platelets, blood cells, or diseases agranulocytosis - Answer -a condition of the blood marked by a sudden decrease in the number of granulocytes (a type of white blood cell); occurs in lesions of the throat or other mucous membranes or as a side effect of the administration of certain drugs or radiation alkalosis - Answer -excessive alkalinity of body fluids allergen - Answer -an antigenic substance capable of producing an allergic response in the body allograft - Answer -a graft of tissue between genetically different individuals of the same species amblyopia - Answer -reduced vision in an eye without a detectable organic lesion amnesia - Answer -a loss of memory; inability to recall past experiences amniography - Answer -radiography (after injection of radiopaque contrast medium into the amniotic fluid) of the pregnant uterus to detect placement of the placenta, the amniotic cavity, and the fetus amniotic fluid - Answer -a transparent albuminous liquid made by the amnion and the fetus; surrounds and protects the fetus during pregnancy amylase - Answer -an enzyme produced in the salivary glands and pancreas that helps in digestion of starches amyloid - Answer -a waxy, starchlike protein that tends to build up in tissues and organs in certain pathologic conditions analgesia - Answer -relief of pain analogue - Answer -a drug that resembles another but has different effects anaphylaxis - Answer -a severe systemic allergic response characterized by redness, itching, swelling, and water buildup (angioedema); in severe cases, life-threatening respiratory distress occurs and the blood pressure drops rapidly (anaphylactic shock) anaplastic - Answer -a change in the orientation and structure of cells; a loss of differentiation that is characteristic of malignancy anastomosis - Answer -the surgical or pathologic connection between two vessels or tubular structures anesthesia - Answer -partial of complete loss of sensation caused by injury, diseases, or the administration of an anesthetic agent angina pectoris - Answer -paroxysmal chest pain, which often radiates to the arms and may be accompanied by a feeling of suffocation and impending death; the most common cause is a shortage of oxygen to the cardiac muscle linked with coronary artery diseaseangioplasty - Answer -repair of a narrowed blood vessel through surgery or other angiographic procedures angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) - Answer -an enzyme found on the surface of blood vessels in the lungs and other tissues with vasopressive action