BCHM 307 Exam 1/ Questions with Correct Verified Answers-
H H H H H H H H
Latest Update 2024.
H H H
AllHaminoHacidsHareHbasedHuponHtheHsameHgeneralHstructureHwhichHincludesH-HANSWERH-
HanHalphaHcarbon,HanHaminoHgroup,HaHcarboxylHgroupHandHaHRHgroup
ThereHareH4HdifferentHsubstituentsHattachedHtoHtheHalpha-carbon,HthusHmostHaminoHacidsHareHHHHH .
isHth
eHonlyHexceptionHbecauseHitsHRHgroupHisHH.H-HANSWERH-Hchiral;HgLYCINE
AminoHacidsHhaveHtwoHpossible -HANSWERH-Hstereoisomers
EnantiomersHareHaHparticularHtypeHofHstereoisomersHthatHare -HANSWERH-
HmirrorHimagesHofHoneHanother
AminoHacidsHcanHbeHeither (exceptHglycine)H-HANSWERH-HDHorHLH-Henantiomers
ProteinsHareHmadeHfrom aminoHacidsH-HANSWERH-HL
D-HaminoHacidsHareHfoundHin -HANSWERH-
HbacterialHcellHwallsHandHsomeHantibioticsHbutHareHrelativelyHrareHinHnature
HydrophobicH(nonpolar)H-HANSWERH-H-Alanine
-Valine
-Leucine
-Isoleucine
-Proline
- Methionine
pg.H1
,- Phenylalanine
- Tryptophan
-Glycine
Polar,HunchargedH-HANSWERH-H-Serine
- Threonine
-Cysteine
- Tyrosine
- Asparagine
-Glutamine
Polar,HchargedH-HANSWERH-H-AsparticHacid
-GlutamicHacid
- Lysine
- Arginine
- Histidine
OrganismsHthatHcanHmakeHallHofHtheH20HaminoHacidsH-HANSWERH-Hbacteria,Hyeast,HandHplants
SomeHaminoHacidsHareHmadeHdirectlyHfromHcommonHmetabolicHintermediates..HalanineHisHmadeHfrom -
HANSWERH-Hpyruvate
SomeHaminoHacidsHareHmadeHasHproductsHfromHlongHandHcomplexHpathways..HaromaticHaminoHacidsHfro
mHthe -HANSWERH-HshikimicHacidHpathway
TheHessentialHaminoHacidsH-HANSWERH-H1.HArginine
2. Histidine
3. Isoleucine
4. Leucine
pg.H2
, 5. Lysine
6. Methionine
7. Phenylalanine
8. Threonine
9. Tryptophan
10. Valine
PathwaysHleadingHtoHessentialHaminoHacidsHareHgoodHtargetsHfor -HANSWERH-Hherbicides
GlyphosphateH(Roundup)HisHanHinhibitorHof ,HanHenzymeHofHtheHshikimicHacidHpathwayH-HANSWERH-
HEPSPHsynthase
GlyphosphateHblocks -HANSWERH-HBlocksHtheHproductionHofHaromaticHaminoHacids
AscorbicHacidH(vitaminHC)HisHrequiredHforHtheHproductionHofH-HANSWERH-
HHydroxyprolineHandHhydroxylysine,HbothHofHwhichHareHfoundHinHconnectiveHtissue
AHdeficiencyHinHVitaminHCHisHknownHas -HANSWERH-Hscurvy
AcidsHareHproton ,HandHbasesHareHproton -HANSWERH-Hdonors,Hacceptors
AcidsHdissociateHinto andHaHconjugate -HANSWERH-Hprotons,Hbase
BasesHassociateHwith toHbecomeHtheirHconjugate -HANSWERH-Hprotons,Hacids
WhyHareHacid/baseHpropertiesHimportant?H-HANSWERH-
HBecauseHmanyHbiochemicalHcompoundsHareHeitherHacidsHorHbasesHorHbothHtheyHcanHinfluenceHtheHrelativeH
abundanceHofHprotonsHinHtheHcell
Similarly,HtheHrelativeHcontentHofHprotonsH(H+)HinHsolutionHdictatesHpHHwhichHinHturnHdictatesHtheHionizatio
nHstateHofHbiologicalHmolecules.
pg.H3
H H H H H H H H
Latest Update 2024.
H H H
AllHaminoHacidsHareHbasedHuponHtheHsameHgeneralHstructureHwhichHincludesH-HANSWERH-
HanHalphaHcarbon,HanHaminoHgroup,HaHcarboxylHgroupHandHaHRHgroup
ThereHareH4HdifferentHsubstituentsHattachedHtoHtheHalpha-carbon,HthusHmostHaminoHacidsHareHHHHH .
isHth
eHonlyHexceptionHbecauseHitsHRHgroupHisHH.H-HANSWERH-Hchiral;HgLYCINE
AminoHacidsHhaveHtwoHpossible -HANSWERH-Hstereoisomers
EnantiomersHareHaHparticularHtypeHofHstereoisomersHthatHare -HANSWERH-
HmirrorHimagesHofHoneHanother
AminoHacidsHcanHbeHeither (exceptHglycine)H-HANSWERH-HDHorHLH-Henantiomers
ProteinsHareHmadeHfrom aminoHacidsH-HANSWERH-HL
D-HaminoHacidsHareHfoundHin -HANSWERH-
HbacterialHcellHwallsHandHsomeHantibioticsHbutHareHrelativelyHrareHinHnature
HydrophobicH(nonpolar)H-HANSWERH-H-Alanine
-Valine
-Leucine
-Isoleucine
-Proline
- Methionine
pg.H1
,- Phenylalanine
- Tryptophan
-Glycine
Polar,HunchargedH-HANSWERH-H-Serine
- Threonine
-Cysteine
- Tyrosine
- Asparagine
-Glutamine
Polar,HchargedH-HANSWERH-H-AsparticHacid
-GlutamicHacid
- Lysine
- Arginine
- Histidine
OrganismsHthatHcanHmakeHallHofHtheH20HaminoHacidsH-HANSWERH-Hbacteria,Hyeast,HandHplants
SomeHaminoHacidsHareHmadeHdirectlyHfromHcommonHmetabolicHintermediates..HalanineHisHmadeHfrom -
HANSWERH-Hpyruvate
SomeHaminoHacidsHareHmadeHasHproductsHfromHlongHandHcomplexHpathways..HaromaticHaminoHacidsHfro
mHthe -HANSWERH-HshikimicHacidHpathway
TheHessentialHaminoHacidsH-HANSWERH-H1.HArginine
2. Histidine
3. Isoleucine
4. Leucine
pg.H2
, 5. Lysine
6. Methionine
7. Phenylalanine
8. Threonine
9. Tryptophan
10. Valine
PathwaysHleadingHtoHessentialHaminoHacidsHareHgoodHtargetsHfor -HANSWERH-Hherbicides
GlyphosphateH(Roundup)HisHanHinhibitorHof ,HanHenzymeHofHtheHshikimicHacidHpathwayH-HANSWERH-
HEPSPHsynthase
GlyphosphateHblocks -HANSWERH-HBlocksHtheHproductionHofHaromaticHaminoHacids
AscorbicHacidH(vitaminHC)HisHrequiredHforHtheHproductionHofH-HANSWERH-
HHydroxyprolineHandHhydroxylysine,HbothHofHwhichHareHfoundHinHconnectiveHtissue
AHdeficiencyHinHVitaminHCHisHknownHas -HANSWERH-Hscurvy
AcidsHareHproton ,HandHbasesHareHproton -HANSWERH-Hdonors,Hacceptors
AcidsHdissociateHinto andHaHconjugate -HANSWERH-Hprotons,Hbase
BasesHassociateHwith toHbecomeHtheirHconjugate -HANSWERH-Hprotons,Hacids
WhyHareHacid/baseHpropertiesHimportant?H-HANSWERH-
HBecauseHmanyHbiochemicalHcompoundsHareHeitherHacidsHorHbasesHorHbothHtheyHcanHinfluenceHtheHrelativeH
abundanceHofHprotonsHinHtheHcell
Similarly,HtheHrelativeHcontentHofHprotonsH(H+)HinHsolutionHdictatesHpHHwhichHinHturnHdictatesHtheHionizatio
nHstateHofHbiologicalHmolecules.
pg.H3
