CHEM 163 Midterm Test Questions Answered Correctly Latest 2025
Steric Number - Answers The number of attached atoms and the number of lone pairs
Carbon is ususally bonded to 4 things with four single bonds (sigma bonds) but you can also have pi
bonds - Answers
Alkyl groups - Answers Sec-butyl is R — CH(—CH3)—CH3
Tert-butyl - Answers R—C(—CH3)2—CH3
Acetylene - Answers C2H2
Acetone - Answers CH3C(O)CH3
Vinyl Group - Answers CH2=CH-
Styrene - Answers C6H5CH=CH2
Sigma bonds are formed by - Answers Head -to Head overlap of orbitals these are always single bonds.
Pi bonds are formed though - Answers side to side overlap or orbitals these are in double bonds
Week 6 - Answers
A chiral carbon has - Answers 4 unique sub stituents
Structural isomer - Answers same formula differnt arrangements of attoms ( Chain (branched or straight)
Positon (1-ene 2- ene) Functional (cyclo alkane))
Stereoisomers - Answers Same formula AND same position but different 3d arrangement (Cis/Trans -
optical)
Arene - Answers Cyclic unsaturated compounds (benzene) aromatic hydrocarbons, conjugated, the
electron density is delocalized the double bonds really move
Geometry of an arene - Answers planar
Hybridization of carbons on an Arene - Answers sp2
Huckels rule - Answers Predicts a planar ring molecule will have aromantic properites if it has 4n+2pi e-
when n is a non negative intereger
In Huckels rule when N is not an integer - Answers the compound is Antiaromatic and unstable.
- Alkyl - Answers -CH3
- Alkenyl - Answers -CH=CH2
, -Alkynyl - Answers -C=-CH
-Phenyl - Answers C6H5
-amino/ amine - Answers -N(H,R)2
-hydroxyl/ alcohol - Answers -OH
-alkoxy/ether - Answers R-O-R'
- Alkyl Halide - Answers R-F,Br, CL, I
- thiol - Answers -SH
- Aldehyde - Answers -C(=O)-H
-Ketone/-one - Answers R-C(=O)-R
-Ester/- ate - Answers -C(=O)-O-R
-Carboxylic acid / ic Acid - Answers -C(=O)-OH
Amide - Answers -C(=O)-N(H,R)2
OIL - Answers Oxidation is Loss
RIG - Answers Reduction is gain
Oxidation is - Answers the lost of electrons and H and adding oxygen
Reduction - Answers is Gaining electrons and H and losing oxygen
A first degree alcohol - Answers is connected to 1 other carbon
a second degree alcohol - Answers is connected to 2 other carbons
a third degree alcohol - Answers is connected to 3 other carbons
Alcohols can be oxidized to give - Answers Aldehydes and ketones
A primary alcohol can be oxidized to - Answers aldehyde
A Secondary Alcohol can be oxidized to - Answers a Ketone
Aldehyde can be further oxidized to a - Answers carboxylic acid
Replacing the H on an alcohol with a r group gives a - Answers Ether
Replacing the H on a carboxylic acid with an R group gives a - Answers Ester
Steric Number - Answers The number of attached atoms and the number of lone pairs
Carbon is ususally bonded to 4 things with four single bonds (sigma bonds) but you can also have pi
bonds - Answers
Alkyl groups - Answers Sec-butyl is R — CH(—CH3)—CH3
Tert-butyl - Answers R—C(—CH3)2—CH3
Acetylene - Answers C2H2
Acetone - Answers CH3C(O)CH3
Vinyl Group - Answers CH2=CH-
Styrene - Answers C6H5CH=CH2
Sigma bonds are formed by - Answers Head -to Head overlap of orbitals these are always single bonds.
Pi bonds are formed though - Answers side to side overlap or orbitals these are in double bonds
Week 6 - Answers
A chiral carbon has - Answers 4 unique sub stituents
Structural isomer - Answers same formula differnt arrangements of attoms ( Chain (branched or straight)
Positon (1-ene 2- ene) Functional (cyclo alkane))
Stereoisomers - Answers Same formula AND same position but different 3d arrangement (Cis/Trans -
optical)
Arene - Answers Cyclic unsaturated compounds (benzene) aromatic hydrocarbons, conjugated, the
electron density is delocalized the double bonds really move
Geometry of an arene - Answers planar
Hybridization of carbons on an Arene - Answers sp2
Huckels rule - Answers Predicts a planar ring molecule will have aromantic properites if it has 4n+2pi e-
when n is a non negative intereger
In Huckels rule when N is not an integer - Answers the compound is Antiaromatic and unstable.
- Alkyl - Answers -CH3
- Alkenyl - Answers -CH=CH2
, -Alkynyl - Answers -C=-CH
-Phenyl - Answers C6H5
-amino/ amine - Answers -N(H,R)2
-hydroxyl/ alcohol - Answers -OH
-alkoxy/ether - Answers R-O-R'
- Alkyl Halide - Answers R-F,Br, CL, I
- thiol - Answers -SH
- Aldehyde - Answers -C(=O)-H
-Ketone/-one - Answers R-C(=O)-R
-Ester/- ate - Answers -C(=O)-O-R
-Carboxylic acid / ic Acid - Answers -C(=O)-OH
Amide - Answers -C(=O)-N(H,R)2
OIL - Answers Oxidation is Loss
RIG - Answers Reduction is gain
Oxidation is - Answers the lost of electrons and H and adding oxygen
Reduction - Answers is Gaining electrons and H and losing oxygen
A first degree alcohol - Answers is connected to 1 other carbon
a second degree alcohol - Answers is connected to 2 other carbons
a third degree alcohol - Answers is connected to 3 other carbons
Alcohols can be oxidized to give - Answers Aldehydes and ketones
A primary alcohol can be oxidized to - Answers aldehyde
A Secondary Alcohol can be oxidized to - Answers a Ketone
Aldehyde can be further oxidized to a - Answers carboxylic acid
Replacing the H on an alcohol with a r group gives a - Answers Ether
Replacing the H on a carboxylic acid with an R group gives a - Answers Ester
