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Samenvatting Kennisclips TP BK wederzijdse beinvloeding en levensloop

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Samenvatting van belangrijkste begrippen, modellen en theorieën die aan bod komen in de kennisclips die worden gemaakt door TP docenten aan de HAN. Basiskennis jaar 1, periode 3, wederzijdse beïnvloeding en levensloop. (Grotendeels in het Nederlands maar een aantal delen in het Engels)

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BASISKENNIS KENNISCLIPS SAMENVATTING

Habituation = gewenning, a decrease in behavioral response after repeated exposure to a
stimulus.

Sensitization = sensibilisatie, an increase in behavioral response after exposure to a stimulus.

Klassieke conditionering = pavlovian conditioning, a type of associative learning in which a
neutral stimulus comes to elicit a response when it is associated with a stimulus that already
produces that response.

Acquisition = the gradual formation of an association between the conditioned and
unconditioned stimuli.

Extinction = a process in which the conditioned response is weakened when the conditioned
stimulus is repeated without the unconditioned stimulus.

Stimulus generalization = learning that occurs when stimuli that are similar but not identical
to the conditioned stimulus produce the conditioned response.

Stimulus discrimination = a differentiation between two similar stimuli when only one of
them is consistently associated with the unconditioned stimulus.

Spontaneous recovery = when a previously extinguished conditioned response reemerges
after the presentation of the conditioned stimulus.

Rescoria-wagner model = a cognitive model of classical conditioning; it holds that learning is
determined by the extent to which an unconditioned stimulus is unexpected or surprising.


Gazzaniga zegt over leren:
Relatief duurzame gedragsverandering als gevolg van ervaring.
Het is een cruciaal proces voor alle diersoorten om te overleven door aanpassing aan
omgeving.
Welk eten kan ik eten? Wie zijn vijanden?

Centraal aan veel alledaagse processen
Basis zoals spreken en lopen
Meer complexe handelingen als besturen van een vliegtuig, bouwen van een robot, etc.

3 typen leren

1. Niet associatief leren
Habituation -> vermindering in reactie na herhaaldelijke blootstelling aan stimulus, je
raakt bijvoorbeeld gewend aan een bepaald geluid of je voelt je kleren niet.
Sensitization -> toename in reactie na blootstelling aan stimulus, bijvoorbeeld
wanneer iets als bedreigend of pijnlijk wordt beschouwd.

, 2. Associatief leren
Klassieke conditionering -> voorspelling, voorspellende associaties, ik zie rook ik denk
aan vuur.
Generalization = een kind roept mama, moeder reageert hierop. Dezelfde moeder
reageert ook als een ander kind mama roept.
Discrimination = de voortstappen van het baasje (CS+) betekent eten voor Hector de
hond, terwijl de voetstappen van de postbode (CS-) geen eten oplevert.

Je kunt niet alles aanleren via CS-US associaties, sommige associaties tussen reacties
en stimuli leren we sneller aan. Bedreigend of gevaarlijk voldoet aan primaire
behoeften. Taste aversion, biological preparedness.

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