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theory of motivation holding that people are naturally lazy and uncooperative -
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manswer>>Theory X m
a leadership theory that suggests that leaders have innate qualities and charact
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eristics that others cannot acquire.
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sometimes referred to as the "great man theory" -answer>>Trait Theory
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Leadership involves managing: m m
People
m Tasks.
5 types of Managers
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-country club managers (low task, high relationship)
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-Impoverished leader (low task, low relationship)
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-Authoritative leader (High task, low relationship)
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- Middle-of-the-road (midpoint on both task& relationship)
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-Team leaders (High task, High relationship) -answer>>Blake-Mouton Theory
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propose that the effectiveness of a particular style of leader behavior depends o
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n the situation. Leaders can flex their behaviors to meet the needs of the situat
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ion.
-answer>>Situational Theories m
,Leaders adapt their behaviors to meet the evolving needs of their team.
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-considers talks and relationship behavior
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-includes: telling, selling, participating, and delegating -
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answer>>Hershey and Blanchard's Situational Leadership m m m m
Leaders change the situation to make it more more "favorable", more likely to prod
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uce good outcomes.
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"situation favorableness" occurs when:
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- leader-member relationships are strong
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-task structure and requirements are clear
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-the leader can exert the necessary power to reach a group's goals -
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answer>>Fielder's Contingency Theory m m
This theory emphasizes the leader's role in coaching and developing follower's c
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ore competencies. The leader performs the behavior needed to help employees
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mstay on track towards their goals. This involves addressing different employee
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needs:
Directive—
Help the employee understand the task and its goal. Supportive—
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Try to fulfill employee's relationship needs.
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Achievement—Motivate by setting challenging goals. m m m m
Participative—
Provide more control over work and leverage group expertise through participat
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ive decision making. -answer>>Path-Goal Theory
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,Leaders are not appointed but emerge from the group, which chooses the leader ba
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sed on interactions. -answer>>Emergent Theory
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- The formal aspects of an organization are usually documented in the organiza
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tion's charts, policies and in announcements and handbooks, and in the org's r
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eports to stakeholders. They are easier to see and can be slower to change tha
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n elements of an org's informal structure. -
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answer>>Formal organization features m m
- Learned by observing how people behave, communicate and interact with eac
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h other.
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- Example: Who people interact with and the nature of their interactions.
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- Often based on interpersonal relationships that are complex and subtle and ca
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n change frequently. -answer>>Informal organization features
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"Bureaucratic black belts"- m m
m know the system well and how to make things happen. "Tugboat pilots" -
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have good political instincts
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"Benevolent bureaucrats"- are willing to partner but have their own agendas
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"Wind surfers"-are willing to partner but only to share in any successes. -
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manswer>>Kelly and Medina's ally theories m m m m
- Employees' ability to make decisions that affect their work
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- Employees' sense of responsibility to the organization or team
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- The standards employees seek to meet or exceed.
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, - Employees' belief that they will be rewarded for their work
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- An understood mission and shared values
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- A feeling of commitment to a shared goal. -answer>>Leadership styles affect:
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- Coercive: The leader imposes a vision or solution on the team and demands th
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at the team follow this directive.
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Authoritative: The leader proposes a bold vision or solution and invites the tea
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m to join this challenge
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- Affiliative: The leader creates strong relationships with and inside the tea
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m, encouraging feedback. The team members are motivated by loyalty.
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- Democratic: The leader invites followers to collaborate and commits to acting
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by consensus.
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- Pacesetting: The leader sets a model for high performance standards an
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d challenges followers to meet these expectations.
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- Coaching: The leader focuses on developing team members' skills, believing th
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at success comes from aligning the organization's goals with employees persona
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l and professional goals. -answer>>Daniel Goleman's Leadership
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legitimate, reward, coercive, expert, referent -answer>>Types of power
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o Created formally-
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mthrough a title or position in the hierarchy that is associated with the rights of l
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eadership.
can save time in decision making and focus on goals
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May be insufficient if leader is not also competent and effective at leading. -
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answer>>legitamate power
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