Test Bank for Criminology
t/f: Sociologist Jack Katz argues that there are immediate benefits to criminality which
he labels the "lures of crime." - ANSWERSfalse
Fred is a 20 year old who lives in a large metropolitan city. He graduated high school
but decided that he would get a job immediately following high school instead of going
to college. He thought making money at that moment was more important than
furthering his education. Now, Fred realizes he is stuck at a dead-end job making
minimum wage and is tired of working so many hours and making so little money. Fred
is thinking about committing various crimes in order to supplement his income.
What is the term used to describe Fred if he were to move to a different community to
commit his burglaries? - ANSWERSincreased police patrols in the neighborhood
Which of the following circumstances would prompt an offender to decide to forgo
crime? - ANSWERSThe offender would stand a good chance of being caught and
punished.
Trevor is a habitual criminal offender. He has committed dozens of robberies, hundreds
of burglaries and stolen approximately 30 vehicles. Trevor was fourteen when he was
first arrested for stealing a car. He is now forty-four years old and just got out of prison.
He spent ten years in prison for an armed robbery.
The judge explained to Trevor at his sentencing hearing ten years ago that if he is
arrested and convicted of another crime after he serves his ten years, he is likely to get
a lifetime prison sentence under strict sentencing guidelines. Trevor remembers the
words of the judge when he is released from prison. If the judge's words are what have
convinced Trevor to remain crime free, what crime control policy has successfully kept
Trevor law abiding? - ANSWERSgeneral deterrence
t/f: If the punishment for a crime is increased and the effectiveness and efficiency of the
criminal justice system are improved, then the number of people engaging in that crime
should decline. - ANSWERStrue
That thieves select German cars indicates that auto theft is rational because -
ANSWERSGerman cars usually have high-quality audio equipment.
t/f: Auto thieves are not selective in their choice of target since all cars can be stripped
for their valuable parts. - ANSWERSfalse
People who believe that they will be caught if they commit crime are the ones most
likely to be deterred from committing criminal acts. What element of deterrence does
this reflect? - ANSWERScertainty of punishment
,t/f: The fact that a crime is offense-specific means that criminals must decide if they
have the personal needs, skills, and prerequisites to commit a successful criminal act. -
ANSWERSfalse
t/f: The concept behind rational choice theory is that crime is a function of a decision-
making process in which the potential offender weighs the potential costs and benefits
of an illegal act. - ANSWERStrue
Fred is a 20 year old who lives in a large metropolitan city. He graduated high school
but decided that he would get a job immediately following high school instead of going
to college. He thought making money at that moment was more important than
furthering his education. Now, Fred realizes he is stuck at a dead-end job making
minimum wage and is tired of working so many hours and making so little money. Fred
is thinking about committing various crimes in order to supplement his income.
In order for people to best protect their personal property from people like Fred, they
would need to improve the effectiveness of crime _________________, which are
people who serve as guardians of property or people who can help control would-be
criminals. - ANSWERSdiscouragers
According to Nobel Prize-winning economist Gary Becker, criminals engage in a(n)
__________ of crime. - ANSWERScost-benefit analysis
t/f: According to deterrence theory, not only does the actual chance of punishment
influence criminality, but so does the perception of punishment. - ANSWERStrue
t/f: Criminals structure crime. For instance, crack cocaine street dealers prefer the
middle of a long block as the best location for dealing. - ANSWERStrue
t/f: Rational choice theory has roots in the positivist school of criminology. -
ANSWERSfalse
What occurs when crime control efforts simply move, or redirect, offenders to less
heavily guarded alternative targets. - ANSWERSdisplacement
t/f: Less than 1/3 of all convicted felons are rearrested within three years of their release
from prison. - ANSWERSfalse
Trevor is a habitual criminal offender. He has committed dozens of robberies, hundreds
of burglaries and stolen approximately 30 vehicles. Trevor was fourteen when he was
first arrested for stealing a car. He is now forty-four years old and just got out of prison.
He spent ten years in prison for an armed robbery.
In total, Trevor has spent over twenty years of his life incarcerated, between juvenile
and adult institutions. His family cannot understand why he continues to commit crime.
They are concerned that he will not be able to remain law-abiding. What does the
,research say about the effect of incarceration and an offender's likeliness to repeat
criminal behavior? - ANSWERSMost offenders are rearrested within three years of their
release from prison.
What happens when crime reduction programs produce a short-term positive effect, but
benefits dissipate as criminals adjust to new conditions? - ANSWERSextinction
t/f: Diffusion of benefits occurs when efforts to prevent one crime unintentionally prevent
another. - ANSWERStrue
Fred is a 20 year old who lives in a large metropolitan city. He graduated high school
but decided that he would get a job immediately following high school instead of going
to college. He thought making money at that moment was more important than
furthering his education. Now, Fred realizes he is stuck at a dead-end job making
minimum wage and is tired of working so many hours and making so little money. Fred
is thinking about committing various crimes in order to supplement his income.
All of the following would be considered offense-specific to burglary that Fred might
consider EXCEPT: - ANSWERSFred's immediate need for money
t/f Specific deterrence is also called particular deterrence. - ANSWERStrue
Trevor spent his ten year sentence in a maximum security prison. There he witnessed
assaults and even murders. Often times, he was in fear for his life. Reflecting back on
the past ten years and what he was exposed to, Trevor is determined never to commit
another crime to end up in prison again. What crime control policy is in effect here? -
ANSWERSgeneral deterrence
t/f Robbers generally choose targets close to their homes or in areas to which they
routinely travel. - ANSWERStrue
At the end of the 19th century, the popularity of the classical approach began to decline
as _____ criminologists focused their attentions on internal and external factors - such
as poverty, IQ, and education - rather than personal choice and decision making. -
ANSWERSpositivist
Trevor is a habitual criminal offender. He has committed dozens of robberies, hundreds
of burglaries and stolen approximately 30 vehicles. Trevor was fourteen when he was
first arrested for stealing a car. He is now forty-four years old and just got out of prison.
He spent ten years in prison for an armed robbery.
According to the ______________ effect, while in prison for ten years, Trevor was
prevented from committing further offenses. - ANSWERSincapacitation
Marcus Felson argues that the risk of crime may be increased by improving the
effectiveness of ____ . - ANSWERScrime discouragers
, The "high" or the excitement/exhilaration of successfully executing illegal activities in
dangerous situations is referred to as - ANSWERSedgework
t/f Evidence shows that three strike laws are effective crime control policies. -
ANSWERSfalse
What happens when efforts to prevent one crime unintentionally prevent another? -
ANSWERSdiffusion
What is known about police and certainty of punishment? - ANSWERSThe manner in
which police approach their tasks may have more deterrence power than simply adding
more police.
t/f The major premise of incapacitation is that known criminals must be kept in prison
and this will reduce crime rates. - ANSWERStrue
What happens when criminals try new offenses they had previously avoided because
situational crime prevention programs neutralized their crime of choice? -
ANSWERSreplacement
If more criminals are sent to prison, the crime rate should go down. This is referred to as
- ANSWERSthe incapacitation effec
Awareness space" indicates that which crime is rational? - ANSWERSrobbery
t/f Referring to personality and criminal choices, Siegel states criminals are more
impulsive and have less-self control than other people. - ANSWERStrue
The rationale for using "three strikes" sentencing policies relies on - ANSWERSgeneral
deterrence and incapacitation
t/f Situational crime prevention suggests that crime prevention can be achieved by
reducing the opportunities people have to commit particular crimes. - ANSWERStrue
Fred is a 20 year old who lives in a large metropolitan city. He graduated high school
but decided that he would get a job immediately following high school instead of going
to college. He thought making money at that moment was more important than
furthering his education. Now, Fred realizes he is stuck at a dead-end job making
minimum wage and is tired of working so many hours and making so little money. Fred
is thinking about committing various crimes in order to supplement his income.
According to the research on burglaries, in general, when do burglars prefer to commit
their crime? - ANSWERS9am to 11am
t/f: Sociologist Jack Katz argues that there are immediate benefits to criminality which
he labels the "lures of crime." - ANSWERSfalse
Fred is a 20 year old who lives in a large metropolitan city. He graduated high school
but decided that he would get a job immediately following high school instead of going
to college. He thought making money at that moment was more important than
furthering his education. Now, Fred realizes he is stuck at a dead-end job making
minimum wage and is tired of working so many hours and making so little money. Fred
is thinking about committing various crimes in order to supplement his income.
What is the term used to describe Fred if he were to move to a different community to
commit his burglaries? - ANSWERSincreased police patrols in the neighborhood
Which of the following circumstances would prompt an offender to decide to forgo
crime? - ANSWERSThe offender would stand a good chance of being caught and
punished.
Trevor is a habitual criminal offender. He has committed dozens of robberies, hundreds
of burglaries and stolen approximately 30 vehicles. Trevor was fourteen when he was
first arrested for stealing a car. He is now forty-four years old and just got out of prison.
He spent ten years in prison for an armed robbery.
The judge explained to Trevor at his sentencing hearing ten years ago that if he is
arrested and convicted of another crime after he serves his ten years, he is likely to get
a lifetime prison sentence under strict sentencing guidelines. Trevor remembers the
words of the judge when he is released from prison. If the judge's words are what have
convinced Trevor to remain crime free, what crime control policy has successfully kept
Trevor law abiding? - ANSWERSgeneral deterrence
t/f: If the punishment for a crime is increased and the effectiveness and efficiency of the
criminal justice system are improved, then the number of people engaging in that crime
should decline. - ANSWERStrue
That thieves select German cars indicates that auto theft is rational because -
ANSWERSGerman cars usually have high-quality audio equipment.
t/f: Auto thieves are not selective in their choice of target since all cars can be stripped
for their valuable parts. - ANSWERSfalse
People who believe that they will be caught if they commit crime are the ones most
likely to be deterred from committing criminal acts. What element of deterrence does
this reflect? - ANSWERScertainty of punishment
,t/f: The fact that a crime is offense-specific means that criminals must decide if they
have the personal needs, skills, and prerequisites to commit a successful criminal act. -
ANSWERSfalse
t/f: The concept behind rational choice theory is that crime is a function of a decision-
making process in which the potential offender weighs the potential costs and benefits
of an illegal act. - ANSWERStrue
Fred is a 20 year old who lives in a large metropolitan city. He graduated high school
but decided that he would get a job immediately following high school instead of going
to college. He thought making money at that moment was more important than
furthering his education. Now, Fred realizes he is stuck at a dead-end job making
minimum wage and is tired of working so many hours and making so little money. Fred
is thinking about committing various crimes in order to supplement his income.
In order for people to best protect their personal property from people like Fred, they
would need to improve the effectiveness of crime _________________, which are
people who serve as guardians of property or people who can help control would-be
criminals. - ANSWERSdiscouragers
According to Nobel Prize-winning economist Gary Becker, criminals engage in a(n)
__________ of crime. - ANSWERScost-benefit analysis
t/f: According to deterrence theory, not only does the actual chance of punishment
influence criminality, but so does the perception of punishment. - ANSWERStrue
t/f: Criminals structure crime. For instance, crack cocaine street dealers prefer the
middle of a long block as the best location for dealing. - ANSWERStrue
t/f: Rational choice theory has roots in the positivist school of criminology. -
ANSWERSfalse
What occurs when crime control efforts simply move, or redirect, offenders to less
heavily guarded alternative targets. - ANSWERSdisplacement
t/f: Less than 1/3 of all convicted felons are rearrested within three years of their release
from prison. - ANSWERSfalse
Trevor is a habitual criminal offender. He has committed dozens of robberies, hundreds
of burglaries and stolen approximately 30 vehicles. Trevor was fourteen when he was
first arrested for stealing a car. He is now forty-four years old and just got out of prison.
He spent ten years in prison for an armed robbery.
In total, Trevor has spent over twenty years of his life incarcerated, between juvenile
and adult institutions. His family cannot understand why he continues to commit crime.
They are concerned that he will not be able to remain law-abiding. What does the
,research say about the effect of incarceration and an offender's likeliness to repeat
criminal behavior? - ANSWERSMost offenders are rearrested within three years of their
release from prison.
What happens when crime reduction programs produce a short-term positive effect, but
benefits dissipate as criminals adjust to new conditions? - ANSWERSextinction
t/f: Diffusion of benefits occurs when efforts to prevent one crime unintentionally prevent
another. - ANSWERStrue
Fred is a 20 year old who lives in a large metropolitan city. He graduated high school
but decided that he would get a job immediately following high school instead of going
to college. He thought making money at that moment was more important than
furthering his education. Now, Fred realizes he is stuck at a dead-end job making
minimum wage and is tired of working so many hours and making so little money. Fred
is thinking about committing various crimes in order to supplement his income.
All of the following would be considered offense-specific to burglary that Fred might
consider EXCEPT: - ANSWERSFred's immediate need for money
t/f Specific deterrence is also called particular deterrence. - ANSWERStrue
Trevor spent his ten year sentence in a maximum security prison. There he witnessed
assaults and even murders. Often times, he was in fear for his life. Reflecting back on
the past ten years and what he was exposed to, Trevor is determined never to commit
another crime to end up in prison again. What crime control policy is in effect here? -
ANSWERSgeneral deterrence
t/f Robbers generally choose targets close to their homes or in areas to which they
routinely travel. - ANSWERStrue
At the end of the 19th century, the popularity of the classical approach began to decline
as _____ criminologists focused their attentions on internal and external factors - such
as poverty, IQ, and education - rather than personal choice and decision making. -
ANSWERSpositivist
Trevor is a habitual criminal offender. He has committed dozens of robberies, hundreds
of burglaries and stolen approximately 30 vehicles. Trevor was fourteen when he was
first arrested for stealing a car. He is now forty-four years old and just got out of prison.
He spent ten years in prison for an armed robbery.
According to the ______________ effect, while in prison for ten years, Trevor was
prevented from committing further offenses. - ANSWERSincapacitation
Marcus Felson argues that the risk of crime may be increased by improving the
effectiveness of ____ . - ANSWERScrime discouragers
, The "high" or the excitement/exhilaration of successfully executing illegal activities in
dangerous situations is referred to as - ANSWERSedgework
t/f Evidence shows that three strike laws are effective crime control policies. -
ANSWERSfalse
What happens when efforts to prevent one crime unintentionally prevent another? -
ANSWERSdiffusion
What is known about police and certainty of punishment? - ANSWERSThe manner in
which police approach their tasks may have more deterrence power than simply adding
more police.
t/f The major premise of incapacitation is that known criminals must be kept in prison
and this will reduce crime rates. - ANSWERStrue
What happens when criminals try new offenses they had previously avoided because
situational crime prevention programs neutralized their crime of choice? -
ANSWERSreplacement
If more criminals are sent to prison, the crime rate should go down. This is referred to as
- ANSWERSthe incapacitation effec
Awareness space" indicates that which crime is rational? - ANSWERSrobbery
t/f Referring to personality and criminal choices, Siegel states criminals are more
impulsive and have less-self control than other people. - ANSWERStrue
The rationale for using "three strikes" sentencing policies relies on - ANSWERSgeneral
deterrence and incapacitation
t/f Situational crime prevention suggests that crime prevention can be achieved by
reducing the opportunities people have to commit particular crimes. - ANSWERStrue
Fred is a 20 year old who lives in a large metropolitan city. He graduated high school
but decided that he would get a job immediately following high school instead of going
to college. He thought making money at that moment was more important than
furthering his education. Now, Fred realizes he is stuck at a dead-end job making
minimum wage and is tired of working so many hours and making so little money. Fred
is thinking about committing various crimes in order to supplement his income.
According to the research on burglaries, in general, when do burglars prefer to commit
their crime? - ANSWERS9am to 11am
