3/24/25, 7:48 AQA A Level Psychology - Eating Behaviour Flashcards |
AM
AQA A LEVEL PSYCHOLOGY - EATING BEHAVIOUR EXAM QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED
Terms in this set (49)
argues that humans have evolved to prefer foods that were important for survival in
outline the evolutionary approach to eating
the environment of evolutionary adaptation when humans were hunter gatherers
preferences
and food resources were unreliable
- preference for fat and sweet tastes
what are the three evolutionary arguments
- neophobia
for food preferences?
- taste aversion
during human evolution, fat and sweet foods would have been essential to the diet
how does the evolutionary approach but hard to get, so it would have been adaptive to prefer high fat and sweet foods
to food preferences suggest
preference for fat and sweet tastes logue found that all age groups prefer sweet tastes - 3 day old babies preferred
has been evolved? sweet milk (too young to be influenced by environment)
avoiding new foods would have been adaptive to avoid food which might be
how does the evolutionary approach to poisonous
food preferences suggest neophobia has
been evolved? evidence that neophobia does have a genetic element - holly harris looked at 2000
sets of mz and dz twins and 58% of variation was due to genes
when an animal associates a certain food with unpleasant symptoms so avoids it
- trains the body to avoid poisonous substances
how does the evolutionary approach
to food preferences suggest taste
garcia gave three groups of rats sweetened water followed by no, mild or strong
aversion has evolved?
radiation - the rats exposed to radiation avoided sweetened water. he found
they couldn't be so easily conditioned to avoid sights or sounds
+ humans are animals so it is likely that some food preferences are shaped by
evolution
evaluate the evolutionary approach to food
preferences
- speculative
- only focus on nature factors
operant conditioning: children reinforced for eating certain foods which makes them
explain how social influences can affect more likely to eat it in the future
food preferences social learning: children imitate attitudes of parents, peers and role models towards
food. more likely if vicarious reinforcement
- birch: children placed next to children with a different vegetable preference for
four days and their preferences shifted
give evidence for social influences
affecting food preferences
- boyland: studied 59 children who watched advertisements for either food or toys.
those who watched the snack adverts were more likely to eat afterwards
people can 'learn' their food preferences from their culture through social learning -
explain how culture can influence food it can influence what food is seen as palatable (ferrante)
preferences if a child grows up seeing role models eating certain foods they will imitate them
and see that food as desirable
1/
6
, 3/24/25, 7:48 AQA A Level Psychology - Eating Behaviour Flashcards |
AM
- akan et al studied eating in female college students from different cultural
groups in the us and found differences e.g. white students were more likely to
give some evidence for how cultural have
factors influence eating disordered eating and dieting behaviours than asian students
- becker: 38 months after western tv was introduced into fiji, girls became
more concerned about dieting and body weight
+ research shows that human food preferences are shaped by social and cultural
evaluate social influences as factors
an explanation for food
preferences - only focus on nurture factors and don't consider role of nature
what are the two features of the hypothalamus and hormones
brain/neural system that may influence
eating?
areas influence eating behaviour to maintain homeostasis of essential nutrients like
glucose. the lateral hypothalamus triggers eating in response to low levels of blood
explain how the hypothalamus may
glucose and chemical messengers, and the ventro-medial hypothalamus contains
influence eating
the satiety which inhibits eating behaviour when we are full. it responds to high
levels of blood glucose and other chemical messengers
- rats with a damged lh stopped eating and lost weight, while rats with a damaged
vmh overate and became obese. electrical stimulation can also trigger these
give evidence for how the hypothalamus eating behaviours (unclear whether results can be generalised to humans)
may influence eating
- lewin reports the case of a new zealand nurse who lost weight and it was found
that she had a tumour in her lh (may have been a unique case)
what are the two hormones that may leptin and ghrelin
influence eating behaviours?
it reduces energy consumption as it is made by fat cells - when the body is
explain how leptin may influence eating
carrying a lot of fat high levels are produced to reduce appetite (anorexigenic
behaviours
effect) by
acting on the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus
- a jackson lab found an obese mouse that was constantly eating, so they
surgically attached it to a thin mouse and it began to stop eating and lose
weight - lacking leptin
give evidence for leptin having an effect on
- mice with genetic mutations which can't produce or respond to leptin become
eating behaviours
obese
- farooqi described the case of a clinically obese child who had a genetic mutation
involving leptin and lost weight when he was given it
it increases energy intake - produced in the gastrointestinal tract when the
explain how ghrelin can influence eating
stomach is empty to increase hunger. when the stomach is stretched, secretion
behaviours
stops. it acts on the hypothalamus
give evidence for ghrelin affecting eating - injections on ghrelin have been shown to increase food intake in a dose-dependent
behaviours manner
+ evidence shows neural mechanisms do play a part
evaluate brain/neural influences as an
explanation for eating behaviour
- only focus on nature factors
what are the two possible neural factors and genes
biological explanations of
anorexia?
2/
6
AM
AQA A LEVEL PSYCHOLOGY - EATING BEHAVIOUR EXAM QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED
Terms in this set (49)
argues that humans have evolved to prefer foods that were important for survival in
outline the evolutionary approach to eating
the environment of evolutionary adaptation when humans were hunter gatherers
preferences
and food resources were unreliable
- preference for fat and sweet tastes
what are the three evolutionary arguments
- neophobia
for food preferences?
- taste aversion
during human evolution, fat and sweet foods would have been essential to the diet
how does the evolutionary approach but hard to get, so it would have been adaptive to prefer high fat and sweet foods
to food preferences suggest
preference for fat and sweet tastes logue found that all age groups prefer sweet tastes - 3 day old babies preferred
has been evolved? sweet milk (too young to be influenced by environment)
avoiding new foods would have been adaptive to avoid food which might be
how does the evolutionary approach to poisonous
food preferences suggest neophobia has
been evolved? evidence that neophobia does have a genetic element - holly harris looked at 2000
sets of mz and dz twins and 58% of variation was due to genes
when an animal associates a certain food with unpleasant symptoms so avoids it
- trains the body to avoid poisonous substances
how does the evolutionary approach
to food preferences suggest taste
garcia gave three groups of rats sweetened water followed by no, mild or strong
aversion has evolved?
radiation - the rats exposed to radiation avoided sweetened water. he found
they couldn't be so easily conditioned to avoid sights or sounds
+ humans are animals so it is likely that some food preferences are shaped by
evolution
evaluate the evolutionary approach to food
preferences
- speculative
- only focus on nature factors
operant conditioning: children reinforced for eating certain foods which makes them
explain how social influences can affect more likely to eat it in the future
food preferences social learning: children imitate attitudes of parents, peers and role models towards
food. more likely if vicarious reinforcement
- birch: children placed next to children with a different vegetable preference for
four days and their preferences shifted
give evidence for social influences
affecting food preferences
- boyland: studied 59 children who watched advertisements for either food or toys.
those who watched the snack adverts were more likely to eat afterwards
people can 'learn' their food preferences from their culture through social learning -
explain how culture can influence food it can influence what food is seen as palatable (ferrante)
preferences if a child grows up seeing role models eating certain foods they will imitate them
and see that food as desirable
1/
6
, 3/24/25, 7:48 AQA A Level Psychology - Eating Behaviour Flashcards |
AM
- akan et al studied eating in female college students from different cultural
groups in the us and found differences e.g. white students were more likely to
give some evidence for how cultural have
factors influence eating disordered eating and dieting behaviours than asian students
- becker: 38 months after western tv was introduced into fiji, girls became
more concerned about dieting and body weight
+ research shows that human food preferences are shaped by social and cultural
evaluate social influences as factors
an explanation for food
preferences - only focus on nurture factors and don't consider role of nature
what are the two features of the hypothalamus and hormones
brain/neural system that may influence
eating?
areas influence eating behaviour to maintain homeostasis of essential nutrients like
glucose. the lateral hypothalamus triggers eating in response to low levels of blood
explain how the hypothalamus may
glucose and chemical messengers, and the ventro-medial hypothalamus contains
influence eating
the satiety which inhibits eating behaviour when we are full. it responds to high
levels of blood glucose and other chemical messengers
- rats with a damged lh stopped eating and lost weight, while rats with a damaged
vmh overate and became obese. electrical stimulation can also trigger these
give evidence for how the hypothalamus eating behaviours (unclear whether results can be generalised to humans)
may influence eating
- lewin reports the case of a new zealand nurse who lost weight and it was found
that she had a tumour in her lh (may have been a unique case)
what are the two hormones that may leptin and ghrelin
influence eating behaviours?
it reduces energy consumption as it is made by fat cells - when the body is
explain how leptin may influence eating
carrying a lot of fat high levels are produced to reduce appetite (anorexigenic
behaviours
effect) by
acting on the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus
- a jackson lab found an obese mouse that was constantly eating, so they
surgically attached it to a thin mouse and it began to stop eating and lose
weight - lacking leptin
give evidence for leptin having an effect on
- mice with genetic mutations which can't produce or respond to leptin become
eating behaviours
obese
- farooqi described the case of a clinically obese child who had a genetic mutation
involving leptin and lost weight when he was given it
it increases energy intake - produced in the gastrointestinal tract when the
explain how ghrelin can influence eating
stomach is empty to increase hunger. when the stomach is stretched, secretion
behaviours
stops. it acts on the hypothalamus
give evidence for ghrelin affecting eating - injections on ghrelin have been shown to increase food intake in a dose-dependent
behaviours manner
+ evidence shows neural mechanisms do play a part
evaluate brain/neural influences as an
explanation for eating behaviour
- only focus on nature factors
what are the two possible neural factors and genes
biological explanations of
anorexia?
2/
6
