3/24/25, 7:53 RNR 2039 Exam 2 Flashcards |
AM
RNR 2039 EXAM 2 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
VERIFIED LATEST UPDATE
Terms in this set (83)
As inexhaustible, leading to extensive How did early settlers view natural resources in the New World?
use and exploitation.
Farm, Forests, Fur, Fish What were the Four F's that fueled the colonial economy?
As property of the Crown, restricting How did the British Crown view land and wildlife in the colonies?
public access, which Americans rejected
A law limiting the sale of timber outside the What early forestry regulation did the Pilgrims implement in 1626?
colony, though it lacked enforcement
A deer protection law made to regulate the What early wildlife regulation did the Pilgrims implement in 1639?
killing of wildlife, though it lacked
enforcement
It was a central economic driver, Why was the fishing industry important in colonial America?
especially in New England, and heavily
exploited by European nations
Exemption from public taxes for What policy encouraged the fishing industry in Massachusetts in 1639?
vessels and fishing-related property
for seven
years. At height of season, all personnel in
fisheries and shipbuilding exempt from
military duty
Early history philosophy for period to the 1600 to about 1900. Resulted in a vast
Utilitarianism
overexploitation and wildlife, fish and forest resources hit a low point
1. Acquisition What are the six eras of federal land ownership according to Clawson and Held
2.Disposal (1957)?
3.Reservation
4.Custodial management
5. Intensive management
6.Consultation and conflict
First era of federal land management of the United States. Philosophy: Exploitation.
Acquisition Following the Revolutionary War, building a New Nation and proceeding to acquire a
lot of land
Through state cessions, treaties with Native How did the U.S. acquire public lands after the Revolutionary War?
Americans (more like theft), and purchases
from foreign powers
Public domain Land acquired by US from another country
Land transferred to federal or state agency from public domain or bought for/by that
Public land
agency
After the Revolutionary War, what were all vacant and unappropriated lands in
State ownership
original colonies ceded to?
Second era of federal land management of the US. Philosophy: Utilization.
Disposal
Initial goal was to get land into private ownership
1/
7
, 3/24/25, 7:53 RNR 2039 Exam 2 Flashcards |
AM
- Pay off war debt
- Enticement for military duty
- Source of revenue for federal government
Motivations for disposal
- Private ownership economically efficient
- Finance public education
- Promote westward expansion
Land Sales-Squatters-Homesteading Three phases of disposal
Homestead Act of 1862 Provided 160 acres, payment of fees, proof of residence and cultivation for 5 years
What act created land grant colleges? Had a second act in 1890 for historically black
Morill Act 1862
institutions
70-75%, mostly converted to private How much of original Public Domain was disposed?
agricultural land that was given away
or sold cheap
Third era of Land Policy of the United States. Philosophy: Conservation.
Reservation Only began after it became clear that land and natural resources were being abused
- concern for the future
After the concept of reservation was first implemented in New York (1885), what was
State Forest Commission
created?
Hot Springs, Arkansas, in 1832 What was the first federally reserved land for recreation?
It was initially given to California but later What was significant about the Yosemite land grant of 1864?
returned to federal management,
becoming part of the National Park Service
in 1890
Yellowstone National Park (1872) The first U.S. national park
What act authorized the U.S. president to set aside public lands with forests for
Forest Reserve Act of 1891
conservation.
Harrison and Cleveland Which presidents first set aside millions of acres after the Forest Reserve Act of 1891?
Department of the Interior Where were Forest Reserves originally "housed"
The first U.S. Chief Forester of the USFS and a major proponent of conservation.
Gifford Pinchot
Popularized the idea of conservation and wise use
Land prices Initially high; later was much lower
States and railroads Got a large portion of land
Land, regulations, incentives, controlled How do we protect & manage Renewable Natural Resources?
markets, intensive management
Prohibited interstate commerce in wildlife. Original purpose was to hinder market
Lacey Act (1900)
hunting. Today, the act prevents the spread of invasive species
1. The public trust The North American Model of Wildlife Conservation
2.Prohibitions on commerce
3.Democratic rule of law
4. Hunting opportunity for all
5. Non-frivolous use
6.International resources
7. Scientific management
- U.S. Forest Service - USDA Big players in the protection of land
- National Park Service - USDI
- U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service - USDI
- Bureau of Land Management - USDI
2/
7
AM
RNR 2039 EXAM 2 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
VERIFIED LATEST UPDATE
Terms in this set (83)
As inexhaustible, leading to extensive How did early settlers view natural resources in the New World?
use and exploitation.
Farm, Forests, Fur, Fish What were the Four F's that fueled the colonial economy?
As property of the Crown, restricting How did the British Crown view land and wildlife in the colonies?
public access, which Americans rejected
A law limiting the sale of timber outside the What early forestry regulation did the Pilgrims implement in 1626?
colony, though it lacked enforcement
A deer protection law made to regulate the What early wildlife regulation did the Pilgrims implement in 1639?
killing of wildlife, though it lacked
enforcement
It was a central economic driver, Why was the fishing industry important in colonial America?
especially in New England, and heavily
exploited by European nations
Exemption from public taxes for What policy encouraged the fishing industry in Massachusetts in 1639?
vessels and fishing-related property
for seven
years. At height of season, all personnel in
fisheries and shipbuilding exempt from
military duty
Early history philosophy for period to the 1600 to about 1900. Resulted in a vast
Utilitarianism
overexploitation and wildlife, fish and forest resources hit a low point
1. Acquisition What are the six eras of federal land ownership according to Clawson and Held
2.Disposal (1957)?
3.Reservation
4.Custodial management
5. Intensive management
6.Consultation and conflict
First era of federal land management of the United States. Philosophy: Exploitation.
Acquisition Following the Revolutionary War, building a New Nation and proceeding to acquire a
lot of land
Through state cessions, treaties with Native How did the U.S. acquire public lands after the Revolutionary War?
Americans (more like theft), and purchases
from foreign powers
Public domain Land acquired by US from another country
Land transferred to federal or state agency from public domain or bought for/by that
Public land
agency
After the Revolutionary War, what were all vacant and unappropriated lands in
State ownership
original colonies ceded to?
Second era of federal land management of the US. Philosophy: Utilization.
Disposal
Initial goal was to get land into private ownership
1/
7
, 3/24/25, 7:53 RNR 2039 Exam 2 Flashcards |
AM
- Pay off war debt
- Enticement for military duty
- Source of revenue for federal government
Motivations for disposal
- Private ownership economically efficient
- Finance public education
- Promote westward expansion
Land Sales-Squatters-Homesteading Three phases of disposal
Homestead Act of 1862 Provided 160 acres, payment of fees, proof of residence and cultivation for 5 years
What act created land grant colleges? Had a second act in 1890 for historically black
Morill Act 1862
institutions
70-75%, mostly converted to private How much of original Public Domain was disposed?
agricultural land that was given away
or sold cheap
Third era of Land Policy of the United States. Philosophy: Conservation.
Reservation Only began after it became clear that land and natural resources were being abused
- concern for the future
After the concept of reservation was first implemented in New York (1885), what was
State Forest Commission
created?
Hot Springs, Arkansas, in 1832 What was the first federally reserved land for recreation?
It was initially given to California but later What was significant about the Yosemite land grant of 1864?
returned to federal management,
becoming part of the National Park Service
in 1890
Yellowstone National Park (1872) The first U.S. national park
What act authorized the U.S. president to set aside public lands with forests for
Forest Reserve Act of 1891
conservation.
Harrison and Cleveland Which presidents first set aside millions of acres after the Forest Reserve Act of 1891?
Department of the Interior Where were Forest Reserves originally "housed"
The first U.S. Chief Forester of the USFS and a major proponent of conservation.
Gifford Pinchot
Popularized the idea of conservation and wise use
Land prices Initially high; later was much lower
States and railroads Got a large portion of land
Land, regulations, incentives, controlled How do we protect & manage Renewable Natural Resources?
markets, intensive management
Prohibited interstate commerce in wildlife. Original purpose was to hinder market
Lacey Act (1900)
hunting. Today, the act prevents the spread of invasive species
1. The public trust The North American Model of Wildlife Conservation
2.Prohibitions on commerce
3.Democratic rule of law
4. Hunting opportunity for all
5. Non-frivolous use
6.International resources
7. Scientific management
- U.S. Forest Service - USDA Big players in the protection of land
- National Park Service - USDI
- U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service - USDI
- Bureau of Land Management - USDI
2/
7
