RNR 2039 COLLIER POLICY EXAM 2 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED LATEST UPDATE

RNR 2039 COLLIER POLICY EXAM 2 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED LATEST UPDATE Terms in this set (41) What is NEPA Declares a national policy which will encourage productive and enjoyable harmony between man and his environment to: (1) prevent/eliminate damage to the environment (2) stimulate the welfare and health of man (3) enrich the understanding of ecological systems and the importance of resources to the nation 6 sources of environmental law 1. Court Decisions 2. Legislation 3. International Treaties 4. Regulations 5. Common Law 6. Constitutions (CLIRCC) Who implements NEPA The Executive Office's Council on Environmental Quality (CEQ) Public Participation process by which people engage in the development and implementation of public policies and programs Progressive Era (Origins of Public Involvement and Participation) (social activism and political reform) 1. separation of politics and professional administration 2. civil servants given decision-making authority on behalf of the public 3. barriers between citizens and policy makers 4. limited citizen access to ballot box, demonstrations, protests FDR's New Deal 1. relief, recovery, reform 2. government growth: e.g. WPA (Works Progress Administration), CCC (Citizen Conservation Corps), TVA (Tennessee Valley Authority) 3. top-down, managerial decision-making access to decisions and management increased slowly 4. demands for standardized and legitimate access to policy Administrative Procedures Act of 1946 (APA) 1. Systematized and opened the federal rule-making process to the public 2. Required federal agencies to keep the public informed of their organization, procedures, and rules; provide opportunities for public comment; & permit judicial review of rulemaking process Freedom of Information Act of 1966 (FOIA) Any person has a right, enforceable in court, to obtain access to federal agency records, except to the extent that such records (or portions of them) are protected from public disclosure. Federal Advisory Committee Act of 1972 (FACA) 1. regulates federal government interaction with 'outsiders' 2. imposes procedural requirements on groups from which advice and counsel are sought and received 3. mandates structural and operational requirements, including openness, transparency, and balance among public and private interests Endangered Species Act of 1973 (ESA) 1. provide for conservation of endangered and threatened species and the ecosystems on which they depend 2. mandates species listings be based solely on scientific evidence and information 3. authorizes public participation through open meetings and records, availability of information, public comment, appeal and litigation Limits of Endangered Species Act of 1973 (ESA) ESA forbids federal agencies from authorizing, funding or carrying out actions which may "jeopardize the continued existence of" endangered or threatened species. It forbids any government agency, corporation, or citizen from taking (i.e. harming, harassing, or killing) endangered animals without a permit. Listing Triggers of ESA 1. Conserve listed species [do what we can] 2. Avoid jeopardization [allowance] 3. Avoid destruction of critical habitat [including community & vegetation] 4. Avoid take [including habitat, individuals, resources (food) & nests] Who may list animals onto the ESA US Fish & Wildlife Services (USFWS) or National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) Endangered vs Threatened any species which is in danger of extinction throughout all or any significant portion of its range Endangered vs Threatened likely to become an endangered species within the foreseeable future Federal Land Policy and Management Act of 1976 (FLPMA) (Natural Resource & Land Management Policy) 1. governs administration of Bureau Land Management(BLM) lands 2. emphasizes importance of scientific information, alongside public involvement, in planning, decision-making, and management