NR507 CARDIOVASCULAR DISORDERS EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED

NR507 CARDIOVASCULAR DISORDERS EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED Terms in this set (66) T or F: In Coronary Artery Disease (CAD), pumping ability of the heart can be impaired due to the deprivation of oxygen. CAD True _ is a modifiable risk factor; the other listed risk factors are non- modifiable. Obesity Coronary artery disease (CAD) is mainly the result of: CAD Longstanding artherosclerosis Considered the leading cause of death in the United States (U.S.) CAD Coronary artery disease (CAD) Atherosclerosis begins with damage to the: CAD Endothelium A thin membrane that lines the inside of the heart and blood vessels. CAD Endothelium Under normal functioning the endothelium: CAD 1.) Maintains balance between the vasoconstrictive and vasodilation actions 2.) Prevents platelets from aggregating and control of the production of fibrin. Inflammatory processes occur. Macrophages attach to the endothelium, setting up phagocytosis; plaque formation and vasoconstriction also occurs marking the beginning of atherosclerosis. The plaque lesions located in the vessels become enlarged which allows the plaque to progress within the enlarged vessel lumen. CAD When endothelium becomes damaged. Disrupts normal blood flow and causes thrombus formation which can be triggered by cardiac risk factors such as elevated LDL, cholesterol, smoking and diabetes. CAD Plaque lesions When atherosclerosis reaches a clinically significant level, the patient will begin to experience: CAD Angina Further progression of artherosclerosis disease will result in: CAD Acute coronary syndrome (Acute coronary syndrome is a term that describes a range of conditions related to sudden, reduced blood flow to the heart. These conditions include a heart attack and unstable angina) The pulmonary carry oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left side of the heart. Pulmonary carry deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs; Deoxygenated blood is transported from the right side of the heart to the lungs veins, arteries Cor Pulmonale is: Heart Failure Right ventricular failure secondary to pulmonary hypertension. The most common cause of right-sided heart failure is: Because blood backs up to the ________ ventricle due to resistance of blood flow into the _. Heart Failure Pulmonary hypertension Right Pulmonary Artery Which of the following conditions can decrease preload? Heart Failure Hemorrhage Preload is the amount of on the ventricles caused by the amount of volume. The more volume, the more ____________________ stretch, stretch Conditions that would cause less volume with a resulting decreased preload is hemorrhage, cardiac tamponade and dehydration. T or F? true Increased indicates more volume in the ventricles, thus increasing the amount of blood ejected. preload i _ causes constriction, thus immediately increasing the amount of pressure the ventricle has to pump against to move blood from the ventricle. Hypertension Hypertension has its most immediate effect on: Heart Failure Afterload In the healthy heart, the response to an increase in preload is for the stroke volume to: Heart Failure Increase The amount of blood that the heart pumps in 1 minute. (Also known as cardiac contractility) Heart Failure Cardiac Output (CO) CO Formula: Heart Failure CO=heart rate (HR) x stroke volume (SV). The volume of blood pumped out of the left ventricle during each systolic cardiac contraction. Heart Failure Stroke Volume (SV) NR507 CARDIOVASCULAR DISORDERS EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED Terms in this set (66) T or F: In Coronary Artery Disease (CAD), pumping ability of the heart can be impaired due to the deprivation of oxygen. CAD True _ is a modifiable risk factor; the other listed risk factors are non- modifiable. Obesity Coronary artery disease (CAD) is mainly the result of: CAD Longstanding artherosclerosis Considered the leading cause of death in the United States (U.S.) CAD Coronary artery disease (CAD) Atherosclerosis begins with damage to the: CAD Endothelium A thin membrane that lines the inside of the heart and blood vessels. CAD Endothelium Under normal functioning the endothelium: CAD 1.) Maintains balance between the vasoconstrictive and vasodilation actions 2.) Prevents platelets from aggregating and control of the production of fibrin. Inflammatory processes occur. Macrophages attach to the endothelium, setting up phagocytosis; plaque formation and vasoconstriction also occurs marking the beginning of atherosclerosis. The plaque lesions located in the vessels become enlarged which allows the plaque to progress within the enlarged vessel lumen. CAD When endothelium becomes damaged. Disrupts normal blood flow and causes thrombus formation which can be triggered by cardiac risk factors such as elevated LDL, cholesterol, smoking and diabetes. CAD Plaque lesions When atherosclerosis reaches a clinically significant level, the patient will begin to experience: CAD Angina Further progression of artherosclerosis disease will result in: CAD Acute coronary syndrome (Acute coronary syndrome is a term that describes a range of conditions related to sudden, reduced blood flow to the heart. These conditions include a heart attack and unstable angina) The pulmonary carry oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left side of the heart. Pulmonary carry deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs; Deoxygenated blood is transported from the right side of the heart to the lungs veins, arteries Cor Pulmonale is: Heart Failure Right ventricular failure secondary to pulmonary hypertension. The most common cause of right-sided heart failure is: Because blood backs up to the ________ ventricle due to resistance of blood flow into the _. Heart Failure Pulmonary hypertension Right Pulmonary Artery Which of the following conditions can decrease preload? Heart Failure Hemorrhage Preload is the amount of on the ventricles caused by the amount of volume. The more volume, the more ____________________ stretch, stretch Conditions that would cause less volume with a resulting decreased preload is hemorrhage, cardiac tamponade and dehydration. T or F? true Increased indicates more volume in the ventricles, thus increasing the amount of blood ejected. preload i _ causes constriction, thus immediately increasing the amount of pressure the ventricle has to pump against to move blood from the ventricle. Hypertension Hypertension has its most immediate effect on: Heart Failure Afterload In the healthy heart, the response to an increase in preload is for the stroke volume to: Heart Failure Increase The amount of blood that the heart pumps in 1 minute. (Also known as cardiac contractility) Heart Failure Cardiac Output (CO) CO Formula: Heart Failure CO=heart rate (HR) x stroke volume (SV). The volume of blood pumped out of the left ventricle during each systolic cardiac contraction. Heart Failure Stroke Volume (SV)