TEST BANK FOR h h
Mason Policy & Politics in Nursing and Health Care, 8th Edition
h h h h h h h h h h
Chapter 01: Introduction h h
MULTIPLE CHOICE h
1. Which of the following is an example of tertiary prevention?
h h h h h h h h h
a. Vaccination for rotavirus for children younger than the age of 1 year h h h h h h h h h h h
b. Surgical amputation of an extremity with osteosarcoma (bone cancer)
h h h h h h h h
c. Screening for gestational diabetes after 24 weeks of pregnancy h h h h h h h h
d. Sexual education program in elementary schools
h h h h h
e. Increasing taxes for buying cigarettes h h h h
h ANS: B h
Surgical amputation of an extremity with osteosarcoma (bone cancer) is an example in which
h h h h h h h h h h h h h
when a disease is present the treatment (amputation) is done to reduce the impact of disease by
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
preventing the tumor from dissemination. Vaccination for rotavirus for children younger than
h h h h h h h h h h h h
the age of 1 year, sexual education program in elementary schools, and increasing taxes for
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
buying cigarettes represent examples of primary prevention. Screening for gestational diabetes
h h h h h h h h h h h
after 24 weeks of pregnancy is an example of secondary prevention.
h h h h h h h h h h h
2. This historic character observed that childbed fever mortality was more common among
h h h h h h h h h h h
women treated by physicians and medical students compared with women treated by
h h h h h h h h h h h h
midwives. Based on his observations, he implemented a hand wash policy that resulted in a
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
decrease in mortality. Name the character that we are talking about.
h h h h h h h h h h h
a. John Snow h
b. Edward Jenner h
c. D.A. Henderson h
d. Leon Gordis h
e. Ignaz Semmelweis h
h ANS: E h
Ignaz Semmelweis identified that medical students and physicians transmitted the disease by
h h h h h h h h h h h
not washing their hands after examining bodies at autopsies and conducting multiple
h h h h h h h h h h h h
examinations in the clinic.
h h h h
3. Thanks to the contributions of Edward Jenner, the following disease was eradicated later
h h h h h h h h h h h h
by efforts organized by D.A. Henderson:
h h h h h h
a. Cholera
b. Smallpox
c. Chickenpox
d. Polio
e. Zika
,Test Bank h 1-2
ANS: B h
Smallpox was eradicated in 1980. Edward Jenner vaccinated James Phipps in 1796 against
h h h h h h h h h h h h
smallpox. Almost 200 years later, the World Health Organization (WHO) commissioned
h h h h h h h h h h h
D.A. Henderson to lead the efforts to eradicate the disease.
h h h h h h h h h
4. Over the past century, a marked decline in the mortality rates of many infectious diseases
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
has been observed. Which of the following is the most likely reason for the observed decline in
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
mortality rates from common infectious diseases?
h h h h h h
a. Development of penicillin h h
b. Development of insulin h h
c. Development of vaccines h h
d. Improvement in social conditions h h h
e. Worse sanitation and unsafe water h h h h
h ANS: D h
Although medical treatments potentially helped in the decrease of infectious diseases, the
h h h h h h h h h h h
advancement in social conditions played a major role. These improvements include better
h h h h h h h h h h h h
sanitation, safe disposal of waste, better nutrition, and improvement in housing conditions.
h h h h h h h h h h h h
Chapter 02: The Dynamics of Disease Transmission h h h h h h
Test Bank h
h MULTIPLE CHOICE h
1. Which term most accurately describes the following definition? “The occurrence in a
h h h h h h h h h h h
community or region of cases of an illness, specific health-related behavior, or other health-
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
related events clearly in excess of normal expectancy.” [Porta M, ed. A Dictionary of
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
Epidemiology. New York: Oxford University Press; 2014.]
h h h h h h h
a. Endemic
b. Epidemic
c. Pandemic
d. Attack rate h
e. Incubation period h
h ANS: B h
An epidemic is the occurrence of health-related events in a community or region, in clear
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
excess of normal expectation. Endemic is not true because it is defined as the constant
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
occurrence of a disease, disorder, or noxious infectious agent in a geographic area or
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
population group. Pandemic is not true because it is defined as an epidemic occurring over a
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
very wide area, crossing international boundaries, and usually affecting a large number of
h h h h h h h h h h h h h
Copyright © 2020 by Elsevier, Inc. All rights reserved. h h h h h h h h
,Test Bank h 1-3
people. Attack rate is not true because it is defined as number of people at risk in whom a
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
certain illness develops over total number of people at risk. Incubation period is not true
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
because it is the interval from receipt of infection to the time of onset of clinical illness (the
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
onset of recognizable symptoms).
h h h h
2. What is the most accurate definition of the incubation period (of an infectious disease)?
h h h h h h h h h h h h h
a. The time of onset of clinical illness or the onset of recognizable symptoms
h h h h h h h h h h h h
b. The interval from receipt of infection to the time of onset of clinical illness (the onset of
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
recognizable symptoms)
h h
c. The time of invasion by an infectious agent
h h h h h h h
d. The time between initiation of infection and first shedding or excretion of the agent
h h h h h h h h h h h h h
e. The period between exposure and the onset of infectiousness
h h h h h h h h
h ANS: B h
The incubation period is defined as the interval from receipt of infection to the time of onset of
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
clinical illness (the onset of recognizable symptoms); in other words, the time between the
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
moment of developing symptoms and the moment of invasion by an infectious agent. “The
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
time of onset of clinical illness or the onset of recognizable symptoms” is not true as it
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
corresponds to “time of onset.” “The time of invasion by an infectious agent” is not true as it
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
corresponds to “time of infection.” “The time between initiation of infection and first shedding
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
or excretion of the agent” and “The period between exposure and the onset of infectiousness”
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
are not true as they correspond to the latent period. (The latent period is focusing on the onset
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
of infectiousness, but the incubation period is focusing on the onset of the symptom.)
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
3. There was a food poisoning outbreak on April 1, 2018, at the City Z Food Safety Conference.
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
There were 1,000 people registered for the conference with luncheon, 100 volunteers to host
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
attendees, and 50 people who served the luncheon during the conference. Except for 50 people
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
who served the food, all of the participants and volunteers ate the food from the luncheon at the
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
conference on April 1, 2018. Based only on the information given in this question, how many
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
people are at risk in this food poisoning outbreak?
h h h h h h h h h
a. 1,000
b. 1,100
c. 1,150
d. 150
e. 50
ANS: B
h h
People at risk in this outbreak are people who were exposed to the food at the conference. Even
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
though 1,150 people were at the conference, 50 people who served the food did not eat the food.
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
Therefore we have to exclude those 50 people.
h h h h h h h h
4. There was a food poisoning outbreak on April 1, 2018, at the City Z Food Safety
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
Conference. There were 1,000 people registered for the conference with luncheon, 100
h h h h h h h h h h h h
volunteers to host attendees, and 50 people who served the luncheon during the conference.
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
Except for 50 people who served the food, all of the participants and volunteers ate the food
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
Copyright © 2020 by Elsevier, Inc. All rights reserved. h h h h h h h h
, Test Bank h 1-4
from the luncheon at the conference on April 1, 2018. After an initial outbreak of food
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
poisoning is reported, an epidemiologist sends surveys to all people at risk to investigate the
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
cause. However, only 900 people among those at risk answer the survey. After analysis of 900
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
survey results, the epidemiologist concludes that the most suspected foods in the outbreak are
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
pepperoni pizza and meatball spaghetti. What is the overall attack rate for those who ate
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
meatball spaghetti? Use the following table to answer the question.
h h h h h h h h h h
Summary of Survey Responses h h h
Number of people who h h h Number of people who ate the h h h h h
developed the case definition
h h h h food
h
symptoms
h
Pepperoni pizza only h h 113 275
Meatball spaghetti only h h 62 375
Both pepperoni pizza andh h h 57 150
meatball spaghetti
h h
Neither of pepperoni pizza or h h h h 10 100
meatball spaghetti
h h
a. 41%
b. 38%
c. 27%
d. 40%
e. 23%
ANS: E
h h
To calculate the food-specific attack rate, we need to define how many people are exposed to
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
the specific food and how many people develop the symptoms in the case definition. In this
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
question, we are asking about “overall” attack rate in those people who ate meatball spaghetti,
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
so we have to add “meatball spaghetti only” and “both pepperoni pizza and meatball
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
spaghetti” to get the overall rate. Which is 525 (375 plus 150), who are at risk of exposure, and
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
119 (62 plus 57), who developed the symptoms, corresponding to 23% of attack rate.
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
5. There was a food poisoning outbreak on April 1, 2018, at the City Z Food Safety
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
Conference. There were 1,000 people registered for the conference with luncheon, 100
h h h h h h h h h h h h
volunteers to host attendees, and 50 people who served the luncheon during the conference.
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
Except for 50 people who served the food, all of the participants and volunteers ate the food
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
from the luncheon at the conference on April 1, 2018. After an initial outbreak of food
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
poisoning is reported, an epidemiologist sends surveys to all people at risk to investigate the
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
cause. However, only 900 people among those at risk answer the survey. After analysis of
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
900 survey results, the epidemiologist concludes that the most suspected foods in the
h h h h h h h h h h h h h
outbreak are pepperoni pizza and meatball spaghetti. What is the most suspected food for
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
food poisoning after cross-tabulation? Use the following table to answer the question.
h h h h h h h h h h h h
Summary of Survey Responses
h h h h
Number of people who h h h Number of people who ate the h h h h h
Copyright © 2020 by Elsevier, Inc. All rights reserved. h h h h h h h h
Mason Policy & Politics in Nursing and Health Care, 8th Edition
h h h h h h h h h h
Chapter 01: Introduction h h
MULTIPLE CHOICE h
1. Which of the following is an example of tertiary prevention?
h h h h h h h h h
a. Vaccination for rotavirus for children younger than the age of 1 year h h h h h h h h h h h
b. Surgical amputation of an extremity with osteosarcoma (bone cancer)
h h h h h h h h
c. Screening for gestational diabetes after 24 weeks of pregnancy h h h h h h h h
d. Sexual education program in elementary schools
h h h h h
e. Increasing taxes for buying cigarettes h h h h
h ANS: B h
Surgical amputation of an extremity with osteosarcoma (bone cancer) is an example in which
h h h h h h h h h h h h h
when a disease is present the treatment (amputation) is done to reduce the impact of disease by
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
preventing the tumor from dissemination. Vaccination for rotavirus for children younger than
h h h h h h h h h h h h
the age of 1 year, sexual education program in elementary schools, and increasing taxes for
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
buying cigarettes represent examples of primary prevention. Screening for gestational diabetes
h h h h h h h h h h h
after 24 weeks of pregnancy is an example of secondary prevention.
h h h h h h h h h h h
2. This historic character observed that childbed fever mortality was more common among
h h h h h h h h h h h
women treated by physicians and medical students compared with women treated by
h h h h h h h h h h h h
midwives. Based on his observations, he implemented a hand wash policy that resulted in a
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
decrease in mortality. Name the character that we are talking about.
h h h h h h h h h h h
a. John Snow h
b. Edward Jenner h
c. D.A. Henderson h
d. Leon Gordis h
e. Ignaz Semmelweis h
h ANS: E h
Ignaz Semmelweis identified that medical students and physicians transmitted the disease by
h h h h h h h h h h h
not washing their hands after examining bodies at autopsies and conducting multiple
h h h h h h h h h h h h
examinations in the clinic.
h h h h
3. Thanks to the contributions of Edward Jenner, the following disease was eradicated later
h h h h h h h h h h h h
by efforts organized by D.A. Henderson:
h h h h h h
a. Cholera
b. Smallpox
c. Chickenpox
d. Polio
e. Zika
,Test Bank h 1-2
ANS: B h
Smallpox was eradicated in 1980. Edward Jenner vaccinated James Phipps in 1796 against
h h h h h h h h h h h h
smallpox. Almost 200 years later, the World Health Organization (WHO) commissioned
h h h h h h h h h h h
D.A. Henderson to lead the efforts to eradicate the disease.
h h h h h h h h h
4. Over the past century, a marked decline in the mortality rates of many infectious diseases
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
has been observed. Which of the following is the most likely reason for the observed decline in
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
mortality rates from common infectious diseases?
h h h h h h
a. Development of penicillin h h
b. Development of insulin h h
c. Development of vaccines h h
d. Improvement in social conditions h h h
e. Worse sanitation and unsafe water h h h h
h ANS: D h
Although medical treatments potentially helped in the decrease of infectious diseases, the
h h h h h h h h h h h
advancement in social conditions played a major role. These improvements include better
h h h h h h h h h h h h
sanitation, safe disposal of waste, better nutrition, and improvement in housing conditions.
h h h h h h h h h h h h
Chapter 02: The Dynamics of Disease Transmission h h h h h h
Test Bank h
h MULTIPLE CHOICE h
1. Which term most accurately describes the following definition? “The occurrence in a
h h h h h h h h h h h
community or region of cases of an illness, specific health-related behavior, or other health-
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
related events clearly in excess of normal expectancy.” [Porta M, ed. A Dictionary of
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
Epidemiology. New York: Oxford University Press; 2014.]
h h h h h h h
a. Endemic
b. Epidemic
c. Pandemic
d. Attack rate h
e. Incubation period h
h ANS: B h
An epidemic is the occurrence of health-related events in a community or region, in clear
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
excess of normal expectation. Endemic is not true because it is defined as the constant
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
occurrence of a disease, disorder, or noxious infectious agent in a geographic area or
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
population group. Pandemic is not true because it is defined as an epidemic occurring over a
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
very wide area, crossing international boundaries, and usually affecting a large number of
h h h h h h h h h h h h h
Copyright © 2020 by Elsevier, Inc. All rights reserved. h h h h h h h h
,Test Bank h 1-3
people. Attack rate is not true because it is defined as number of people at risk in whom a
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
certain illness develops over total number of people at risk. Incubation period is not true
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
because it is the interval from receipt of infection to the time of onset of clinical illness (the
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
onset of recognizable symptoms).
h h h h
2. What is the most accurate definition of the incubation period (of an infectious disease)?
h h h h h h h h h h h h h
a. The time of onset of clinical illness or the onset of recognizable symptoms
h h h h h h h h h h h h
b. The interval from receipt of infection to the time of onset of clinical illness (the onset of
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
recognizable symptoms)
h h
c. The time of invasion by an infectious agent
h h h h h h h
d. The time between initiation of infection and first shedding or excretion of the agent
h h h h h h h h h h h h h
e. The period between exposure and the onset of infectiousness
h h h h h h h h
h ANS: B h
The incubation period is defined as the interval from receipt of infection to the time of onset of
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
clinical illness (the onset of recognizable symptoms); in other words, the time between the
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
moment of developing symptoms and the moment of invasion by an infectious agent. “The
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
time of onset of clinical illness or the onset of recognizable symptoms” is not true as it
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
corresponds to “time of onset.” “The time of invasion by an infectious agent” is not true as it
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
corresponds to “time of infection.” “The time between initiation of infection and first shedding
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
or excretion of the agent” and “The period between exposure and the onset of infectiousness”
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
are not true as they correspond to the latent period. (The latent period is focusing on the onset
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
of infectiousness, but the incubation period is focusing on the onset of the symptom.)
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
3. There was a food poisoning outbreak on April 1, 2018, at the City Z Food Safety Conference.
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
There were 1,000 people registered for the conference with luncheon, 100 volunteers to host
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
attendees, and 50 people who served the luncheon during the conference. Except for 50 people
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
who served the food, all of the participants and volunteers ate the food from the luncheon at the
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
conference on April 1, 2018. Based only on the information given in this question, how many
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
people are at risk in this food poisoning outbreak?
h h h h h h h h h
a. 1,000
b. 1,100
c. 1,150
d. 150
e. 50
ANS: B
h h
People at risk in this outbreak are people who were exposed to the food at the conference. Even
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
though 1,150 people were at the conference, 50 people who served the food did not eat the food.
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
Therefore we have to exclude those 50 people.
h h h h h h h h
4. There was a food poisoning outbreak on April 1, 2018, at the City Z Food Safety
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
Conference. There were 1,000 people registered for the conference with luncheon, 100
h h h h h h h h h h h h
volunteers to host attendees, and 50 people who served the luncheon during the conference.
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
Except for 50 people who served the food, all of the participants and volunteers ate the food
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
Copyright © 2020 by Elsevier, Inc. All rights reserved. h h h h h h h h
, Test Bank h 1-4
from the luncheon at the conference on April 1, 2018. After an initial outbreak of food
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
poisoning is reported, an epidemiologist sends surveys to all people at risk to investigate the
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
cause. However, only 900 people among those at risk answer the survey. After analysis of 900
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
survey results, the epidemiologist concludes that the most suspected foods in the outbreak are
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
pepperoni pizza and meatball spaghetti. What is the overall attack rate for those who ate
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
meatball spaghetti? Use the following table to answer the question.
h h h h h h h h h h
Summary of Survey Responses h h h
Number of people who h h h Number of people who ate the h h h h h
developed the case definition
h h h h food
h
symptoms
h
Pepperoni pizza only h h 113 275
Meatball spaghetti only h h 62 375
Both pepperoni pizza andh h h 57 150
meatball spaghetti
h h
Neither of pepperoni pizza or h h h h 10 100
meatball spaghetti
h h
a. 41%
b. 38%
c. 27%
d. 40%
e. 23%
ANS: E
h h
To calculate the food-specific attack rate, we need to define how many people are exposed to
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
the specific food and how many people develop the symptoms in the case definition. In this
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
question, we are asking about “overall” attack rate in those people who ate meatball spaghetti,
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
so we have to add “meatball spaghetti only” and “both pepperoni pizza and meatball
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
spaghetti” to get the overall rate. Which is 525 (375 plus 150), who are at risk of exposure, and
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
119 (62 plus 57), who developed the symptoms, corresponding to 23% of attack rate.
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
5. There was a food poisoning outbreak on April 1, 2018, at the City Z Food Safety
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
Conference. There were 1,000 people registered for the conference with luncheon, 100
h h h h h h h h h h h h
volunteers to host attendees, and 50 people who served the luncheon during the conference.
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
Except for 50 people who served the food, all of the participants and volunteers ate the food
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
from the luncheon at the conference on April 1, 2018. After an initial outbreak of food
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
poisoning is reported, an epidemiologist sends surveys to all people at risk to investigate the
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
cause. However, only 900 people among those at risk answer the survey. After analysis of
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
900 survey results, the epidemiologist concludes that the most suspected foods in the
h h h h h h h h h h h h h
outbreak are pepperoni pizza and meatball spaghetti. What is the most suspected food for
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
food poisoning after cross-tabulation? Use the following table to answer the question.
h h h h h h h h h h h h
Summary of Survey Responses
h h h h
Number of people who h h h Number of people who ate the h h h h h
Copyright © 2020 by Elsevier, Inc. All rights reserved. h h h h h h h h
