BASI Pilates exam with questions
and answers graded A+
Lateral Flexion (joint movements) - ANSWERS>>>>>Side
bending of the trunk to the right or left. Lateral
movement of the head, neck, and trunk in the coronal
plane and around the sagital axis.
Inversion (joint movements) - ANSWERS>>>>>Lifting the
inside portion of the foot upward, Turning sole inward;
weight on outer edge of the foot
Eversion (joint movements) - ANSWERS>>>>>Lifting the
outside portion ot the foot outward, turning sole
outward; weight on inner edge of the foot
Retraction (scapular) (joint movements) -
ANSWERS>>>>>Bringing shoulder blades together toward
spine (also=adduction)
Protraction (scapular) (joint movements) -
ANSWERS>>>>>Bringing shoulder blades forward and away
from spine (also=abduction)
Elevation (scapular) (joint movements) -
ANSWERS>>>>>Lifting shoulder blades up toward ears
Depression (scapular) (joint movements) -
ANSWERS>>>>>Lowering shoulder blade toward waist
,Rectus abdominis (muscle that act on the pelvic complex)
- ANSWERS>>>>>Pubic bone, Ribs 5-7 and xiphoid process,
flexion at waist.
External obliques (muscle that act on the pelvic complex)
- ANSWERS>>>>>Major action: Trunk flexion, lateral
flexion, and rotation (opposite). Origin: Lateral Ribs.
Insertion: Linea Alba (The Centre Line of Rectus
Abdominis). Action: Flexion and Rotation to the Opposite
Side.
Internal obliques (muscle that act on the pelvic complex)
- ANSWERS>>>>>Major action: Trunk flexion, lateral
flexion, and rotation (same). The muscles located
underneath the external obliques, function as torso
flexors and rotators and maintain pressure on internal
organs
Transverse abdominus - ANSWERS>>>>>Major action: Pulls
abdominal wall inward. Is the innermost of the flat
muscles of the abdomen, being placed immediately beneath
the internal oblique muscle. It also is connected to the
diaphragm which helps with inhalation. The transversus
abdominis (TVA) helps to compress the ribs and viscera,
providing thoracic and pelvic stability.
Deep posterior (spine extensors) (muscle that act on the
pelvic complex) - ANSWERS>>>>>Major action: Spine
extension, hyperextension, rotation (opposite), lateral
flexion
Semi-spinalis (muscle that act on the pelvic complex) -
ANSWERS>>>>>Major action: Spine extension,
hyperextension, rotation (opposite), lateral flexion.
Deep muscle of the back.
, Erector spinae (muscle that act on the pelvic complex) -
ANSWERS>>>>>Major action: Extension and rotation (same).
A bundle of muscles and tendons. It is paired and runs
more or less vertically. It extends throughout the
lumbar, thoracic and cervical regions, and lies in the
groove to the side of the vertebral column.
Iliopsoas (muscle that act on the pelvic complex) -
ANSWERS>>>>>Major action: Hip flexion, lumbar lordosis.
Combination of 3 muscles: psoas major, psoas minor and
iliacus. Strongest of the hip flexors (rectus femoris,
sartorius, and tensor fasciae latae), iliopsoas is
important for standing, walking, and running. It is,
however, a typical posture muscle dominated by slow-
twitch red type 1 fibers, and is therefore susceptible to
pathological shortening or contracture (especially in
older people with a sedentary lifestyle) and requires
regular stretching to maintain normal tone. Such
shortening can lead to increased anterior pelvic tilt and
lumbar lordosis (unilateral shortening), and limitation
of hip extension (bilateral weakness).
Rectus femoris (muscle that act on the pelvic complex) -
ANSWERS>>>>>Major action: Hip flexion, knee extension.
One of the four quadriceps muscles of the human body.
(The others are the vastus medialis, the vastus
intermedius (deep to the rectus femoris), and the vastus
lateralis. All four combine to form the quadriceps
tendon, which inserts into the patella and continues as
the patellar ligament.) Situated in the middle of the
front of the thigh; it is fusiform in shape, and its
superficial fibers are arranged in a bipenniform manner,
the deep fibers running straight down to the deep
aponeurosis.
and answers graded A+
Lateral Flexion (joint movements) - ANSWERS>>>>>Side
bending of the trunk to the right or left. Lateral
movement of the head, neck, and trunk in the coronal
plane and around the sagital axis.
Inversion (joint movements) - ANSWERS>>>>>Lifting the
inside portion of the foot upward, Turning sole inward;
weight on outer edge of the foot
Eversion (joint movements) - ANSWERS>>>>>Lifting the
outside portion ot the foot outward, turning sole
outward; weight on inner edge of the foot
Retraction (scapular) (joint movements) -
ANSWERS>>>>>Bringing shoulder blades together toward
spine (also=adduction)
Protraction (scapular) (joint movements) -
ANSWERS>>>>>Bringing shoulder blades forward and away
from spine (also=abduction)
Elevation (scapular) (joint movements) -
ANSWERS>>>>>Lifting shoulder blades up toward ears
Depression (scapular) (joint movements) -
ANSWERS>>>>>Lowering shoulder blade toward waist
,Rectus abdominis (muscle that act on the pelvic complex)
- ANSWERS>>>>>Pubic bone, Ribs 5-7 and xiphoid process,
flexion at waist.
External obliques (muscle that act on the pelvic complex)
- ANSWERS>>>>>Major action: Trunk flexion, lateral
flexion, and rotation (opposite). Origin: Lateral Ribs.
Insertion: Linea Alba (The Centre Line of Rectus
Abdominis). Action: Flexion and Rotation to the Opposite
Side.
Internal obliques (muscle that act on the pelvic complex)
- ANSWERS>>>>>Major action: Trunk flexion, lateral
flexion, and rotation (same). The muscles located
underneath the external obliques, function as torso
flexors and rotators and maintain pressure on internal
organs
Transverse abdominus - ANSWERS>>>>>Major action: Pulls
abdominal wall inward. Is the innermost of the flat
muscles of the abdomen, being placed immediately beneath
the internal oblique muscle. It also is connected to the
diaphragm which helps with inhalation. The transversus
abdominis (TVA) helps to compress the ribs and viscera,
providing thoracic and pelvic stability.
Deep posterior (spine extensors) (muscle that act on the
pelvic complex) - ANSWERS>>>>>Major action: Spine
extension, hyperextension, rotation (opposite), lateral
flexion
Semi-spinalis (muscle that act on the pelvic complex) -
ANSWERS>>>>>Major action: Spine extension,
hyperextension, rotation (opposite), lateral flexion.
Deep muscle of the back.
, Erector spinae (muscle that act on the pelvic complex) -
ANSWERS>>>>>Major action: Extension and rotation (same).
A bundle of muscles and tendons. It is paired and runs
more or less vertically. It extends throughout the
lumbar, thoracic and cervical regions, and lies in the
groove to the side of the vertebral column.
Iliopsoas (muscle that act on the pelvic complex) -
ANSWERS>>>>>Major action: Hip flexion, lumbar lordosis.
Combination of 3 muscles: psoas major, psoas minor and
iliacus. Strongest of the hip flexors (rectus femoris,
sartorius, and tensor fasciae latae), iliopsoas is
important for standing, walking, and running. It is,
however, a typical posture muscle dominated by slow-
twitch red type 1 fibers, and is therefore susceptible to
pathological shortening or contracture (especially in
older people with a sedentary lifestyle) and requires
regular stretching to maintain normal tone. Such
shortening can lead to increased anterior pelvic tilt and
lumbar lordosis (unilateral shortening), and limitation
of hip extension (bilateral weakness).
Rectus femoris (muscle that act on the pelvic complex) -
ANSWERS>>>>>Major action: Hip flexion, knee extension.
One of the four quadriceps muscles of the human body.
(The others are the vastus medialis, the vastus
intermedius (deep to the rectus femoris), and the vastus
lateralis. All four combine to form the quadriceps
tendon, which inserts into the patella and continues as
the patellar ligament.) Situated in the middle of the
front of the thigh; it is fusiform in shape, and its
superficial fibers are arranged in a bipenniform manner,
the deep fibers running straight down to the deep
aponeurosis.
