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PLTW - MEDICAL INTERVENTIONS FINAL EXAM
STUDY GUIDE 2025| BRAND NEW ACTUAL EXAM
WITH 100% VERIFIED QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
SOLUTIONS| GUARANTEED VALUE PACK| ACE YOUR
GRADES.
What is a medical intervention? - (answer)Any measure whose purpose is to
improve health or alter the course of a disease
What are the main categories of interventions that function to maintain human
health? - (answer)Treatments, Diagnostics and Equipment
How do scientists gather evidence during the potential outbreak of an infectious
disease? - (answer)1. Record patient's symptoms and find similarities with other
patients
2. Isolate the bacteria in a lab
3. Go to affected areas and determine the origin of the disease
4. Identify the disease using DNA sequencing since pathogens alter certain DNA
sequences
What is bioinformatics? - (answer)The collection, classification, storage, and
analysis of biochemical and biological information using computers. (Especially
applied in molecular genetics and genomics)
How can DNA sequences be used to identify disease pathogens? - (answer)You
can observe mutations and abnormalities that disease pathogens have
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What is an antibody? - (answer)A blood protein in the body produced by B-cells
(B-Lymphocytes) that fight against a foreign substance by recognizing a specific
part of it.
How do antibodies identify and inactivate antigens? - (answer)1. Shape
recognition
2. Proteins of the antigens are configured to specific antibodies, so the foreign
antigens bind to the specific antibodies that inactivate them
How can the ELISA assay be used to detect disease? - (answer)1. Primary
antibodies attach to specific antigen
2. Secondary antibody attaches to primary antibody
3. When enzyme substrate is added, color change occurs
Why is it important for doctors to know the concentration of the disease antigen
present in a patient's system? - (answer)Higher concentration = closer to patient
zero
Patient Zero - (answer)The first person to be infected with a particular disease
What steps do scientists take to diagnose, treat, and prevent future spread of a
disease outbreak? - (answer)1. Record the symptoms
2. Locate the origin of the pathogen
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3. Run tests to determine antibodies and antigens
4. Take preventative measures (quarantine, wash hands often, etc.)
How were the following used in managing the outbreak on Sue Smith's campus:
PCR, Bioinformatics/BLAST, and ELISA? - (answer)These tests determine the
concentration of the disease, which lead to the source of the outbreak
Which part of the bacterial cell allows the bacteria to attach to specific surfaces? -
(answer)Adhesins, or cell-surface components/appendages of the bacteria that
facilitate attachment to other cells or surfaces
Which bacterial structure is involved with protein synthesis? - (answer)rRNA,
tRNA, and mRNA (Ribosomal, Transfer, Messenger)
What is an endotoxin? - (answer)A toxin that is inherently present inside a
bacterial cell
What is the structural difference between Gram positive and Gram negative
bacteria? - (answer)Gram positive:
•Purple
•Thick cell wall
Gram negative:
•Pink
•Thin cell wall
PLTW - MEDICAL INTERVENTIONS FINAL EXAM
STUDY GUIDE 2025| BRAND NEW ACTUAL EXAM
WITH 100% VERIFIED QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
SOLUTIONS| GUARANTEED VALUE PACK| ACE YOUR
GRADES.
What is a medical intervention? - (answer)Any measure whose purpose is to
improve health or alter the course of a disease
What are the main categories of interventions that function to maintain human
health? - (answer)Treatments, Diagnostics and Equipment
How do scientists gather evidence during the potential outbreak of an infectious
disease? - (answer)1. Record patient's symptoms and find similarities with other
patients
2. Isolate the bacteria in a lab
3. Go to affected areas and determine the origin of the disease
4. Identify the disease using DNA sequencing since pathogens alter certain DNA
sequences
What is bioinformatics? - (answer)The collection, classification, storage, and
analysis of biochemical and biological information using computers. (Especially
applied in molecular genetics and genomics)
How can DNA sequences be used to identify disease pathogens? - (answer)You
can observe mutations and abnormalities that disease pathogens have
,2|Page
What is an antibody? - (answer)A blood protein in the body produced by B-cells
(B-Lymphocytes) that fight against a foreign substance by recognizing a specific
part of it.
How do antibodies identify and inactivate antigens? - (answer)1. Shape
recognition
2. Proteins of the antigens are configured to specific antibodies, so the foreign
antigens bind to the specific antibodies that inactivate them
How can the ELISA assay be used to detect disease? - (answer)1. Primary
antibodies attach to specific antigen
2. Secondary antibody attaches to primary antibody
3. When enzyme substrate is added, color change occurs
Why is it important for doctors to know the concentration of the disease antigen
present in a patient's system? - (answer)Higher concentration = closer to patient
zero
Patient Zero - (answer)The first person to be infected with a particular disease
What steps do scientists take to diagnose, treat, and prevent future spread of a
disease outbreak? - (answer)1. Record the symptoms
2. Locate the origin of the pathogen
, 3|Page
3. Run tests to determine antibodies and antigens
4. Take preventative measures (quarantine, wash hands often, etc.)
How were the following used in managing the outbreak on Sue Smith's campus:
PCR, Bioinformatics/BLAST, and ELISA? - (answer)These tests determine the
concentration of the disease, which lead to the source of the outbreak
Which part of the bacterial cell allows the bacteria to attach to specific surfaces? -
(answer)Adhesins, or cell-surface components/appendages of the bacteria that
facilitate attachment to other cells or surfaces
Which bacterial structure is involved with protein synthesis? - (answer)rRNA,
tRNA, and mRNA (Ribosomal, Transfer, Messenger)
What is an endotoxin? - (answer)A toxin that is inherently present inside a
bacterial cell
What is the structural difference between Gram positive and Gram negative
bacteria? - (answer)Gram positive:
•Purple
•Thick cell wall
Gram negative:
•Pink
•Thin cell wall
