Whatgareg2gbroadgareasgintogwhichgstatisticalgmethodsgfall?g-gANSWER
descriptive
statistics
g
inferentialgstatistics
whatgisgthegpurposegofgdescriptivegstatistics?g-gANSWER
describe,gorganize,gor
summarizegdata:
g
refergonlygtogthegactualgdatagavailable
whatgisgangexamplegofgdescriptivegstatistics?g-gANSWER
meangbloodgpressuregofga
group
g
successgrategofgagsurgicalgprocedure
whatgisgthegpurposegofginferentialgstatistics?g-gANSWER
makingginferencesgthat
gogbayondgthegactualgdata:
g
usuallyginvolveginductivegreasoning
whatgisgangexamplegofginferentialgstatistics?g-gANSWER -
gmeangbloodgpressuregofgallgAmericans
-
gexpectedgsuccessgrategofgagsurgicalgpoceduregingpatientsgwhoghavegnotgyetgunderg
onegthegoperation
whatgisgagpopulation?g-gANSWER
theguniversegaboutgwhichganginvestigatorgwishe
sgtogdrawgconclusions
doesgagpopulationgneedgtogconsistgofgpeople?g-gANSWER no
whatgisgagsampleg-gANSWER subsetgofgthegpopulation-
gthegpartgthatgisgbeinggobservedgorgstudied
whatgisgangelement?g-gANSWER agsinglegobservation,gdenotedgbygX
thegnumbergofgelementsgingagpopulationgisgdenotedgbygwhat?g-gANSWER
, Ngthegnumbergofgelementsginga
samplegisgdenotedgbygwhat?g-gANSWER
g
ngwhatgdoesgagpopulationgcons
istgof?g-gANSWER
allgelementsgfromgX1gtogXNgwh
atgdoesgagsamplegconsistgof?g-gANSWER ngofgNgelements
,mostgsamplesgusedgingbiomedicalgresearchgaregwhat?g-gANSWER
probability
samples
g
whatgaregprobabilitygsamples?g-gANSWER
samplesgingwhichgthegresearchergca
ngspecifygthegprobabilitygofganygonegelementgingthegpopulationgbeinggincluded
probabilitygsamplesgpermitgthegusegofgwhatgtypegofgstatistics?g-
gANSWERginferentialgstatistics
nonprobabilitygsamplesgallowgwhatgtypegofgstatisticsgtogbegused?g-
gANSWERgdescriptivegstatisticsgonly
whatgaregthegfourgbasicgkindsgofgprobabilitygsamples?g-gANSWER
1.gsimple
grandomgsamples
2. stratifiedgrandomgsamples
3. clustergsamples
4. systematicgsamples
whatgisgthegsimplestgkindgofgprobabilitygsample?g-gANSWER
simplegrandom
sample
g
howgisgagsimplegrandomgsamplegdrawn?g-gANSWER
ingsuchgagwaygthatgever
ygelementgingthegpopulationghasgangequalgprobabilitygofgbeinggincluded
agrandomgsamplegisgdefinedgbygwhat?g-gANSWER
thegmethodgofgdrawinggthe
sample,gnotgbygthegoutcome
g
whengisgagsamplegrepresentative?g-gANSWER
ifgitgcloselygresemblesgthe
populationgfromgwhichgitgisgdrawn
g
whengdoesgagsamplegorgresultgdemonstrategbias?g-gANSWER
ifgitgconsistentlygerrs
ingagparticulargdirection
g
aregbiasedgsamplesgrepresentative?g-gANSWER
no,gtheygaregunrepresentative.
truegrandomizationgisgproofgagainstgbias
g
, whatghappensgingagstratifiedgrandomgsample?g-gANSWER
thegpopulationgisgfirst
gdividedgintogrelativelyginternallyghomogenousggroups,gorgstrata,gfrom gwhichgra
ndomgsamplesgaregthengdrawn.
whengaregclustergsamplesgused?g-gANSWER
whengitgisgtoogexpensivegorglaboriou
sgtogdrawgagsimplegrandomgsamplegorgstratifiedgrandomgsample