Test Bank for School Law and
the Public Schools
Wisconsin v. Yoder (1972) - ANSWERSCompelling Amish students to attend school
past the eighth grade violates the free exercise clause
Engel v. Vitale - ANSWERSThe 1962 Supreme Court decision holding that state
officials violated the First Amendment when they wrote a prayer to be recited by New
York's schoolchildren.
Abingdon Township v. Schempp (1963) - ANSWERSReading of Bible in classes only
for literary purposes, cannot force students to read for religious reasons.
Lemon v. Kurtzman (1971) - ANSWERSAllowed states to provide textbooks and busing
to students attending private religious schools.
Established 3-part test to determine if establishment clause is violated: nonsecular
purpose, advances/inhibits religion, excessive entanglement with government.
Wallace v. Jaffree (1985) - ANSWERSThe Court overturned a state law setting aside
time for "voluntary prayer" in public schools.
Lee v. Weisman (1992) - ANSWERSPrayer at graduation: schools may not sponsor
clerics to conduct even non-denominational prayer
Santa Fe v Doe (2000) (6-3) - ANSWERSRuled that student-led, student-initiated prayer
at football games violates the establishment clause
Tinker v. Des Moines ISD - ANSWERSbackground: students protested the Vietnam war
and were suspended. their parents sued under the First Amendment.
decision: the suspensions are illegal. in order to repress the speech, the school would
have to show that it substantially interfered with school operation. however, students are
not guaranteed full first amendment rights.
Bethel School District No. 403 v. Fraser - ANSWERSa school has the right to control
lewd and offensive speech that undermines the educational mission
Hazelwood School District v. Kuhlmeier 1988 - ANSWERSThe Court ruled in favor of
school district censorship of student newspapers as long as censorship is related to
legitimate concerns.
, Morse v. Frederick (2007) - ANSWERSKnown as the "Bong Hits 4 Jesus" Limited
students' free speech rights. Ruled that Frederick's free speech rights were not violated
by his suspension over what the majority's written opinion called a "sophomoric" banner
Goss v. Lopez (1975) - ANSWERSthe Supreme Court held that education is a property
right protected by the 14th Amendment. Thus, schools may not:
1.Suspend or expel children without some sort of fair, impartial due process procedures
2. Schools may not label children (mentally retarded or emotionally disturbed - change
of placement or label) without due process
G.G. v. Gloucester County Board of Education (2016) - ANSWERStransgender
restrooms; The judgment is vacated, and the case is remanded to the United States
Court of Appeals for the 4th Circuit for further consideration in light of the guidance
document issued by the Department of Education and Department of Justice on
February 22, 2017, on March 6, 2017. Trump revoked executive order that allowed
transgender students to use the restroom of their choice.
Mills v BOE District of Columbia - ANSWERSestablished FAPE: all children are entitled
to free public education and training appropriate to their learning capacities"
BOE, Hendrick Hudson Central S v. Rowley 1982 - ANSWERSIn a 6-3 decision
authored by Justice Rehnquist, the Court held that public schools are not required by
law to provide sign language interpreters to deaf students who are otherwise receiving
an equal and adequate education.; "some educational benefit" ; de minimus standard
Schaffer v. Weast (2005) - ANSWERSIn a 6 to 2 ruling, the Supreme Court held that the
party bringing the suit bears the burden of proof, whether that party is the parents or the
school system.
Timothy W. v. Rochester, NH School District - ANSWERScase in which the U.S. First
Circuit Court of Appeals on May 24, 1989, ruled that, under the Education for All
Handicapped Children Act (EAHCA; now the Individuals with Disabilities Act [IDEA]),
school boards were required to provide special-education services to any disabled
student regardless of the severity of his or her disabilities; student with multiple
disabilities was deemed unable to benefit from education by the school.
Endrew v. Dougass Cnty Sch. Dist. - ANSWERSIn order to provide children with
disabilities the free appropriate public education guaranteed by under the Individuals
with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA), school districts must offer children an
Individualized Education Plan (IEP) that is reasonably calculated to enable each child to
make progress appropriate for that child's circumstances. (more than de minimus)
Declaration of Independence - ANSWERSWe hold these truths to be self-evident, that
all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain
unalienable rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness
the Public Schools
Wisconsin v. Yoder (1972) - ANSWERSCompelling Amish students to attend school
past the eighth grade violates the free exercise clause
Engel v. Vitale - ANSWERSThe 1962 Supreme Court decision holding that state
officials violated the First Amendment when they wrote a prayer to be recited by New
York's schoolchildren.
Abingdon Township v. Schempp (1963) - ANSWERSReading of Bible in classes only
for literary purposes, cannot force students to read for religious reasons.
Lemon v. Kurtzman (1971) - ANSWERSAllowed states to provide textbooks and busing
to students attending private religious schools.
Established 3-part test to determine if establishment clause is violated: nonsecular
purpose, advances/inhibits religion, excessive entanglement with government.
Wallace v. Jaffree (1985) - ANSWERSThe Court overturned a state law setting aside
time for "voluntary prayer" in public schools.
Lee v. Weisman (1992) - ANSWERSPrayer at graduation: schools may not sponsor
clerics to conduct even non-denominational prayer
Santa Fe v Doe (2000) (6-3) - ANSWERSRuled that student-led, student-initiated prayer
at football games violates the establishment clause
Tinker v. Des Moines ISD - ANSWERSbackground: students protested the Vietnam war
and were suspended. their parents sued under the First Amendment.
decision: the suspensions are illegal. in order to repress the speech, the school would
have to show that it substantially interfered with school operation. however, students are
not guaranteed full first amendment rights.
Bethel School District No. 403 v. Fraser - ANSWERSa school has the right to control
lewd and offensive speech that undermines the educational mission
Hazelwood School District v. Kuhlmeier 1988 - ANSWERSThe Court ruled in favor of
school district censorship of student newspapers as long as censorship is related to
legitimate concerns.
, Morse v. Frederick (2007) - ANSWERSKnown as the "Bong Hits 4 Jesus" Limited
students' free speech rights. Ruled that Frederick's free speech rights were not violated
by his suspension over what the majority's written opinion called a "sophomoric" banner
Goss v. Lopez (1975) - ANSWERSthe Supreme Court held that education is a property
right protected by the 14th Amendment. Thus, schools may not:
1.Suspend or expel children without some sort of fair, impartial due process procedures
2. Schools may not label children (mentally retarded or emotionally disturbed - change
of placement or label) without due process
G.G. v. Gloucester County Board of Education (2016) - ANSWERStransgender
restrooms; The judgment is vacated, and the case is remanded to the United States
Court of Appeals for the 4th Circuit for further consideration in light of the guidance
document issued by the Department of Education and Department of Justice on
February 22, 2017, on March 6, 2017. Trump revoked executive order that allowed
transgender students to use the restroom of their choice.
Mills v BOE District of Columbia - ANSWERSestablished FAPE: all children are entitled
to free public education and training appropriate to their learning capacities"
BOE, Hendrick Hudson Central S v. Rowley 1982 - ANSWERSIn a 6-3 decision
authored by Justice Rehnquist, the Court held that public schools are not required by
law to provide sign language interpreters to deaf students who are otherwise receiving
an equal and adequate education.; "some educational benefit" ; de minimus standard
Schaffer v. Weast (2005) - ANSWERSIn a 6 to 2 ruling, the Supreme Court held that the
party bringing the suit bears the burden of proof, whether that party is the parents or the
school system.
Timothy W. v. Rochester, NH School District - ANSWERScase in which the U.S. First
Circuit Court of Appeals on May 24, 1989, ruled that, under the Education for All
Handicapped Children Act (EAHCA; now the Individuals with Disabilities Act [IDEA]),
school boards were required to provide special-education services to any disabled
student regardless of the severity of his or her disabilities; student with multiple
disabilities was deemed unable to benefit from education by the school.
Endrew v. Dougass Cnty Sch. Dist. - ANSWERSIn order to provide children with
disabilities the free appropriate public education guaranteed by under the Individuals
with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA), school districts must offer children an
Individualized Education Plan (IEP) that is reasonably calculated to enable each child to
make progress appropriate for that child's circumstances. (more than de minimus)
Declaration of Independence - ANSWERSWe hold these truths to be self-evident, that
all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain
unalienable rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness
