Theories of leadership & management 2024-2025
Table of Content:
Week 1 – Mechanisms of Leadership
- Article 1.1 – Brown, Trevino & Harrison (2005)
- Article 1.2 – Hogg (2001)
- Article 1.3 – Settoon, Bennet & Liden (1996)
Week 2 – Individual motivation
- Article 2.1 – Kanfer, Friese & Johnsen (2017)
- Article 2.2 – Locke & Latham (2002)
- Article 2.3 – Gagné (2022)
- Article 2.4 – Parker, Bindl & Strauss (2010)
- Article 2.5 – Farrington (2012)
WEEK 3 – Human capital management (HCM)
- Article 3.1 – Barney & Wright (1998)
- Article 3.2 – Ployhart et al.(2014)
- Article 3.3 – Buller & McEvoy (2012)
- Article 3.4 – Su et al. (2018)
WEEK 4 – Culture and values
- Article 5.1 – Shein (1990)
- Article 5.2 – Kotrba et al. (2012)
- Article 5.3 – Chatman & Cha (2003)
- Article 5.4 – Edwards & Cable (2009)
WEEK 5 – Team management
- Article 4.1 – Kozlowski & Ilgen (2006)
- Article 4.2 – Greenbaum et al (2020)
- Article 4.3 – West (2002)
Week 1- Mechanisms of leadership
,To explain what is going on in peoples’ mind experiments to understand
the black box, what is in the black box? What is the mechanism between
the leader & followers?
A) The Cognitive Revolution
What makes someone a good leader? “Leader-focused research often
directly links leader behaviors to organizational outcomes (Input
Output). Often related to followers), assuming a relationship of some sort
between leader’s and followers’ behaviors. However, such an approach
often fails to answer how, and why certain behaviors work.” You should
look at the black box (Input Black box Output).
Input Black Box (mechanism) Output
Theoretical mechanisms = there is something between the leader and
the follower that determines the outcome of the relationship. There are 2
types of mechanisms:
- Moderator = variable changing the strength of a relationship
between Independent Variable (IV) & Dependent Variable (DV)
- Mediator = explanatory variable, explaining the relationship
between IV & DV.
B) Some common theoretical mechanisms
Let’s look at different theoretical mechanisms that have been identified in
leadership research to clarify what is meant by theoretical mechanism.
Social Learning Theory – Mediating Mechanism
Social learning theory = we learn by observing and imitating other
people’s behaviour. People can learn new information and behaviours by
watching other people observational learning, learning from a role
model (leader).
,Two types of observational learning:
Inhibition = Withhold a response. You see someone else do
something but you see a negative consequence so you avoid doing
the same thing.
Disinhibition = Engage In response. You observe somebody else
engaging in behaviour that goes well for them and has positive
consequences, so your inhibited behaviour becomes disinhibited.
Necessary conditions for social learning to occur (ARRM):
Attention = notice nice behaviour of others
Retention = remember behaviour
Reproduction = ability to perform behaviour
Motivation = motivation to perform behaviour. E.g. consider
rewards and punishments.
Example of social learning = Children with doll. Normally, children treat
their doll like their child. After making them watch a video where they see
adults fighting with their doll, we observe that the children will reproduce
the fight observational learning.
Social learning is a powerful mechanism for cultural transmission
over imitation, humans focus on copying what they observe. Cultural
transmission due to observation.
View on leadership: A good and ethical leader needs to show the
example by having a good/ethical behaviour as others will observe and
reproduce what the leader does.
The social learning is the mediating mechanism. (The variable
explaining the relationship bewteen leader & followers, which will
determine the outcomes).
, Discussion from study 7 in article:
- Social learning is the key theoretical perspective in defining ethical
leadership. Social learning theory suggests that ethical leadership
should influence employees’ ethical conduct at work.
- Employees whose supervisor is perceived to be an ethical leader are
more willing to engage in proactive helpful behavior such as
reporting problems to management.
Social Identity Theory - Moderating Mechanism
Social identity refers to a person’s sense of who they are based on their
group membership(s). The group (e.g., social class, family, football team,
etc.) that people belong to are an important source of pride and self-
esteem. Groups give us a sense of social identity: a sense of belonging to
the social world. Experience: 2 groups are created based of tossing a coin
= social identity is observed = Minimal Group Paradigm
Why do we want to be part of a group? Need for self-esteem, inclusion
etc.
Social identity theory proposes that group formation goes through three
stages:
1. Self-categorization: Categorizing yourself as part of a group >
Ingroup (yours) vs. outgroup (others).
2. Social identification: Adopting the identity of the group > Culture,
norms, values
3. Social comparison: Comparing the group (favorably) to other groups
> Positive distinctiveness (when you think your group is the best) &
in-group favoritism (favor people in your group).
When social identity is salient, people begin to act as representatives of a
group rather than just as individuals. Social identity is a motive... Your
social identity doesn’t just describe you. It predicts how you will behave.
Table of Content:
Week 1 – Mechanisms of Leadership
- Article 1.1 – Brown, Trevino & Harrison (2005)
- Article 1.2 – Hogg (2001)
- Article 1.3 – Settoon, Bennet & Liden (1996)
Week 2 – Individual motivation
- Article 2.1 – Kanfer, Friese & Johnsen (2017)
- Article 2.2 – Locke & Latham (2002)
- Article 2.3 – Gagné (2022)
- Article 2.4 – Parker, Bindl & Strauss (2010)
- Article 2.5 – Farrington (2012)
WEEK 3 – Human capital management (HCM)
- Article 3.1 – Barney & Wright (1998)
- Article 3.2 – Ployhart et al.(2014)
- Article 3.3 – Buller & McEvoy (2012)
- Article 3.4 – Su et al. (2018)
WEEK 4 – Culture and values
- Article 5.1 – Shein (1990)
- Article 5.2 – Kotrba et al. (2012)
- Article 5.3 – Chatman & Cha (2003)
- Article 5.4 – Edwards & Cable (2009)
WEEK 5 – Team management
- Article 4.1 – Kozlowski & Ilgen (2006)
- Article 4.2 – Greenbaum et al (2020)
- Article 4.3 – West (2002)
Week 1- Mechanisms of leadership
,To explain what is going on in peoples’ mind experiments to understand
the black box, what is in the black box? What is the mechanism between
the leader & followers?
A) The Cognitive Revolution
What makes someone a good leader? “Leader-focused research often
directly links leader behaviors to organizational outcomes (Input
Output). Often related to followers), assuming a relationship of some sort
between leader’s and followers’ behaviors. However, such an approach
often fails to answer how, and why certain behaviors work.” You should
look at the black box (Input Black box Output).
Input Black Box (mechanism) Output
Theoretical mechanisms = there is something between the leader and
the follower that determines the outcome of the relationship. There are 2
types of mechanisms:
- Moderator = variable changing the strength of a relationship
between Independent Variable (IV) & Dependent Variable (DV)
- Mediator = explanatory variable, explaining the relationship
between IV & DV.
B) Some common theoretical mechanisms
Let’s look at different theoretical mechanisms that have been identified in
leadership research to clarify what is meant by theoretical mechanism.
Social Learning Theory – Mediating Mechanism
Social learning theory = we learn by observing and imitating other
people’s behaviour. People can learn new information and behaviours by
watching other people observational learning, learning from a role
model (leader).
,Two types of observational learning:
Inhibition = Withhold a response. You see someone else do
something but you see a negative consequence so you avoid doing
the same thing.
Disinhibition = Engage In response. You observe somebody else
engaging in behaviour that goes well for them and has positive
consequences, so your inhibited behaviour becomes disinhibited.
Necessary conditions for social learning to occur (ARRM):
Attention = notice nice behaviour of others
Retention = remember behaviour
Reproduction = ability to perform behaviour
Motivation = motivation to perform behaviour. E.g. consider
rewards and punishments.
Example of social learning = Children with doll. Normally, children treat
their doll like their child. After making them watch a video where they see
adults fighting with their doll, we observe that the children will reproduce
the fight observational learning.
Social learning is a powerful mechanism for cultural transmission
over imitation, humans focus on copying what they observe. Cultural
transmission due to observation.
View on leadership: A good and ethical leader needs to show the
example by having a good/ethical behaviour as others will observe and
reproduce what the leader does.
The social learning is the mediating mechanism. (The variable
explaining the relationship bewteen leader & followers, which will
determine the outcomes).
, Discussion from study 7 in article:
- Social learning is the key theoretical perspective in defining ethical
leadership. Social learning theory suggests that ethical leadership
should influence employees’ ethical conduct at work.
- Employees whose supervisor is perceived to be an ethical leader are
more willing to engage in proactive helpful behavior such as
reporting problems to management.
Social Identity Theory - Moderating Mechanism
Social identity refers to a person’s sense of who they are based on their
group membership(s). The group (e.g., social class, family, football team,
etc.) that people belong to are an important source of pride and self-
esteem. Groups give us a sense of social identity: a sense of belonging to
the social world. Experience: 2 groups are created based of tossing a coin
= social identity is observed = Minimal Group Paradigm
Why do we want to be part of a group? Need for self-esteem, inclusion
etc.
Social identity theory proposes that group formation goes through three
stages:
1. Self-categorization: Categorizing yourself as part of a group >
Ingroup (yours) vs. outgroup (others).
2. Social identification: Adopting the identity of the group > Culture,
norms, values
3. Social comparison: Comparing the group (favorably) to other groups
> Positive distinctiveness (when you think your group is the best) &
in-group favoritism (favor people in your group).
When social identity is salient, people begin to act as representatives of a
group rather than just as individuals. Social identity is a motive... Your
social identity doesn’t just describe you. It predicts how you will behave.
