3/25/25, 7:37 PNR201 Med Surg 1 Exam 4 Hematology and Cardiac Flashcards |
AM
PNR201 MED SURG 1 EXAM 4 HEMATOLOGY AND CARDIAC QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED LATEST UPDATE 2025
Terms in this set (38)
Thromboangiitis obliterans, or Buerger disease, is one of approximately 20 disorders
that cause inflammation in blood vessels. The conditions may be primary disorders
or caused by other diseases. Thromboangiitis obliterans is a primary condition not
caused by atherosclerosis, but it involves inflammation and thickening of small and
thromboangiitis obliterans: medium-size arteries. Occlusion of the vessels in the hands and feet is usually noted
What is it? first. The disease occurs more often in men than women and is commonly found in
#1 risk factor? people from the Middle East, the Far East, India, and Southeast Asia. There is
increasing incidence of the disease in women older than age 50 years. Moderate
to heavy cigarette smoking is directly linked to the progression of the disease. It
may be classified as an allergic response in some people in whom the body
reacts to properties in nicotine.
Albumin
Name 3 Proteins Found in Blood Fibrinogen
Globulins
• Blood cells develop from stem cells located in the bone marrow
through erythropoiesis (Fig. 15.2).
Explain the process of blood production in • The kidney makes most of the body's erythropoietin, which then
the body prompts erythrocyte production by the bone marrow.
• Erythropoiesis requires iron; vitamins B12, C, and E; folic acid; and amino
acids— most of which are obtained from proteins.
What is the role of the spleen and the liver Removes old, damaged red blood cells
in the life cycle of blood cells
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, 3/25/25, 7:37 PNR201 Med Surg 1 Exam 4 Hematology and Cardiac Flashcards |
AM
Iron: Liver and muscle meats, eggs, dried fruits, legumes, dark green leafy
vegetables, whole-grain and enriched bread and cereals, potatoes
B12: Red meats, especially liver
Which foods are good sources of iron, B12,
folic acid, and B6?
Folic Acid: Green leafy vegetables, liver, meat, fish, legumes, whole grains
B6: Meats (especially pork and liver), wheat germ, legumes, potatoes, cornmeal,
bananas
Bone marrow failure occurs from abnormal cells overcrowding the normal cells
or from inadequate production of normal cells. Leukemia causes
overproliferation of abnormal cells in the bone marrow. Chemotherapy and
radiation, thrombocytopenic purpura, and chemical toxicity can be factors in bone
marrow failure. Predisposition to anemia, thrombocytopenia, and decreased WBCs
occur. Sometimes bone marrow recovery occurs if the toxic agent is avoided, but
List some causes of bone marrow
usually a bone marrow transplant or stem cell transplant is necessary.
suppression
• Antineoplastic agents used in treatment of cancer
• Radiation treatment used for cancer
• Excessive exposure to ionizing radiation
• Exposure to toxic chemicals that damage bone marrow
• Drugs that suppress the bone marrow
Signs of internal bleeding Bruising, blood in the stool
• African Americans have the highest incidence of sickle cell disease.
• Megaloblastic anemia is more prevalent among those of Scandinavian descent
Which populations are at risk for
and among African Americans.
hematological disorders
• People of Middle Eastern origin may have a genetic predisposition to thalassemia.
• Whites have a higher incidence of leukemia, followed by Hispanics.
WBC: 5000–10,000/mm3
RBC: Females 4.2–5.4 million/mm3; males: 4.7–6.1 million/mm3 HgB:
Lab Results norms Hemoglobin: females: 12.0–16.7 g/dL; males: 13.0–18.0 g/dL HCT: 37-
52%
PLT: 150,000-450,000
Which Lab results indicate a viral infection If a CBC with differential shows elevated lymphocytes
Acute Hemolytic: Chills, fever, low back pain, flushing, tachycardia, tachypnea,
hypotension, dark urine, shock, death.
Signs and Symptoms of Transfusion
Allergic Reactions: Itching, urticaria. Antihistamines are given and the transfusion
reactions
continued.
Nonhemolytic: Chills, hypertension, tachycardia, dyspnea.
What in the hallmark sign of hemophillia Hemarthrosis (Bleeding into the joints)
- It stains the teeth, use a straw
List teaching points with a client who is -Eat with vitamin C
receiving iron supplements - Avoid dairy
- Green/Black stools (Not black tarry stools)
2/
6
AM
PNR201 MED SURG 1 EXAM 4 HEMATOLOGY AND CARDIAC QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED LATEST UPDATE 2025
Terms in this set (38)
Thromboangiitis obliterans, or Buerger disease, is one of approximately 20 disorders
that cause inflammation in blood vessels. The conditions may be primary disorders
or caused by other diseases. Thromboangiitis obliterans is a primary condition not
caused by atherosclerosis, but it involves inflammation and thickening of small and
thromboangiitis obliterans: medium-size arteries. Occlusion of the vessels in the hands and feet is usually noted
What is it? first. The disease occurs more often in men than women and is commonly found in
#1 risk factor? people from the Middle East, the Far East, India, and Southeast Asia. There is
increasing incidence of the disease in women older than age 50 years. Moderate
to heavy cigarette smoking is directly linked to the progression of the disease. It
may be classified as an allergic response in some people in whom the body
reacts to properties in nicotine.
Albumin
Name 3 Proteins Found in Blood Fibrinogen
Globulins
• Blood cells develop from stem cells located in the bone marrow
through erythropoiesis (Fig. 15.2).
Explain the process of blood production in • The kidney makes most of the body's erythropoietin, which then
the body prompts erythrocyte production by the bone marrow.
• Erythropoiesis requires iron; vitamins B12, C, and E; folic acid; and amino
acids— most of which are obtained from proteins.
What is the role of the spleen and the liver Removes old, damaged red blood cells
in the life cycle of blood cells
1/
6
, 3/25/25, 7:37 PNR201 Med Surg 1 Exam 4 Hematology and Cardiac Flashcards |
AM
Iron: Liver and muscle meats, eggs, dried fruits, legumes, dark green leafy
vegetables, whole-grain and enriched bread and cereals, potatoes
B12: Red meats, especially liver
Which foods are good sources of iron, B12,
folic acid, and B6?
Folic Acid: Green leafy vegetables, liver, meat, fish, legumes, whole grains
B6: Meats (especially pork and liver), wheat germ, legumes, potatoes, cornmeal,
bananas
Bone marrow failure occurs from abnormal cells overcrowding the normal cells
or from inadequate production of normal cells. Leukemia causes
overproliferation of abnormal cells in the bone marrow. Chemotherapy and
radiation, thrombocytopenic purpura, and chemical toxicity can be factors in bone
marrow failure. Predisposition to anemia, thrombocytopenia, and decreased WBCs
occur. Sometimes bone marrow recovery occurs if the toxic agent is avoided, but
List some causes of bone marrow
usually a bone marrow transplant or stem cell transplant is necessary.
suppression
• Antineoplastic agents used in treatment of cancer
• Radiation treatment used for cancer
• Excessive exposure to ionizing radiation
• Exposure to toxic chemicals that damage bone marrow
• Drugs that suppress the bone marrow
Signs of internal bleeding Bruising, blood in the stool
• African Americans have the highest incidence of sickle cell disease.
• Megaloblastic anemia is more prevalent among those of Scandinavian descent
Which populations are at risk for
and among African Americans.
hematological disorders
• People of Middle Eastern origin may have a genetic predisposition to thalassemia.
• Whites have a higher incidence of leukemia, followed by Hispanics.
WBC: 5000–10,000/mm3
RBC: Females 4.2–5.4 million/mm3; males: 4.7–6.1 million/mm3 HgB:
Lab Results norms Hemoglobin: females: 12.0–16.7 g/dL; males: 13.0–18.0 g/dL HCT: 37-
52%
PLT: 150,000-450,000
Which Lab results indicate a viral infection If a CBC with differential shows elevated lymphocytes
Acute Hemolytic: Chills, fever, low back pain, flushing, tachycardia, tachypnea,
hypotension, dark urine, shock, death.
Signs and Symptoms of Transfusion
Allergic Reactions: Itching, urticaria. Antihistamines are given and the transfusion
reactions
continued.
Nonhemolytic: Chills, hypertension, tachycardia, dyspnea.
What in the hallmark sign of hemophillia Hemarthrosis (Bleeding into the joints)
- It stains the teeth, use a straw
List teaching points with a client who is -Eat with vitamin C
receiving iron supplements - Avoid dairy
- Green/Black stools (Not black tarry stools)
2/
6
