NURg631gFINALgEXAM,gPRACTICEgEXAMgANDgSTUDYgGUIDEgNEWESTg2024gACTU
ALgEXAMg350gQUESTIONSgANDgCORRECTgDETAILEDgANSWERSg(VERIFIEDgANSWE
RS)gWITHgEXPLNATIONS|ALREADYgGRADEDgA+
WhichgofgthegfollowinggstatementsgbestgdescribesgRaynaudgdisease?
a. Anginflammatorygdisordergofgsmallgandgmedium-sizegarteriesgingthegfeetgandgsometimesgingtheghands
b. Agneoplasticgdisordergofgtheglininggofgthegarteriesgandgveinsgofgtheguppergextremities
c. Agvasospasticgdisordergofgthegsmallgarteriesgandgarteriolesgofgthegfingers,gandglessgcommonly,gthegtoes
d. Angautoimmunegdisordergofgtheglargegarteriesgandgveinsgofgtheguppergandglowergextremitiesg-ganswer-
c.gAgvasospasticgdisordergofgthegsmallgarteriesgandgarteriolesgofgthegfingers,gandglessgcommonly,gthegtoes
Agpatientgisgdiagnosedgwithgpulmonarygdiseasegandgelevatedgpulmonarygvasculargresistance.gWhichgofg
thegfollowinggheartgfailuresgmaygresultgfromgthisgcondition?
a. Rightgheartgfailure
b. Leftgheartgfailure
c. Low-outputgfailure
d. High-outputgfailureg-ganswer-a.gRightgheartgfailure
Exp:gRightgheartgfailuregisgdefinedgasgtheginabilitygofgthegrightgventriclegtogprovidegadequategbloodgflo
wgintogthegpulmonarygcirculationgatgagnormalgcentralgvenousgpressure.gItgmostgoftengresultsgfromgthegl
eftgheartgfailuregwhengthegincreasegingleftgventriculargfillinggpressuregthatgisgreflectedgbackgintogthegpu
lmonarygcirculationgisgseveregenough.gAsgpressuregingthegpulmonarygcirculationgrises,gthegresistancegtog
rightgventriculargemptyinggincreases.
Whatgphysicalgsigngisgthegresultgofgturbulentgbloodgflowgthroughgagvessel?
a. Increasedgbloodgpressuregduringgperiodsgofgstress
b. Boundinggpulsegfeltgongpalpation
c. Cyanosisgobservedgongexcretion
d. Murmurgheardgongauscultationg-ganswer-d.gMurmurgheardgongauscultation
Exp:gWheregflowgisgobstructedgthegvesselgturnsgorgbloodgflowsgovergroughgsurfaces.gThegflowgbecomes
gturbulentgwithgwhorlsgorgeddygcurrentsgthatgproducegnoisegcausinggagmurmurgtogbegheardgongauscult
ationgsuchgasgoccursgduringgbloodgpressuregmeasurementgwithgagsphygomanometer.gThisgselectiongisgt
hegonlygoptiongthatgaccuratelygidentifiesgthegphysicalgsigngofgturbulentgvasculargbloodgflow.gpgg1113
,Whichgcongenitalgheartgdefectsgoccurgingtrisomyg13,gtrisomyg18gandgdowngsyndrome?
a. Coarctationgofgthegaortagandgpulmonarygstenosis
b. TetralogygofgFallotgandgpersistentgtruncusgarteriosus
c. Atrialgseptalgdefectgandgdextrocardia
d. Ventriculargseptalgdefectgandgpatentgductusgarteriosusg-ganswer-
d.gVentriculargseptalgdefectgandgpatentgductusgarteriosus
Exp:gCongenitalgheartgdefectsgthatgaregrelatedgtogdysfunctiongofgtrisomyg13,gtrisomyg18gandgdowngsyn
dromegincludegVSDgandgPDAgseegTableg33-
2gThegothergdefectsgaregnotgassociatedgwithgdysfunctiongofgtrisomyg13gorg17gandgdowngsyndrome.gpgg
1200
Anginfantghasgagcontinuousgmachine/typegmurmurgbestgheardgatgthegleftguppergsternalgbordergthroug
houtgsystolegandgdiastolegasgwellgasgagboundinggpulsegandgagthrillgongpalpation.gThesegclinicalgfindingsg
aregconsistentgwithgwhichgcongenitalgheartgdefect?
a. Atrialgseptalgdefect
b. Ventriculargseptalgdefect
c. Patentgductusgarteriosus
d. Atrioventriculargcanalgdefectg-ganswer-c.gPatentgductusgarteriosus
Exp:gIfgpulmonarygvasculargresistanceghasgfallengthenginfantsgwithgwillgcharacteristicallyghavegagcontin
uousgmachine/typegmurmurgbestgheardgatgthegleftguppergsternalgbordergthroughoutgsystolegandgdiast
ole.gIfgthegPDAgisgsignificantgthengtheginfantgalsogwillghavegboundinggpulsesgangactivegprecordium,gagth
rillgongpalpationgandgsignsgandgsymptomsgofgpulmonarygovergcirculation.gThegpresentationsgofgthegoth
ergcongenitalgheartgdefectsgaregnotgconsistentgwithgthegdescribedgthegsymptomsgpagesg1203-1204
WhichgcompensatorygmechanismgisgspontaneouslygusedgbygchildrengdiagnosedgwithgtetralogygofgFallotgtogr
elieveghypoxicgspells?
a. Lyinggongtheirgleftgside
b. Performinggthegvalsalvagmaneuver
c. Squatting
d. hyperventilatingg-ganswer-c.gSquatting
Exp:gsquattinggisgagspontaneousgcompensatorygmechanismgusedgbygoldergchildrengtogalleviateghypoxicg
spells.gSquattinggandgitsgvariantsgincreasegsystemicgresistancegwhilegdecreasinggvenousgreturngtogthegh
eartgfromgtheginferiorgvenagcava.gThegothergoptionsgwouldgnotgresultgingthesegchanges.gpgg1209
,Anginfantgdiagnosedgwithgagsmallgpatentgductusgarteriosusgwouldglikelygexhibitgwhichgsymptom?
a. Intermittentgmurmur
b. Lackgofgsymptoms
c. Needgforgsurgicalgrepair
d. Triadgofgcongenitalgdefectsg-ganswer-b.gLackgofgsymptoms
Exp:gInfantsgwithgagsmallgPDAgusuallygremaingasymptomatic.gpageg1203-1204
Fluidgingthegpleuralgspacegcharacterizesgwhichgcondition?
a. Pleuralgeffusion
b. Atelectasis
c. Bronchiectasis
d. Ischemiag-ganswer-a.gPleuralgEffusion
Exp:gPleuralgeffusiongisgthegpresencegofgfluidgingthegpleuralgspace.gpage1254
Whichgmedicationgclassificationgisggenerallygincludedgingthegtreatmentgofgsilicosis?
a. Corticosteroids
b. Antiboitics
c. Bronchodilators
d. Expectorantsg-ganswer-a.gCorticosteroids
Exp:gNogspecificgtreatmentgexistsgforgsilicosis,galthoughgcorticosteroidsgmaygproducegsomegimproveme
ntgingthegearly,gmoregacutegstages.gpageg1259
Thegriskgforgrespiratorygdistressgsyndromeg(RDS)gdecreasesgforgprematureginfantsgwhengtheygaregborng
betweenghowgmanygweeksgofggestation?
a. 16gandg24
b. 20gandg24
c. 24gandg30
d. 30gandg36g-ganswer-d.g30gandg36
Exp:gSurfactantgisgsecretedgintogfetalgairwaysgbetweeng30gandg36gweeks.gThegothergoptionsgaregnotgtruegre
gardinggthegtimeframegwhengthegriskgforgRDSgdecreases.gpageg1292
, Whatgisgthegchiefgpredisposinggfactorgforgrespiratorygdistressgsyndromeg(RDS)gofgthegnewborn?
a. Lowgbirthgweight
b. Alcoholgconsumptiongduringgpregnanc
c. Prematuregbirth
d. Smokinggduringgpregnancyg-ganswer-a.gPrematuregbirth
Exp:gRDSgofgthegnewborn,galsogknowngasghyalinegmembranegdiseaseg(HMD),gisgagmajorgcausegofgmorbid
itygandgmortalitygingprematuregnewborns.gpageg1301
Whatgisgthegprimarygcausegofgrespiratorygdistressgsyndromeg(RDS)gofgthegnewborn?
a. Immaturegimmunegsystem
b. Smallgalveoli
c. Surfactantgdeficiency
d. Anemiag-ganswer-c.gSurfactantgdeficiency
Exp:gRDSgisgprimarilygcausedgbygsurfactantgdeficiencygandgsecondarilygbygagdeficiencygingalveolargsurfac
egareagforggasgexchange.gpageg1301
Whatgisgthegprimarygproblemgresultinggfromgrespiratorygdistressgsyndromeg(RDS)gofgthegnewborn?
a. Consolidation
b. Pulmonarygedema
c. Atelectasis
d. Bronchiolargpluggingg-ganswer-c.gAtelectasis
Exp:gThegprimarygproblemgisgatelectasis,gwhichgcausesgsignificantghypoxemiagandgisgdifficultgforgthegne
onategtogovercomegbecausegagsignificantgnegativeginspiratorygpressuregisgrequiredgtogopengthegalveolig
withgeachgbreath.gNonegofgthegothergoptionsgaregconsideredgagprimarygproblemgassociatedgwithgRDS.g
pageg1301
Whichgstatementgbestgdescribesgcysticgfibrosis?
a. Obstructivegairwaygdiseasegcharacterizedgbygreversiblegairflowgobstruction,gbronchialghyperreactivit
y,gandginflammation
ALgEXAMg350gQUESTIONSgANDgCORRECTgDETAILEDgANSWERSg(VERIFIEDgANSWE
RS)gWITHgEXPLNATIONS|ALREADYgGRADEDgA+
WhichgofgthegfollowinggstatementsgbestgdescribesgRaynaudgdisease?
a. Anginflammatorygdisordergofgsmallgandgmedium-sizegarteriesgingthegfeetgandgsometimesgingtheghands
b. Agneoplasticgdisordergofgtheglininggofgthegarteriesgandgveinsgofgtheguppergextremities
c. Agvasospasticgdisordergofgthegsmallgarteriesgandgarteriolesgofgthegfingers,gandglessgcommonly,gthegtoes
d. Angautoimmunegdisordergofgtheglargegarteriesgandgveinsgofgtheguppergandglowergextremitiesg-ganswer-
c.gAgvasospasticgdisordergofgthegsmallgarteriesgandgarteriolesgofgthegfingers,gandglessgcommonly,gthegtoes
Agpatientgisgdiagnosedgwithgpulmonarygdiseasegandgelevatedgpulmonarygvasculargresistance.gWhichgofg
thegfollowinggheartgfailuresgmaygresultgfromgthisgcondition?
a. Rightgheartgfailure
b. Leftgheartgfailure
c. Low-outputgfailure
d. High-outputgfailureg-ganswer-a.gRightgheartgfailure
Exp:gRightgheartgfailuregisgdefinedgasgtheginabilitygofgthegrightgventriclegtogprovidegadequategbloodgflo
wgintogthegpulmonarygcirculationgatgagnormalgcentralgvenousgpressure.gItgmostgoftengresultsgfromgthegl
eftgheartgfailuregwhengthegincreasegingleftgventriculargfillinggpressuregthatgisgreflectedgbackgintogthegpu
lmonarygcirculationgisgseveregenough.gAsgpressuregingthegpulmonarygcirculationgrises,gthegresistancegtog
rightgventriculargemptyinggincreases.
Whatgphysicalgsigngisgthegresultgofgturbulentgbloodgflowgthroughgagvessel?
a. Increasedgbloodgpressuregduringgperiodsgofgstress
b. Boundinggpulsegfeltgongpalpation
c. Cyanosisgobservedgongexcretion
d. Murmurgheardgongauscultationg-ganswer-d.gMurmurgheardgongauscultation
Exp:gWheregflowgisgobstructedgthegvesselgturnsgorgbloodgflowsgovergroughgsurfaces.gThegflowgbecomes
gturbulentgwithgwhorlsgorgeddygcurrentsgthatgproducegnoisegcausinggagmurmurgtogbegheardgongauscult
ationgsuchgasgoccursgduringgbloodgpressuregmeasurementgwithgagsphygomanometer.gThisgselectiongisgt
hegonlygoptiongthatgaccuratelygidentifiesgthegphysicalgsigngofgturbulentgvasculargbloodgflow.gpgg1113
,Whichgcongenitalgheartgdefectsgoccurgingtrisomyg13,gtrisomyg18gandgdowngsyndrome?
a. Coarctationgofgthegaortagandgpulmonarygstenosis
b. TetralogygofgFallotgandgpersistentgtruncusgarteriosus
c. Atrialgseptalgdefectgandgdextrocardia
d. Ventriculargseptalgdefectgandgpatentgductusgarteriosusg-ganswer-
d.gVentriculargseptalgdefectgandgpatentgductusgarteriosus
Exp:gCongenitalgheartgdefectsgthatgaregrelatedgtogdysfunctiongofgtrisomyg13,gtrisomyg18gandgdowngsyn
dromegincludegVSDgandgPDAgseegTableg33-
2gThegothergdefectsgaregnotgassociatedgwithgdysfunctiongofgtrisomyg13gorg17gandgdowngsyndrome.gpgg
1200
Anginfantghasgagcontinuousgmachine/typegmurmurgbestgheardgatgthegleftguppergsternalgbordergthroug
houtgsystolegandgdiastolegasgwellgasgagboundinggpulsegandgagthrillgongpalpation.gThesegclinicalgfindingsg
aregconsistentgwithgwhichgcongenitalgheartgdefect?
a. Atrialgseptalgdefect
b. Ventriculargseptalgdefect
c. Patentgductusgarteriosus
d. Atrioventriculargcanalgdefectg-ganswer-c.gPatentgductusgarteriosus
Exp:gIfgpulmonarygvasculargresistanceghasgfallengthenginfantsgwithgwillgcharacteristicallyghavegagcontin
uousgmachine/typegmurmurgbestgheardgatgthegleftguppergsternalgbordergthroughoutgsystolegandgdiast
ole.gIfgthegPDAgisgsignificantgthengtheginfantgalsogwillghavegboundinggpulsesgangactivegprecordium,gagth
rillgongpalpationgandgsignsgandgsymptomsgofgpulmonarygovergcirculation.gThegpresentationsgofgthegoth
ergcongenitalgheartgdefectsgaregnotgconsistentgwithgthegdescribedgthegsymptomsgpagesg1203-1204
WhichgcompensatorygmechanismgisgspontaneouslygusedgbygchildrengdiagnosedgwithgtetralogygofgFallotgtogr
elieveghypoxicgspells?
a. Lyinggongtheirgleftgside
b. Performinggthegvalsalvagmaneuver
c. Squatting
d. hyperventilatingg-ganswer-c.gSquatting
Exp:gsquattinggisgagspontaneousgcompensatorygmechanismgusedgbygoldergchildrengtogalleviateghypoxicg
spells.gSquattinggandgitsgvariantsgincreasegsystemicgresistancegwhilegdecreasinggvenousgreturngtogthegh
eartgfromgtheginferiorgvenagcava.gThegothergoptionsgwouldgnotgresultgingthesegchanges.gpgg1209
,Anginfantgdiagnosedgwithgagsmallgpatentgductusgarteriosusgwouldglikelygexhibitgwhichgsymptom?
a. Intermittentgmurmur
b. Lackgofgsymptoms
c. Needgforgsurgicalgrepair
d. Triadgofgcongenitalgdefectsg-ganswer-b.gLackgofgsymptoms
Exp:gInfantsgwithgagsmallgPDAgusuallygremaingasymptomatic.gpageg1203-1204
Fluidgingthegpleuralgspacegcharacterizesgwhichgcondition?
a. Pleuralgeffusion
b. Atelectasis
c. Bronchiectasis
d. Ischemiag-ganswer-a.gPleuralgEffusion
Exp:gPleuralgeffusiongisgthegpresencegofgfluidgingthegpleuralgspace.gpage1254
Whichgmedicationgclassificationgisggenerallygincludedgingthegtreatmentgofgsilicosis?
a. Corticosteroids
b. Antiboitics
c. Bronchodilators
d. Expectorantsg-ganswer-a.gCorticosteroids
Exp:gNogspecificgtreatmentgexistsgforgsilicosis,galthoughgcorticosteroidsgmaygproducegsomegimproveme
ntgingthegearly,gmoregacutegstages.gpageg1259
Thegriskgforgrespiratorygdistressgsyndromeg(RDS)gdecreasesgforgprematureginfantsgwhengtheygaregborng
betweenghowgmanygweeksgofggestation?
a. 16gandg24
b. 20gandg24
c. 24gandg30
d. 30gandg36g-ganswer-d.g30gandg36
Exp:gSurfactantgisgsecretedgintogfetalgairwaysgbetweeng30gandg36gweeks.gThegothergoptionsgaregnotgtruegre
gardinggthegtimeframegwhengthegriskgforgRDSgdecreases.gpageg1292
, Whatgisgthegchiefgpredisposinggfactorgforgrespiratorygdistressgsyndromeg(RDS)gofgthegnewborn?
a. Lowgbirthgweight
b. Alcoholgconsumptiongduringgpregnanc
c. Prematuregbirth
d. Smokinggduringgpregnancyg-ganswer-a.gPrematuregbirth
Exp:gRDSgofgthegnewborn,galsogknowngasghyalinegmembranegdiseaseg(HMD),gisgagmajorgcausegofgmorbid
itygandgmortalitygingprematuregnewborns.gpageg1301
Whatgisgthegprimarygcausegofgrespiratorygdistressgsyndromeg(RDS)gofgthegnewborn?
a. Immaturegimmunegsystem
b. Smallgalveoli
c. Surfactantgdeficiency
d. Anemiag-ganswer-c.gSurfactantgdeficiency
Exp:gRDSgisgprimarilygcausedgbygsurfactantgdeficiencygandgsecondarilygbygagdeficiencygingalveolargsurfac
egareagforggasgexchange.gpageg1301
Whatgisgthegprimarygproblemgresultinggfromgrespiratorygdistressgsyndromeg(RDS)gofgthegnewborn?
a. Consolidation
b. Pulmonarygedema
c. Atelectasis
d. Bronchiolargpluggingg-ganswer-c.gAtelectasis
Exp:gThegprimarygproblemgisgatelectasis,gwhichgcausesgsignificantghypoxemiagandgisgdifficultgforgthegne
onategtogovercomegbecausegagsignificantgnegativeginspiratorygpressuregisgrequiredgtogopengthegalveolig
withgeachgbreath.gNonegofgthegothergoptionsgaregconsideredgagprimarygproblemgassociatedgwithgRDS.g
pageg1301
Whichgstatementgbestgdescribesgcysticgfibrosis?
a. Obstructivegairwaygdiseasegcharacterizedgbygreversiblegairflowgobstruction,gbronchialghyperreactivit
y,gandginflammation
