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1. personality: characteristics that describe an individual's behavior.
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2. personality traits: characteristics that describe an individual's behavior in a large n
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umber of situations
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3. Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI): A personality test that taps four character-
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istics and classifies Behavior
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4. Big Five Model: A personality assessment model that taps five basic dimensions. ex
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traversion, agreeableness, openness, conscientiousness, and neuroticism.
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5. extraversion: A personality describing someone who is sociable and assertive (c
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onfident and forceful )
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6. agreeableness: A personality that describes someone who is good natured, c
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ooperative, and trusting. b b
7. conscientiousness: A personality that describes someone who is responsible, d
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ependable, persistent, and organized.
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,8. emotional stability: A personality that characterizes someone as calm, self-con-
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fident, and insecure.
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9. openness to experience: A personality that characterizes someone in terms of i
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magination, sensitivity, and curiosity.
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10. core self-evaluation: Bottom-line conclusions individuals have about their ca-
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pabilities, competence, and worth as a person.
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11. Machiavellianism: The degree to which an individual is pragmatic, maintains e
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motional distance, and believes that ends can justify means.
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12. narcissism: The tendency to be arrogant, self- b b b b b b
importance, require excessive admiration, and have a sense of entitlement.
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13. self-
monitoring: where an individual's has ability to adjust his or her behavior to external
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, situational factors.
b b
14. proactive personality: People who identify opportunities, show initiative, take a
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ction, and persevere until meaningful change occurs.
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15. values: Basic convictions that a specific mode of conduct or end-state of exis-
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,tence is personally or socially preferable to an opposite or converse mode of conduct or
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end-state of existence. b b
16. value system: A hierarchy based on a ranking of an individual's values in terms of
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their intensity.
b
17. terminal values: Desirable end- b b b
states of existence; the goals a person would like to achieve during his or her lifetime
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.
18. instrumental values: Preferable modes of behavior or means of achieving one's te
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rminal values. b
19. personality Job- b
fit theory: A theory that identifies six personality types and proposes that the fit betw
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een personality type and occupational environment deter-
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mines satisfaction and turnover.
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, 20. power distance: where society accepts that power in institutions and organiza-
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b tions is distributed unequally.
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21. individualism: where people prefer to act as individuals rather than as members of
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groups.
22. collectivism: A national culture attribute that describes a tight social framework in
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which people expect others in groups of which they are a part to look after them and p
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rotect them. b
23. masculinity: where culture favors traditional masculine work roles of achieve-
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b ment, power, and control.
b b b
24. femininity: indicates little differentiation between male and female roles; where w
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omen are treated as the equals of men in all aspects of the society.
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25. uncertainty avoidance: A national culture attribute that describes the extent to w
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hich a society feels threatened by uncertain and ambiguous situations and tries to avoi
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d them. b
26. long-
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