WGU D236 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OA EXAM 3 LATEST COMPLETE ACTUAL REAL QUESTIONS WITH WELL ELABORATED ANSWERS (100 CORRECT VERIFIED ANSWERS)

WGU D236 pathophysiology: Objective As
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sessment Questions and Verified Answers |
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Latest 2023/2024 GRADED A+
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WhatgisgStarling'sgLawgofgCapillarygforces?


Howgdoesgthisgexplaingwhygagnutritionallygdeficientgchildgwouldghavegedema?


-

gDDStarling'sgLawgdescribesghowgfluidsgmovegacrossgthegcapillarygmembrane.gTheregaregtwogmajorgo



pposinggforcesgthatgactgtogbalancegeachgother,ghydrostaticgpressureg(pushinggwatergoutgofgthegcapill

aries)gandgosmoticgpressureg(includinggonconticgpressure,gwhichgpushesgfluidgintogthegcapillaries).




Bothgelectrolytesgandgproteinsg(onconticgpressure)gingthegbloodgaffectgosmoticgpressure,ghi

ghgelectrolytegandgproteingconcentrationsgingthegbloodgwouldgcausegwatergtogleavegthegcell

sgandginterstitialgspacegandgentergthegbloodgstreamgtogdilutegtheghighgconcentrations.




On,gthegotherghand,glowgelectrolytegandgproteingconcentrationsg(asgseengingagnutritionallygdeficientg

child)gwouldgcausegwatergtogleavegthegcapillariesgandgentergthegcellsgandginterstitialgfluidgwhichgcangle

adgtogedema.




HowgdoesgthegRAASg(Renin-Angiotensin-

AldosteronegSystem)gresultgingincreasedgbloodgvolumegandgincreasedgbloodgpressure?

,WGUgD236gpathophysiologygOAgExamgStudygGuideg2023gQuestionsgandgAnswers



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gDDAgdropgingbloodgpressuregisgsensedgbygthegkidneysgbyglowgperfusion,gwhichgingturngbeginsgtogsecr



etegrenin.




Reningthengtriggersgtheglivergtogproducegangiotensinogen,gwhichgisgconvertedgtogAngiotensingIgingthegl

ungsgandgthengangiotensingIIgbygthegenzyme




Angiotensin-

convertinggenzymeg(ACE).gAngiotensingIIgstimulatesgperipheralgarterialgvasoconstrictiongwhichgrais

esgBP.




AngiotensingIIgisgalsogstimulatinggthegadrenalgglandgtogreleasegaldosterone,gwhichgactsgtogincreasegs

odiumgandgwatergreabsorptiongincreasinggbloodgvolume,gwhilegalsogincreasedgpotassiumgsecretiongin

gurine.




Howgcanghyperkalemiagleadgtogcardiacgarrest?


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gDDNormalglevelsgofgpotassiumgaregbetweeng3.5gandg5.2gmEq/dL.gHyperkalemiagrefersgtopotassiumgl



evelsghighergthatg5.2gmEq/dL.




Agmajorgfunctiongofgpotassiumgisgtogconductgnervegimpulsesgingmuscles.gTooglowgandgmusclegweakne

,ssgoccursgandgtoogmuchgcangcausegmusclegspasms.

, WGUgD236gpathophysiologygOAgExamgStudygGuideg2023gQuestionsgandgAnswers



Thisgisgespeciallygdangerousgingthegheartgmusclegandgangirregulargheartbeatgcangcausegagheartgattack




ThegbodygusesgthegProteingBufferinggSystem,gPhosphategBufferinggSystem,gandgCarbonicgAcid-

gBicarbonategSystemgtogregulategandgmaintainghomeostaticgpH,gwhatgisgthegconsequencegofgagpHgimb


alance


- DDProteinsgcontaingmanygacidicgandgbasicggroupgthatgcangbegaffectedgbygpHgchanges.gAnygincrease

gorgdecreasegingbloodgpHgcangaltergthegstructuregofgthegproteing(denature),gtherebygaffectinggitsgfunc


tiongasgwell




Describegtheglaboratorygfindingsgassociatedgwithgmetabolicgacidosis,gmetabolicgalkalosis,grespiratoryga

cidosisgandgrespiratorygalkalosis.g(iegrelativegpHgandgCO2glevels).


- DDNormalgABGsg(ArterialgBloodgGases)gBloodgpH:g7.35-7.45gPCO2:g35-45gmmgHggPO2:g90-

100gmmgHggHCO3-:g22-26gmEq/LgSaO2:g95-100%




RespiratorygacidosisgandgalkalosisgaregmarkedgbygchangesgingPCO2.gHigherg=gacidosisgandglowerg=galka

losis




MetabolicgacidosisgandgalkalosisgaregcausedgbygsomethinggothergthangabnormalgCO2glevels.gThisgcouldginc

ludegtoxicity,gdiabetes,grenalgfailuregorgexcessivegGIglosses.